scholarly journals Stress (PTSD) as a natural mechanism of situation solution and personal changes in conditions of the abrupt change of circumstances

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (II) ◽  
pp. 83-103
Author(s):  
Ігор ГЕРАІМЧУК
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Moral Problem ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
State Of Stress

The article discusses the concept of stress as a mechanism of decision-making, situation solving and "ineffective personality" changing in contexts of the abrupt change of conditions and circumstances of habitation. When circumstances appear to be unsolvable by ordinary measures, i. e., a person cannot handle them; the extreme decision-making mechanism is activated, which in essence is a holisticinsight mechanism. More precisely, the mechanism hidden behind the holistic insight of creativity, allowing by inspiration comprise and combine enormous volumes of material, as we show in [1], may have roots in the holistic insight mechanism of solving ambiguous, complex and deadly situations. This "mechanism", including deep delta rhythms and involving a holistic system in solution of the situation through hyper attention or hyper concentration, may also include, as in hypnosis, the mechanisms of identity change (you are the painter Repin, you are fearless warriors, berserks, etc.). We assume that this is not a pathological mechanism, but an insuperable mechanism of development and survival, which blockade is caused by culture sets. If an individual continues fighting, the insight mechanism and mechanism of personality transformation are actuated. This may be achieved by a holistic coverage of personal experience. If an individual fails to solve the situation, then it may result in a blackout, when a person imitates the others, not remembering it afterwards, running with others, etc. If there is no such example, then various scenarios may exist; with the "blackout", the searching may be carried out appropriate of behavior patterns in the person's memory and abrupt change of personality to a completely different one (Napoleons, fearless movie warriors, some dreams, etc.). The delta state is related to some sleep phases in brain waves (delta rhythms as in a deep sleep), and as of in sleep we can be different personalities, so in the delta state a person can experience other personalities in reality. In the state of sleepwalking a person can walk in a night of sleep without remembering it. We believe that the delta state of stress is the same mechanism as in sleep, only the body is completely subordinated to a sleeping or new personality. As sleep is the processing of daily information, so the delta state of stress is the processing and determination of information in reality. In a state of heightened danger, you actually get direct access to this “processing center”. But you need to be able to use it. It is possible to easily imitate the majority of stressful disorders with sleep deprivation or prolonged sensory deprivation (resulting in a direct request). But since there is no real reason, some disorders will cease manifesting when the normal regime is restored. With creativity, we generally see the direct control of the "processing center" (the same as in a night of sleep and in deadly danger) without side effects. Anxiety, or more properly, attention and concentration on a problem, are consciously arisen in creative work. And all processes, like in a sleep being controlled, are controlled in the creative work: instead of flashes ‒ flashes of ideas; instead of hallucinations ‒ control of auditory, visual, tactile images; instead of chaos ‒ sounding music or pictures; instead of compulsive thoughts ‒ concentration; instead of manias ‒ super concentration; instead of “dissociation” of personality ‒ almost living heroes of literary writings; instead of torn feelings ‒ strong rueful feelings; instead of uncontrollably rushing thoughts ‒ unprecedented speed of creativity, etc. A controlled analogue corresponds to each disorder, which is the most complex evolutionary advantage of species and achievement of humanity. In essence, stress is the same attempt to solve a problem, especially when the problem cannot be solved by the means of a given personality. PTSD is apparently the same attempt to solve a problem by anxiety on the problem and other remedies of the organism to draw attention, typically, to the unresolved and previously unfinished problem, especially when it cannot be solved. Frequently, PTSD occurs when the problem has not been resolved by one or another way, even post factum. Most commonly, a person with PTSD did not take actions against its repetition: he/she did not conquer an enemy, did not learn to win, does not have experience and protective measures, etc. Winners who do not want to change the past, allegedly, were out of PTSD (compare the World War II (better the Great Patriotic War for Russia) and the Vietnam War when it was first diagnosed PTSD: those who wanted to replay, change or abolish the past, experience variants of PTSD; those who are proud of victory or of themselves call the same situation the best time of life). The rider recalls with tenderness children's falls from a horse. PTSD is essentially an open problem for those who could not solve the problem at that time (young children, women), or cannot solve the problem (injured or maimed, have a moral problem or injury), or do not want to solve the problem. In essence, the work with PTSD should begin with a problem solving, temporary or artificial, ensuring security, changing a person so that he/she can cope with the problem, and providing him/her with remedies to cope with the problem, directing activity to the problem, getting used to think about the problem ‒ the person must solve the problem inside oneself, be prepared for solving this or a similar problem outside, prepare ways to to solve the problem. In other words, create a positive view of the problem means solve the problem. In essence, PTSD is a challenge that must end with the renewal of person and the creation of a new one, as in creativity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an educational intervention that aims to improve the keep/refer decision-making abilities of Austrian undergraduate physiotherapy students: a randomised pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Lackenbauer ◽  
Jessie Janssen ◽  
Hazel Roddam ◽  
James Selfe
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bachelor Degree ◽  
Potential Effectiveness ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Physiotherapy Students

