scholarly journals Major behavioral risk factors for road traffic injuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Svetlana COCIU ◽  
Olga IONCU ◽  
Camelia CAZACU-STRATU ◽  
Serghei CEBANU ◽  
Cara HAMANN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
Data Limitations

Introduction. Road traffic injuries are a major public health problem, ranking 8th in the leading causes of death and are forecasted to rank 5th by 2030 worldwide. Children, pedestrians, cyclists and the elderly remain among those most at risk of road traffic injuries. Material and methods. A specialized literature search was conducted within the main international databases, including: PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Research Gate, using a set of inclusion criteria. Data from references were extracted systematically into results tables, including: author/citation, study design, assessments/data, limitations, and key facts. Reported outcomes were compiled in narrative form. Results. Many researchers and scientists both in the country and abroad have studied road injuries. Authors of the studies used different methods and obtained obvious data about road traumas and major risk factors. Among the main causes of unintentional motor vehicle injuries were excessive speed, alcohol consumption while driving, mental disorder, drugs, and unsupervised children. There is an increasing incidence of road injuries among children, and most of the road traffic crashes involving children occur in May-September, between 11.00 and 18.00. The obtained results motivate the need to study this topic in depth, on separate age groups, and to propose specific prevention measures for each actor involved. Conclusions. There are many factors, which contributes to road crashes and related injuries, but those requires multisectoral involvement.

Risk factors for road transport–related injury among pedestrians in rural Ghana: Implications for road safety education

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 880-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enoch Teye-Kwadjo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Rural Ghana ◽  
Road Design

Objectives: Injuries and mortality resulting from pedestrian road traffic crashes are a major public health problem in Ghana. This study investigated risk factors for road transport-related injury among pedestrians in rural Ghana. Design: Case study design using qualitative data. Method: In-depth interviews were conducted with pedestrians. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the responses. Results: Findings showed that participants considered road design, roadside trading, inconsiderate driving, pedestrian traffic behaviour, low pedestrian crash risk perception and parental negligence as important determinants of road transport-related injury among pedestrians in rural Ghana. Conclusion: These findings suggest that safe pedestrian road environments and health-enhancing traffic attitudes and behaviour may help reduce the pedestrian crash problem in rural Ghana.

scholarly journals Injury Metrics for Assessing the Risk of Acute Subdural Hematoma in Traumatic Events

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13296
Author(s):  
Silvia García-Vilana ◽  
David Sánchez-Molina ◽  
Juan Velázquez-Ameijide ◽  
Jordi Llumà
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mechanical Failure ◽  
Acute Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Fall From Height ◽  
Safety Countermeasures

Worldwide, the ocurrence of acute subdural hematomas (ASDHs) in road traffic crashes is a major public health problem. ASDHs are usually produced by loss of structural integrity of one of the cerebral bridging veins (CBVs) linking the parasagittal sinus to the brain. Therefore, to assess the risk of ASDH it is important to know the mechanical conditions to which the CBVs are subjected during a potentially traumatic event (such as a traffic accident or a fall from height). Recently, new studies on CBVs have been published allowing much more accurate prediction of the likelihood of mechanical failure of CBVs. These new data can be used to propose new damage metrics, which make more accurate predictions about the probability of occurrence of ASDH in road crashes. This would allow a better assessement of the effects of passive safety countermeasures and, consequently, to improve vehicle restraint systems. Currently, some widely used damage metrics are based on partially obsolete data and measurements of the mechanical behavior of CBVs that have not been confirmed by subsequent studies. This paper proposes a revision of some existing metrics and constructs a new metric based on more accurate recent data on the mechanical failure of human CBVs.

scholarly journals Assessment of Tire Safety Knowledge among Private and Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Samson Clarence Emelike ◽  
Eberechukwu Lolly Mbanaso ◽  
Chris Akunneh-Wariso ◽  
Doreen Osasogie Enejoh ◽  
Cornelius Ezenwa Adiele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Private Vehicle ◽  
Safety Knowledge

<p><em>It is estimated that road traffic crashes account for the death of about 1.25 million people each year, and it is the leading cause of death among youth between ages 15-29 years (WHO, 2016). Low and middle-income countries have about half of the world’s vehicle, and yet account for 90% of the world’s fatal accidents (WHO, 2016). Among the key risk factors for road accidents are speed, drink-driving, motorcycle helmets, seat-belts and child restraints, distracted driving (WHO, 2016). Tires maintenance or factors relating to the tire were not identified as risk factors by WHO. However, in Nigeria, it was estimated that between the years 2011 and 2015, tire bursts accounted for 7.8% of total causes of traffic crash in Nigeria (FRSC, 2016). </em></p><p><strong><em>Objective:</em></strong><em> This research aims to assess whether private vehicle drivers have better tire safety knowledge than commercial vehicle drivers in Nigeria. </em></p><p><strong><em>Methodology:</em></strong><em> The research employed a cross sectional study design on 454 motor vehicle drivers (commercial vehicle drivers n=233 and private vehicle drivers n=221). A simple, well-structured questionnaire was applied to them and data collected.</em></p><p><strong><em>Data analysis:</em></strong><em> The result was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). </em></p><p><strong><em>Result: </em></strong><em>The result showed an evidence supporting a relationship between driver’s category and possession of tire safety knowledge. We conclude therefore that private vehicle drivers in Nigeria are more likely to have adequate tire safety knowledge than commercial vehicle drivers.</em></p>

