scholarly journals HER2 overexpression and PD-L1 expression in vulvar Paget disease in Thai population: role of potential targeted and immune therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanya Jiragraivutidej ◽  
Ruangsak Lertkhachonsuk ◽  
Shanop Shuangshoti ◽  
Natkrita Pohthipornthawat
Keyword(s):  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Her2 Overexpression ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Paget Disease

E6 and E7 oncoproteins: Potential targets of cervical cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramarao Malla ◽  
Mohammad Amjad Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
E6 And E7 Oncoproteins ◽  
E6 And E7

: Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth leading cancer in women in the age group 15-44 globally. Experimental as well as epidemiological studies identified that type16 and 18 HPV cause 70% of precancerous cervical lesions as well as cervical cancer worldwide by bringing about genetic as well as epigenetic changes in the host genome. The insertion of the HPV genome triggers various defense mechanisms including the silencing of tumor suppressor genes as well as activation of oncogenes associated with cancer metastatic pathway. E6 and E7 are small oncoproteins consisting of 150 and 100 amino acids respectively. These oncoproteins affect the regulation of the host cell cycle by interfering with p53 and pRb. Further these oncoproteins adversely affect the normal functions of the host cell by binding to their signaling proteins. Recent studies demonstrated that E6 and E7 oncoproteins are potential targets for CC. Therefore, this review discusses the role of E6 and E7 oncoproteins in metastasis and drug resistance as well as their regulation, early oncogene mediated signaling pathways. This review also uncovers the recent updates on molecular mechanisms of E6 and E7 mediated phytotherapy, gene therapy, immune therapy, and vaccine strategies as well as diagnosis through precision testing. Therefore, understanding the potential role of E6/E7 in metastasis and drug resistance along with targeted treatment, vaccine, and precision diagnostic strategies could be useful for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Emerging Role of Immune Therapy in HCC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey M. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Expected Increase

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a prevalent cancer diagnosis with an expected increase in incidence in the next decade. Treatment options for advanced disease have expanded significantly in the last decade since sorafenib was first approved in 2007. There have been approvals for multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with modest improvements in survival. Single-agent PD-1 inhibition has shown responses in ∼15% of patients, with a tail of the curve that is very beneficial to a small subset of patients. Most recently, studies of combination therapy with immune therapy drugs are showing more durable responses in a larger number of patients with unprecedented response rates over 30%. Different strategies have been pursued, including PD-1 and PD-L1 combinations with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition, TKIs, and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. This article provides a review of studies both completed and ongoing with immune therapy in advanced HCC.

Treatment of Extramammary Paget Disease and the Role of Reflectance Confocal Microscopy: A Prospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-479
Author(s):  
Cristian Navarrete-Dechent ◽  
Saud Aleissa ◽  
Miguel Cordova ◽  
Brian P. Hibler ◽  
Andres M. Erlendsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Reflectance Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Paget Disease ◽  
A Prospective Study

Role of serum HER2 (sHER2) levels to predict acquisition of HER2 overexpression in patients with metastatic lesions of breast cancer with HER2-negative/unknown at the primary site.

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e11114-e11114
Author(s):  
J. T. M. L. Ribeiro ◽  
S. M. Ali ◽  
L. Correia ◽  
I. M. V. D. Luis ◽  
M. Matias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Her2 Overexpression ◽  
Metastatic Lesions

The Predictive Role of HER2 Overexpression in Early Breast Cancer

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 3179-3180
Author(s):  
Alfredo Tartarone ◽  
Gianpiero Romano ◽  
Giovanni Iodice ◽  
Alba Capobianco ◽  
Nicola Di Renzo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Breast Cancer ◽  
Her2 Overexpression ◽  
Predictive Role

Mother to child transmission of HIV-1 in a Thai population: Role of virus characteristics and maternal humoral immune response

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chonticha Kittinunvorakoon ◽  
Mary Kate Morris ◽  
Kanchana Neeyapun ◽  
Bongkoch Jetsawang ◽  
Gertrude C. Buehring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv 1

The controversial role of lamivudine prophylaxis in occult HBV carriers treated with chemo-immune therapy

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 839-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D’Andrea ◽  
L. Nosotti ◽  
F. Pimpinelli ◽  
M.L. Dessanti ◽  
A. Paviglianiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
Lamivudine Prophylaxis

scholarly journals The Analysis of bcl-2 in Association with p53 and Ki-67 in Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Other Molecular Subtypes in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Charity Ameh-Mensah ◽  
Babatunde Moses Duduyemi ◽  
Kweku Bedu-Addo ◽  
Elijah Atta Manu ◽  
Francis Opoku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Her2 Overexpression ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Protein P53

Background. Little is known about the role of apoptosis in the tumorigenesis and prognosis of breast cancer in Ghana. Chemotherapeutic drug efficacy partially relates to apoptosis induction, rendering it a vital target in cancer therapy with unique biomarker opportunities that have not been exploited. Aberrations in this pathway are central to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, overall tumor growth, and regression during treatment therapies. Antiapoptotic bcl-2 (gene) and p53 are known to play roles in apoptosis while Ki-67 is a proliferative marker. The aim of our study is to determine the association of bcl-2 (protein) with p53 and Ki-67 in 203 consecutive breast cancer cases over a 10-year period. Method. A retrospective cross-sectional study on archival FFPE tissue blocks over a 9-year period with abstraction of clinicopathologic data. Two hundred and three consecutive and suitable FFPE blocks were selected for tissue microarray (TMA) construction, and IHC (bcl-2 (protein), Ki-67, p53, cyclin D, pan cytokeratins A and E, ER, PR, and HER2/neu) was done. Expressions of bcl-2 (protein), p53, and Ki-67 were related to histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, and molecular subtypes. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze results. Results. Most of our cases were in the fifth decade of life (31%); invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST) was predominant (87%); histological grade III (38%) was the highest; and Luminal A (19.8%), Luminal B (9.9%), HER2 (16%), and TNBC (54.3%) constituted the molecular classes. bcl-2 expression was found in 38% of the cases. Our cases also showed mutation in p53 (36.7%) and ki-67 expression (62.5%). bcl-2 (protein) and p53 significantly correlated with Luminal B and TNBC ( p < 0.01 ). Ki-67 also correlated significantly with Luminal A and B and HER2 overexpression ( p < 0.01 ). Premenopausal age (40–49) and histological grade inversely correlated with bcl-2 (protein) expression. p53 statistically correlated with Ki-67 ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Our results show high expression of bcl-2 (protein) suggesting an important role of apoptosis in Ghanaian breast cancer cases. bcl-2 (protein), p53, and Ki-67 expressions emerged interdependently from this research and can thus be manipulated in prediction and prognosis of breast cancers in our setting.