Background/Aims An ongoing discussion about direct access to physiotherapy for patients with musculoskeletal pain disorders in Austria requires the development of a curriculum that educates physiotherapy students to make autonomous decisions to treat the patient without the need for medical referral (keep), to treat the patient with additional medical check-up (keep and refer) or to send the patient for medical evaluation without physiotherapeutic management (refer), and to recognise the presence of serious pathologies. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility, acceptability and potential effectiveness of an educational intervention that was provided to Austrian physiotherapy students in their final semester of the 3-year undergraduate (bachelor) degree. Methods An educational intervention was given to Austrian physiotherapy students in their final semester of the 3-year undergraduate (bachelor) degree, which consisted of a single, 1-hour face-to-face case-based lecture on the principles of differential diagnosis, screening for possible red flag pathologies and review of the body systems. A control group did not receive the intervention, but both groups completed 11 validated vignettes. Results Half of Austrian universities (n=6/12) and 116 final year Austrian undergraduate physiotherapy students took part in the study. All students from the intervention group were satisfied with the intervention and 77.6% found the intervention beneficial for making keep/refer decisions based on clinical vignettes. Overall, 89.7% did not find the intervention too time consuming. A potential effectiveness of the intervention could not be demonstrated. Conclusions Future similar studies need to investigate if more teaching hours and/or if different educational methods are capable of improving the keep/refer decision-making abilities of Austrian undergraduate physiotherapy students.

Brain Whisperers: Cutting through the Clutter with Neuromarketing

Somatechnics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Andrejevic
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Narrative Forms

The development of the field of neuromarketing piggybacks on growing interest in the neurosciences associated with the development of new brain imaging technology and recent theorizations of the role played by emotion in consumer decision making. Neuromarketers assert that people's bodies are, for marketing purposes, more truthful than the words they utter, promising direct access to formerly concealed aspects of consumer desire. This article situates the promise to bypass the vagaries of discourse with techniques for reading the body within the broader context of a changing information environment and the forms of reflexive awareness of the partial and constructed character of narrative forms of representation. It explores the uptake by neuromarketers of recent theories that posit emotional responses as integral to the process of rational decision making. This uptake repositions marketers as adjuncts to rational deliberation rather than threats to it and the forms of autonomy and citizenship with which it is associated. However, the article argues that neuromarketers’ claims to bypass mediation and the impasses of representation break down upon further examination. In the end, an examination of the recent literature on the topic indicates that neuromarketers – like data miners – are more interested in potentially useful correlations than in underlying explanations. Their portrayal of neuromarketing as a technique for accessing what consumers’ ‘really’ feel amounts to a misreading of their own project, which might be more properly understood as the development of techniques for making probabilistic predictions about the behaviour of populations.

