Planning as a Tool of State Industrial Policy: the Experience of France

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Rassadina
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Public Economic ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
Further Development

Russian economy continues to remain in depression and enhancing scientific-technological lag in comparison with economically developed countries. In these circumstances the problems of structural transformation on the basis of re-industrialization and technological modernization become vital for further development. Implementation of different kinds of economic regulation and planning, as an important instrument of industrial policy, is the necessary condition for the solution of this task. In this regard, the experience of such regulation and implementation of different kinds of planning in particular, in foreign countries, seems to be of great importance. On the basis of theoretical researches and expert estimates of western and Russian economists, the author analyses the experience of implementation of indicative planning and other kinds of public economic regulation in France in the context of its possible use for solution of the problem of technological modernization of Russian economy.

scholarly journals ОПЫТ ИНДИКАТИВНОГО ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ ВО ФРАНЦИИ В СВЕТЕ ЗАДАЧИ СТРУКТУРНОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Alla Rassadina
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Further Development

Russian economy finds itself in a deep protracted depression and enhancing scientific- technological lag in comparison with economically developed countries. In these circumstances, when the problems of structural transformation on the basis of re-industrialization, and technological modernization become vital for further development, implementation of different kinds of planning as an instrument of industrial policy definitely rises on the agenda. In this regard, the experience of planning methods implementation in foreign countries seems to be of a great importance.

St. Petersburg industrial policy: Determining the factors of structural changes in industry through Shift-Share Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 909-939
Author(s):  
M.V. Dement'ev
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Positive Results

Subject. This article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation of industrial policy and the structural transformation of the manufacturing industry in St. Petersburg. Objectives. The article aims to justify the priority of the industry-based approach to industrial policy in St. Petersburg and determine its effectiveness by highlighting the factors of structural transformation of the city's manufacturing industry using the Shift-Share Analysis method. Methods. For the study, I used logical, statistical, and factor analyses. Results. Based on shift-share analysis, the study highlights positive results of industrial policy in the development of certain industries in St. Petersburg, as well as those industries that require further development of urban industrial policy. Conclusions. Despite the fact that the industry of St. Petersburg as a whole has become more stable, problems in the development of mechanical engineering and production of computers, electronic and optical products have not yet been solved.

scholarly journals On the current situation with the russian language in the cis and foreign countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
N. D. Afanasieva
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Russian Language

In recent years, the situation with the Russian language presence in the CIS and foreign countries has changed. Statesmen of range of former Soviet republics in their plans to involve schoolchildren and students in further development of relations with Russia and encourage the use, the Russian language in their work, consider the possibility of the labor market expansion, closer cooperation in the sphere of education in Russian largest universities, and of science partnership with Russian scientific institutions. Europe, Asia and Africa face an increase in interest in the studying of the Russian language. Homever, its position declines in some countries, for example in Germany. Russian was a compulsory course in public schools of former socialist countries till 1990, but after the collapse of the socialist system, their governments abandoned this practice. But in recent years Russian language is gaining popularity among students, for example, in Poland and the Czech Republic. The Chinese, South Koreans and the Indian people also show interest in studying Russian language, literature and culture. En Africa Russian is spoken by the graduates of Russian universities and people who worked with Russian partners. Due to positive changes in the Russian economy, its business relations with foreign partners, and the need to communicate in Russian when working together, there is some increase in the number of foreigners who choose to study the Russian language. En addition, this is often associated with the desire to learn Russian language in order to embrace national Russian values.

scholarly journals Recycling of Polymers – An Opportunity or a Threat to the Economy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01058
Author(s):  
Alfira Khaertdinova ◽  
Dilbar Sultanova ◽  
Dinara Iskhakova ◽  
Albert Karimov
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Polymer Industry ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Current Reality

Products of the polymer industry today are everywhere. They have penetrated both our daily life and the development of high-tech industries. In the current reality, new technologies are developing at a rapid pace and pose new challenges to the polymer industry. However, with the growth of production and consumption of plastics, the problem of recycling waste from the polymer industry has gradually become more acute. This article analyzes the production of plastics, their utilization and assesses the prospects for further development of the industry in developed countries. Separately, the issues of solving these problems in Europe are studied as a model of managing the recycling process and possible borrowing the experience for the Russian economy.

scholarly journals DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVEMENT OF THE TAX SYSTEM OF UKRAINE ON THE BASIS OF ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN STATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4(106)) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Є. М. Найдьон ◽  
В. А. Сандул
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
Business Entities

The relevance of the article is that one of the largest economic areas of state regulation of Ukraine's economy is taxation. After all, it is through taxes that economic relations and the interests of the state, regions, citizens of the state and business entities are regulated. With the advent of the state there is a need to pay taxes to form the state budget. Therefore, they are an attribute of the state. Taxes are known to be an integral part of the financial system on which the normal functioning of the state is based. The activity of the tax system of our state is first of all closely connected with economic, political or any other situation. That is why it can be argued that the state of the tax system is influenced by the level of development in the country, developed legislation and progressive changes. The tax systems of different countries operate on different principles, and therefore taxes are collected differently in them, and the purposes for which they are intended are different. However, the composition and structure of the Ukrainian tax system is to some extent similar to the tax systems of developed countries, and needs further improvement taking into account their experience. The purpose of the article is to analyze the tax systems of foreign countries and formulate proposals to improve the mechanism of its functioning and directions of reforming the modern tax system of Ukraine. It is concluded that the successful construction of the tax system is an important condition for Ukraine's integration into the world market. Reforming the tax legislation of Ukraine is a necessary condition for the effective operation of the economic system as a whole. Thus, the study shows the imperfection of the domestic tax system and the need to improve it in accordance with and taking into account the experience of progressive tax systems of foreign countries. Thus, the creation of a tax system that will focus on domestic producers and at the same time promote new investment, economic development, competitiveness, providing benefits and advantages to new and technologically updated enterprises will help fill the state budget. Reducing the rates of the single social contribution, according to the legislator, will help increase the economic activity of businesses that find themselves in a difficult financial situation due to the economic downturn and financial and economic crisis and will help displace the shadow economy.