scholarly journals PREDICTIVE RELAPSE MODEL IN PATIENTS WITH LUMINAL HER2-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
M.Kh. Torosyan ◽  
T.V. Shevchenko ◽  
V.V. Rodionov ◽  
Yu.G. Savinov ◽  
Yu.A. Veryaskina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Model ◽  
Prognostic Index ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Luminal Breast Cancer ◽  
Her2 Overexpression ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Expression Levels

Luminal HER2-negative breast cancer (BC) detected at early stages is characterized by a relatively favorable course. However, in some cases, there may be a relapse of the disease regardless of the treatment. The aim of the study was to identify predictors of recurrence of primary resectable luminal HER2-negative breast cancer. Materials and Methods. The authors examined biopsies of patients’ breast tumors (n=158) with luminal HER2-negative breast cancer, stage T1-2N0-1M0, as well as anamnestic data of patients. All women were divided into 2 groups: with disease recurrence within the next 5 years after surgery (n=53) and relapse-free patients (n=105). Macroscopic tumor characteristics, its malignancy, total malignancy score, Nottingham prognostic index, Ki-67, expression of receptors for estrogen and progesterone and their influence on relapse were studied. The authors analyzed expression levels of miRNA (miRNA-21, miRNA-221, miRNA-222, miRNA-155, miRNA-205, miRNA-20a, miRNA-125b, miRNA-146b, miRNA-200a) in tumor tissues. Statistical data processing was performed using Statistica 7 (StatSoft Inc., USA) and MedCalc (version 15.2) software. Results. Comparative analysis of miRNA expression levels between groups of patients with recurrent breast cancer (n=21) and relapse-free patients (n=20) revealed a statistically significant increase in the expression levels of miRNA-21, miRNA-205, miRNA-146b, and miRNA-200a in the group with recurrent disease. The authors established the predictive role of the ratios of the expression levels of potentially oncogenic and tumor suppressive miRNA-21/miRNA-155 and miRNA-21/miRNA-205, as well as the role of miRNA-20a in breast cancer recurrence in combination with Ki-67, disease stage, and primary tumor size. Based on the data obtained, they developed a prognostic model to determine the recurrence of primary operable luminal HER2-negative breast cancer. Conclusion. The created prognostic model allows to clearly stratify the prognosis of primary operable luminal HER2-negative breast cancer. Keywords: primary resectable luminal breast cancer without HER2 overexpression, recurrence prognosis, miRNA. Люминальный HER2-негативный рак молочной железы (РМЖ), выявленный на ранних стадиях, характеризуется относительно благоприятным течением. Однако в ряде случаев возникает рецидив заболевания независимо от проведенного лечения. Цель исследования – выявить предикторы рецидивирования первично операбельного люминального HER2-негативного РМЖ. Материалы и методы. Исследовались биоптаты опухолей молочной железы пациенток (n=158) с люминальным HER2-негативным РМЖ стадии T1-2N0-1M0, а также анамнестические данные пациенток. Все женщины были разделены на 2 группы: с рецидивом заболевания в течение последующих 5 лет после проведения операции (n=53) и с безрецидивным течением (n=105). Изучены макроскопические характеристики опухоли, степень злокачественности, суммарный балл злокачественности, Ноттингемский прогностический индекс, Ki-67, экспрессия рецепторов к эстрогену и прогестерону и их влияние на возникновение рецидива. Проведен анализ уровней экспрессии миРНК (миРНК-21, миРНК-221, миРНК-222, миРНК-155, миРНК-205, миРНК-20а, миРНК-125b, миРНК-146b, миРНК-200a) в тканях опухолей. Статистическая обработка данных произведена с помощью программ Statistica 7 (StatSoft Inc., США) и MedCalc (версия 15.2). Результаты. Сравнительный анализ уровней экспрессии миРНК между группами пациенток с рецидивом РМЖ (n=21) и безрецидивным течением (n=20) выявил статистически значимое повышение уровней экспрессии миРНК-21, миРНК-205, миРНК-146b и миРНК-200a в группе с рецидивом заболевания. Установлена предсказывающая роль соотношений уровней экспрессии потенциально онкогенных и онкосупрессорных миРНК-21/миРНК-155 и миРНК-21/миРНК-205, а также роль миРНК-20a в возникновении рецидива РМЖ в сочетании с Кi-67, стадией заболевания, размером первичной опухоли. На основе полученных данных разработана прогностическая модель определения рецидива первично операбельного люминального HER2-негативного РМЖ. Выводы. Созданная прогностическая модель позволяет четко стратифицировать прогноз первично операбельного люминального HER2-негативного РМЖ. Ключевые слова: первично операбельный люминальный рак молочной железы без гиперэкспрессии HER2, прогноз рецидива, миРНК.

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