Surgery for a giant arteriovenous malformation without motor deterioration: preoperative transcranial magnetic stimulation in a non-cooperative patient

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick Kronenburg ◽  
Tristan van Doormaal ◽  
Pieter van Eijsden ◽  
Albert van der Zwan ◽  
Frans Leijten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
Motor Mapping ◽  
The Past ◽  
Martin Grade ◽  
Patient’S History ◽  
Support Decision Making

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive activation method that is increasingly used for motor mapping. Preoperative functional mapping in vascular surgery is not routinely performed; however, in cases of high-grade arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), it could play a role in preoperative decision making. A 16-year-old male was suffering from a giant, right-sided insular, Spetzler-Martin Grade V AVM. This patient's history included 3 hemorrhagic strokes in the past 3 years, resulting in Medical Research Council Grade 2–3 (proximal) and 2–4 (distal) paresis of the left side of the body and hydrocephalus requiring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Preoperative TMS showed absent contralateral innervation of the remaining left-sided motor functions. Subsequently, the AVM was completely resected without any postoperative increase of the left-sided paresis. This case shows that TMS can support decision making in AVM treatment by mapping motor functions.

X.—On The Accessory Respiratory Organs of Heteropneustes fossilis Bloch

1961 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Datta Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Heteropneustes Fossilis ◽  
The Past

Heteropneustes (Saccobranchus) fossilis Bloch. is a common airbreathing fish found in India. It possesses a respiratory sac on each side of the body embedded in the lateral myotomes. The structure of this organ, its respiratory function and the phenomenon of “drowning” when the fish is denied direct access to the air have engaged the attention of several workers in the past among whom Day (1868), Dobson (1874), Burne (1896), Das (1927), Hora (1935) and Marlier (1938) deserve mention. The only detailed account of the structure of the accessory organ of this fish is available to us from the work of Das (1927) who also paid some attention to its development. Dobson (1874) and Hora (1935) mainly concerned themselves with some experiments bearing on the “drowning” of the fish when compelled to live under water. Little information is obtainable from the existing literature on the following points which have an important bearing on evolution of its accessory respiratory organs:(i) the gross and minute structure of the respiratory sac, especially its vascularization;(ii) the origin and derivation of the accessory respiratory organs (=the “Fans” and the respiratory sac); and(iii) the muscles concerned with its breathing movements.

Cosmetic Allergen in the Past and Present

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
World War ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Cosmetic Dermatitis ◽  
Facial Dermatitis ◽  
International Research Project

For almost 20 years after the end of World War II, many Japanese women were challenged by a dark secondary hyper pigmentation on their faces. The causation of this condition was unknown and incurable at the time. However this symptom became curable after a number of new cosmetic allergens were discovered through patch tests and as an aftermath, various cosmetics and soaps that eliminated all these allergens were put into production to be used exclusively for these patients. An international research project conducted by seven countries was set out to find out the new allergens and discover non-allergic cosmetic materials. Due to these efforts, two disastrous cosmetic primary sensitizers were banned and this helped to decrease allergic cosmetic dermatitis. Towards the end of the 20th century, the rate of positives among cosmetic sensitizers decreased to levels of 5% - 8% and have since maintained its rates into the 21th century. Currently, metal ions such as the likes of nickel have been identified as being the most common allergens found in cosmetics and cosmetic instruments. They often produce rosacea-like facial dermatitis and therefore allergen controlled soaps and cosmetics have been proved to be useful in recovering normal skin conditions.

Derrida on Pornography: Putting (It) Up for Sale

Derrida Today ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Morris
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
English Translation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
French Original ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Critical Discourses ◽  
Academic Debate

Over the past thirty years, academic debate over pornography in the discourses of feminism and cultural studies has foundered on questions of the performative and of the word's definition. In the polylogue of Droit de regards, pornography is defined as la mise en vente that is taking place in the act of exegesis in progress. (Wills's idiomatic English translation includes an ‘it’ that is absent in the French original). The definition in Droit de regards alludes to the word's etymology (writing by or about prostitutes) but leaves the referent of the ‘sale’ suspended. Pornography as la mise en vente boldly restates the necessary iterability of the sign and anticipates two of Derrida's late arguments: that there is no ‘the’ body and that performatives may be powerless. Deriving a definition of pornography from a truncated etymology exemplifies the prosthesis of origin and challenges other critical discourses to explain how pornography can be understood as anything more than ‘putting (it) up for sale’.