scholarly journals DIGITALIZATION OF SERVICES IN FREIGHT ENTERPRISES

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Maksymchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The One ◽  
Further Development

The process of introduction of digital technologies in the process of cargo transportation were investigated. The process of implementing digital technologies is associated with certain competitive risks: on the one hand, there is a tendency to consolidate the market and the emergence of large multimodal transportation companies, which can lead to the abuse of a dominant position. On the other hand, now the industry can include companies that do not have a transport base, but only have an effective application platform. Regulators need to take into account new trends and develop their own services to obtain timely and reliable information about the state of competition in the market. The introduction of digital technologies leads to the emergence and development of new businesses and changes in competition in existing product markets. The field of freight, which existed before the fourth industrial revolution, also faced the need for strong changes in the digital transformation: changed the companies themselves, internal rules of conduct, ways of interaction between them and with regulators. Measures of economic regulation should take into account new trends in the development of industries and promote (or at least not hinder) further development, especially in key areas of the economy. Such areas include the transport sector, which is strategically important to support to improve the country's investment climate. Digitization, on the one hand, provides additional benefits for large market players, which can create barriers to entry, but on the other hand, it allows players to enter from "neighboring" markets through integrated services. Regulators need to take into account the application of such innovations, adapt legislation to reduce the risk of regulation and apply the experience of foreign countries. The subject of the study is the actual digitization and provision of digitization services in the circle of freight companies, as well as the tools that must be used. The object of research is digitalization services and their relevance today.

TIMELY AND ADEQUATE MEASURES TO SUPPORT THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY AND POPULATION DURING THE PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-70
Author(s):  
Oksana M. Makhalina ◽  
◽  
Viktor N. Makhalin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Budget Support ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Global Background

The article considers measures of state support for the population and economy of Russia and summarizes the world experience of the budget support in some foreign countries affected by the coronavirus pandemic. The research and generalization performed in the following areas: applied forms of support, methods of financing, particularities in supporting the financial sector, manufacturing sector, small and medium business, population, social sphere, health care, support of regions. The study took into account two negative factors: the rapid spread of COVID-19 and its harmful impact on the global economy; the collapse in oil prices and the depreciation of the ruble. Under the influence of those factors, the Russian economy in the second quarter of 2020, according to Rosstat, declined by 8% year – on-year, and for the first half of the year-by 3.4%. The country’s GDP, according to the Ministry of economic development, decreased by 4.3% in annual terms, and for 8 months from the beginning of this year by 3.6%.Given the circumstances, the Government of the Russian Federation and the Bank of Russia developed a national plan for the recovery of the Russian economy in 2020–2021, which was adopted and approved by the Government on September 23, 2020. The consequences of COVID-19 have negatively affected the actions of most European companies in Russia. With more than half of them (56%), sales fell, and a third of companies (33%) had to cut their advertising and marketing research budgets (21%).The article assesses the economic situation of Russia against the global background. Although the economies of the US, UK, and EU countries have fallen much more deeply than the Russian one, they will recover sooner than we do, since these countries have invested significantly more money in supporting their economies than Russia. We have allocated no more than 3% of GDP to support the economy, while in developed countries at least 10%, and in Germany – 22%.The pandemic has hit small and medium-sized businesses the hardest for two reasons: a reduction in the number of consumers and increasing costs, and, first of all, rental rates. To restore small and medium-sized businesses, it is proposed to provide monetary support directly to the population in order to raise effective demand, or partially remove the tax and administrative burden on entrepreneurs. In conclusion, taking into account foreign experience and the real state of the economy, recommendations for its recovery are formulated.

scholarly journals On the level of the tax burden in the Russian economy and the possibilities to reduce it without reducing tax revenues

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
M. M. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Specific Calculations

In article on the basis of specific calculations the author shows the level of tax burden of the economy and some manufacturing industries in Russia in comparison with foreign countries. On average, this level is about 1.4–1.8 times higher in Russia compared to most developed countries. In order to reduce the tax burden on the business proposes to modernize tax policy in Russia on two fronts. The first direction involves redistribution of gravity of taxation from legal enties to physical with the introduction of their progressive income tax. The second direction to reduce the tax burden, the author relates an urgent need to modernize the depreciation policy in Russia, which should allow to accelerate the pace of economic growth. This direction in the process of reproduction, the author considers as a manifestation of the «new economy», the characteristic feature of which is the active use of «soft power» aimed at forcing the business to better use its profits on investment.

Towards New Policy Incentives for Fixed Capital Investment and Technological Upgrades in Russia

2011 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
A. Apokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Fixed Capital ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
Fixed Capital Investment ◽  
Policy Incentives

The paper approaches the problem of private fixed capital underinvestment in Russia. The author uses empirical studies of the Russian economy and cases of successful technological modernization to outline several groups of disincentives for private companies to perform fixed capital investment in Russia. To counter these constraints, a certain incentive-based economic policy framework is developed.

How to Assure Stable Development in Unstable Financial Environment?

2007 ◽  
pp. 4-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Stock Market ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Financial Environment

Growing involvement of Russian economy in international economic sphere increases the role of external risks. Financial problems which the developed countries are encountered with today result in volatility of Russian stock market, liquidity problems for banks, unstable prices. These factors in total may put longer-term prospects of economic growth in jeopardy. Monetary, foreign exchange and stock market mechanisms become the centerpiece of economic policy approaches which should provide for stable development in the shaky environment.

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