PW 1092 Prevalence of behavioral risk factors for road traffic injuries in three south american cities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres I Vecino-Ortiz ◽  
Katharine A Allen ◽  
Flavio Cunto ◽  
Gabriel Andreuccetti ◽  
Luis Angel Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
South American ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
American Cities

scholarly journals Road traffic injuries in northern Laos: trends and risk factors of an underreported public health problem

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1578-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günther Slesak ◽  
Saythong Inthalath ◽  
Annelies Wilder-Smith ◽  
Hubert Barennes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries

Substance Abuse and Drug-Related Death, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide: A Review

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mino ◽  
Arnaud Bousquet ◽  
Barbara Broers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

MEASLES OUTBREAK IN A RURAL AREA OF A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Mir M Hassan Bullo ◽  
Mirza Amir Baig ◽  
Jawad Faisal Malik ◽  
Ejaz Ahmad Khan ◽  
Muazam Abbas Ranjha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
District Health ◽  
Active Case

Background: Measles is highly contagious vaccine preventable disease (VPD), and a major public health problem considered as leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Pakistan. An outbreak of measles was reported in Sharifabad Islamabad on 15th of April 2017, and an investigation was launched to assess the magnitude of outbreak, evaluate risk factors and recommend control measures. Methods: A comprehensive house to house active case search along with vaccine coverage survey was conducted from April 19-22, 2017. A case was defined as "onset of maculopapular rash with fever in a resident of Sharifabad with at least one of the following signs/ symptoms, Coryza, Conjunctivitis, Cough, Otitis media or Pneumonia present in between 19 March to 22nd April 2017". Four age & sex matched controls were selected from the neighborhood. Data was collected through interview method using structured questionnaire and vaccination coverage was determined by using Epi survey form. Blood samples were sent for laboratory confirmation. Results: A total of eight cases were identified through active case finding while three were reported by local practitioner. Mean age of cases were 20 months (range 8-36 months). Severely affected age-group was 1-2 years with attack rate of 46%. Around two-third (64%) of cases and a few (16%) of controls were unvaccinated against measles. Contact with measles patient [OR 25.2, CI 3.9-160.1, P=0.00], unvaccinated children [OR 9.2 CI 2.12-40.4, P=0.000], social misconception regarding vaccination [OR 7.8 CI 1.42-42.6, P=0.00], and distance from healthcare facility [OR 5.7 CI 1.15-28.35, P=0.02] were significant risk factors. Vaccine efficacy was 90%. Conclusion: Main reasons of the outbreak were contact with the cases, and low vaccination status. We recommended comprehensive measles vaccination and community awareness sessions. On our recommendations district health authority Islamabad carried out mop up of whole area.

scholarly journals Predictive risk factors towards liver fluke infection among the people in Kamalasai District, Kalasin Province, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205031211984020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woragon Wichaiyo ◽  
Wirat Parnsila ◽  
Wisit Chaveepojnkamjorn ◽  
Banchob Sripa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Fluke Infection ◽  
Raw Fish ◽  
Predictive Risk ◽  
Liver Fluke Infection

Background: Liver fluke disease caused by Opisthorchis viverrini remains a major public health problem with its crucial risk factors caused by some individual habits or false beliefs among the people in northeastern Thailand concerning the consumption of raw fish meat dishes. Objectives: This study explores the predictive risk factors for the infection of liver fluke disease. Methods: The sample consisted of 400 people aged 30 years and above in Thanya sub-district, Kamalasai district, Kalasin province. A cross-sectional analytic study, using the χ2 test, odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, was used to find the influence of each variable, along with the use of multiple logistic regression (p = 0.05). A questionnaire form was used as the research instrument. Results: Factors found in the results are as follows: households with a cat were 7.00 times more at risk than households without a cat; eating raw fish dishes prepared by themselves increases the risk of infection by 2.58 times; eating raw fish dishes prepared by family members increases the risk by 4.74 times; and raw fish dishes bought from a community market increases the risk by 2.33 times. Conclusion: A campaign should be launched to educate people not to eat raw or undercooked fish dishes, but to fully cook fish dishes before eating, as the food is still delicious, but also safe, healthy, and free from liver fluke infection.

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