The Suffering of the Perpetrators: The Ethics of Traumatic German Historicity in Karen Bass's Young Adult World War II Novels

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-77
Author(s):  
Doris Wolf
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Childhood Studies ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adult World ◽  
The Public Sphere

This paper examines two young adult novels, Run Like Jäger (2008) and Summer of Fire (2009), by Canadian writer Karen Bass, which centre on the experiences of so-called ordinary German teenagers in World War II. Although guilt and perpetration are themes addressed in these books, their focus is primarily on the ways in which Germans suffered at the hands of the Allied forces. These books thus participate in the increasingly widespread but still controversial subject of the suffering of the perpetrators. Bringing work in childhood studies to bear on contemporary representations of German wartime suffering in the public sphere, I explore how Bass's novels, through the liminal figure of the adolescent, participate in a culture of self-victimisation that downplays guilt rather than more ethically contextualises suffering within guilt. These historical narratives are framed by contemporary narratives which centre on troubled teen protagonists who need the stories of the past for their own individualisation in the present. In their evacuation of crucial historical contexts, both Run Like Jäger and Summer of Fire support optimistic and gendered narratives of individualism that ultimately refuse complicated understandings of adolescent agency in the past or present.

Receptions of the Past: Commemoration, Racism, Desire

Somatechnics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-303
Author(s):  
Michael Connors Jackman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
White Privilege ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

This article investigates the ways in which the work of The Body Politic (TBP), the first major lesbian and gay newspaper in Canada, comes to be commemorated in queer publics and how it figures in the memories of those who were involved in producing the paper. In revisiting a critical point in the history of TBP from 1985 when controversy erupted over race and racism within the editorial collective, this discussion considers the role of memory in the reproduction of whiteness and in the rupture of standard narratives about the past. As the controversy continues to haunt contemporary queer activism in Canada, the productive work of memory must be considered an essential aspect of how, when and for what reasons the work of TBP comes to be commemorated. By revisiting the events of 1985 and by sifting through interviews with individuals who contributed to the work of TBP, this article complicates the narrative of TBP as a bluntly racist endeavour whilst questioning the white privilege and racially-charged demands that undergird its commemoration. The work of producing and preserving queer history is a vital means of challenging the intentional and strategic erasure of queer existence, but those who engage in such efforts must remain attentive to the unequal terrain of social relations within which remembering forms its objects.

Body and Desire

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael A. Cadenhead
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gregory Of Nyssa ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ethical Discourse ◽  
Sex And Sexuality ◽  
Diachronic Analysis

Although the reception of the Eastern father Gregory of Nyssa has varied over the centuries, the past few decades have witnessed a profound awakening of interest in his thought, particularly in relation to the contentious issues of gender, sex, and sexuality. The Body and Desire sets out to retrieve the full range of Gregory’s thinking on the challenges of the ascetic life through a diachronic analysis of his oeuvre. Exploring his understanding of the importance of bodily and spiritual maturation in the practices of contemplation and virtue, Raphael Cadenhead recovers the vital relevance of this vision of transformation for contemporary ethical discourse.

Stress management: Corpus-based insights into vernacular interpretations of stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Laurel Smith Stvan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
American English ◽  
Physical Symptom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Semantic Shift

Examination of the term stress in naturally occurring vernacular prose provides evidence of three separate senses being conflated. A corpus analysis of 818 instances of stress from non-academic texts in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and the Corpus of American Discourses on Health (CADOH) shows a negative prosody for stress, which is portrayed variously as a source outside the body, a physical symptom within the body and an emotional state. The data show that contemporary speakers intermingle the three senses, making more difficult a discussion between doctors and patients of ways to ‘reduce stress’, when stress might be interpreted as a stressor, a symptom, or state of anxiety. This conflation of senses reinforces the impression that stress is pervasive and increasing. In addition, a semantic shift is also refining a new sense for stress, as post-traumatic stress develops as a specific subtype of emotional stress whose use has increased in circulation in the past 20 years.

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