Sex Factors in the Metabolic Syndrome as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease

Some studies indicated a relationship between increased serum levels of osteoprotegerin with arterial calcification and as a result, it leads to the risk of cardiovascular disease. In our study group we selected patients with osteoporosis, with similar age and body mass index for the assessment of the relationship between cardiovascular disease and osteoprotegerin serum level. We took into account the analysis of correlation and association between the presence of distinct patterns of atherosclerosis and associated diseases like high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, low HDL cholesterol, increased LDL cholesterol, increased triglycerides and was the case of presence of any type of dyslipidemia, in case of pre-existent treatment. Objective of study was the assessment of osteoprotegerin value as predictive marker for cardiovascular and metabolic risk in osteoporotic patients. Our results showed significant correlations of parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin and biochemical markers of bone with glucose metabolism and lipid were found in our research, maintaining crosstalk between calcium and biochemical markers of bone and cardiovascular risk. The serum level of Osteoprotegerin has been shown to have a large predictive value for the metabolic syndrome as a cardiovascular risk standard in patients with osteoporosis. The osteoprotegerin serum levels were increased in the patients with metabolic syndrome as a protective response facing the atherosclerotic lesions.

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Different definitions of the metabolic syndrome and risk for recurrent cardiovascular disease

Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology &#38 Metabolism ◽

10.1038/ncpendmet0272 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2 (9) ◽

pp. 492-493

Author(s):

W Virgil Brown

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

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Prostate Cancer, Androgen Deprivation Therapy, Obesity, the Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease

American Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1097/coc.0b013e318201a406 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 504-509 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Andrew Collier ◽

Sujoy Ghosh ◽

Brian McGlynn ◽

Graham Hollins

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽

Androgen Deprivation ◽

Syndrome Type ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

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Gap analysis of pediatric reference intervals for risk biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome

Clinical Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.02.013 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 569-587 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Sepideh Mansoub ◽

Man Khun Chan ◽

Khosrow Adeli

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Gap Analysis ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Risk Biomarkers

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Abstract P189: Associations between Lactation and Maternal Measures of Total and Regional Adiposity 15 Years Postpartum: Results from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.ap189 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽

Author(s):

Candace K McClure ◽

Christina M Shay ◽

Ping G Tepper ◽

Molly B Conroy ◽

Barbara Sternfeld ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Women’S Health ◽

Women's Health ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Lower Leg ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Regional Adiposity

Objective: It has been reported that mothers who do not breastfeed are at an increased risk of T2DM, metabolic syndrome, and CVD. We hypothesize that lactation may influence cardio-metabolic risk by altering maternal body composition. We examined the extent to which lactation was associated with regional and total adiposity in a sample of US women 15 years after their last birth. Study Design : Cross-sectional analysis of data provided by 1,268 women aged 45-58 who enrolled in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (1996 -1997). Adiposity was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. History of lactation was self-reported and categorized into three groups: mothers who breastfed for ≥3 months after every birth, those who discontinued lactation within 3 months of some births, and those who never breastfed. Results: Compared with mothers who breastfed after every birth for at least 3 months, mothers who never breastfed had 0.87 kg greater trunk fat mass (FM), 1.3% greater % trunk FM, 1.3% lower % leg FM, and 0.075 greater trunk to leg FM ratio after adjustment for age, parity, height, years since last birth, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic, lifestyle, psychological, and family history variables, maximum gestational weight gain, and menopausal status. After additional adjustment for current BMI, women who never breastfed had 0.40 kg greater trunk FM and 0.053 greater trunk to leg FM ratio than mothers who breastfed every child for ≥3 months. Similarly, mothers who discontinued lactation within 3 months of some births had 0.28 kg greater trunk FM and 0.87% lower % leg FM than mothers who consistently breastfed. Conclusion : Women who did not breastfeed for at least 3 months after every birth exhibit less favorable body fat distributions 15 years postpartum. These results provide a potential physiologic basis for prior findings that women who do not breastfeed their children face increased risk of diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Given existing disparities in rates of lactation, obesity and CVD, these findings have great clinical relevance and suggest the need for targeted lactation support for women at risk of cardiovascular disease.

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Reversal Rate of Clustering of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in the General Population: The Niigata Preventive Medicine Study

Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1155/2010/623593 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shinsuke Okada ◽

Akiko Suzuki ◽

Hiroshi Watanabe ◽

Toru Watanabe ◽

Yoshifusa Aizawa

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Reversal Rate ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

The reversal rate from clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors—components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is not known.Methods and Results. Among 35,534 subjects who received the annual health examinations at the NiigataHealth Foundation (Niigata, Japan), 4,911 subjects had clustering of 3 or more of the following CVD risk factors: (1) body mass index (BMI) ≥25 Kg/m2, (2) blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg in systolic and/or ≥85 mm Hg in diastolic, (3) triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, (4) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≤40 mg/dL in men, ≤50 mg/dL in women, and (5) fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dL. After 5 years 1,929 subjects had a reversal of clustering (39.4%). A reversal occurred more often in males. The subjects with a reversal of clustering had milder level of each risk factor and a smaller number of risk factors, while BMI was associated with the least chance of a reversal.Conclusion. We concluded that a reversal of clustering CVD risk factors is possible in 4/10 subjects over a 5-year period by habitual or medical interventions. Gender and each CVD risk factor affected the reversal rate adversely, and BMI was associated with the least chance of a reversal.

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