scholarly journals The Khon Clan and the Sakyapas

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2021/1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa Péter
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Significant Power ◽  
The Family ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
First Time

Khon Konchog Gyalpo, the main disciple of Drogmi, founded a monastery at Sakya. It was this monastery that gave its name to the whole monastic order of Drogmi. Konchog was a member of the Khon clan, the family that went on to produce the successive abbots or chief lamas of Sakya who have continued as the heads of this order ever since. The succession of abbots within the family was established on the father-to-son or uncle-to-nephew pattern. In the instance of an abbot remaining celibate, it was his brother or a close relative who continued the family line and oversaw the monastery’s worldly affairs; when the abbot died, he was succeeded by one of his nephews. The Sakyas reached the summit of political power when Sakya Pandita and Phagpa won the confidence and favour of Mongolian khans. The Sakyas were appointed as regents of Tibet, whereby Tibet became subject to a single political authority for the first time after the collapse of the monarchy. The aim of this paper is to show the development of the Khon clan, how a minor aristocratic family was transformed into a significant power in Tibet in both historical and religious aspects, through the efforts of some prominent members of Khon family.

An overview of the Ephydridae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4711 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-445
Author(s):  
HASSAN A. DAWAH ◽  
SYED K. AHMAD ◽  
MOHAMMED A. ABDULLAH ◽  
TADEUSZ ZATWARNICKI
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
World Wide ◽  
New Records ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
Biodiversity Study ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Future Work ◽  
First Time

Despite the species richness of Ephydridae world-wide (2000 species) and its prominent environmental roles as a minor pest and as a food for wildlife, only 13 species have been recorded from Saudi Arabia. Between 2012 and 2016, a biodiversity study of Diptera was conducted at Jazan, Asir, and Najran in south-western Saudi Arabia, at 22 sites, was performed mainly using Malaise traps and sweep nets. In this study, 43 known species of Ephydridae were identified, 37 of them for the first time from southwestern Saudi Arabia and 16 from Arabian Peninsula. This brings the total number of Ephydridae species in Saudi Arabia to 49 (including previous records). There were a further four species, which could not be identified authoritatively to species level. A list of all species of Ephydridae recorded from Saudi Arabia is appended. Images of thirty-two species are presented. The species recorded in this study are more Palaearctic in origin as compared to other regions. Biological information (where known) and world-wide distribution are included. This study has added new records to the Saudi Arabian checklist of Ephydridae, which will provide the basis for systematic studies and fauna analyses of future work on the family. The need for further field and laboratory work and surveillance is highlighted. 

HbQ-Iran [α75 (EF4) Asp→His]/−α3.7/β° IVSII.1 G→A in an Iranian Child: First Reported Case.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3783-3783
Author(s):  
Adriana Muniz ◽  
Ronald L. Nagel ◽  
Zhoreh Rahimi ◽  
Asad V. Raygani ◽  
Reza Akramipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Microcytic Anemia ◽  
Globin Genes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Moderate Anemia ◽  
Alpha Globin ◽  
Iranian Child ◽  
Hb S ◽  
A Minor ◽  
First Time

Abstract HbQ-Iran [α75 (EF4) Asp→His] is an α-chain variant first described in 1970, which substitution is not involved in the interchain contacts of hemoglobin. It has a slow-moving migration pattern on cellulose acetate at alkaline pH, that resembles the Hb S, but with normal solubility. The quantity of this variant in the heterozygous state has been reported to be 17–19%. Heterozygotes individuals with HbQ-Iran are hematologically asymptomatic and the combination with α+-thalassemia and β0- thalassemia has not been reported up to now. We here described the hematological characteristics of a 5 years old child referred to the clinic of Kermanshah University. Physical examination revealed no enlargement of the spleen, and the initial blood count indicated a mild microcytic anemia with low levels of Hb (10g/dL), a hematocrit of 30.5% and low MCV and MCH (59.3fL and 19.6pg) respectively. DNA analysis revealed the presence of HbQ-Iran, −α3.7 kb deletion of the alpha globin genes and also the presence of the mutation (IVSII.1.G→A) β0-thalassemia in the child. The study of the family revealed the presence of a minor β-thalassemia in the father and the HbQ-Iran in the mother. Both parents were heterozygous for the −α3.7 deletion (−α3.7/α α) in the α-globin genes. The coinheritance of HbQ-Iran with −α3.7 deletion and β-thalassemia resulted in an elevation of the levels of HbQ-Iran to 22.4%. However, the remainder hematological values of the young patient indicated a significant reduction in MCV (59.3 fL) and MCH (19.6 pg), an elevation of HbF (6.3%) and of HbA2 (3.7%) according to a picture of a minor β-thalassemia. This result demonstrated that HbQ-Iran is a benign structural variant, that in combination with β0-thalassemia and in the presence of a α+-thalassemia, produce a minor β-thalassemia picture with moderate anemia and elevation of HbF. The application of DNA technologies allowed the identification for the first time of the presence in one individual of three already known mutations, emphasizing the unique genetic heterogeneity of this population.

13-Vertex Carbacobaltaboranes: Synthesis and Molecular Structures of the 4,1,6-, 4,1,8- and 4,1,12-Isomers of Cp*CoC2B10H12

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 991-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Burke ◽  
Ruaraidh McIntosh ◽  
David Ellis ◽  
Georgina M. Rosair ◽  
Alan J. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Properties ◽  
Crystallographic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Crystallographic Study ◽  
The Family ◽  
Partial Degradation ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
A Minor ◽  
First Time

Attempted crystallographic studies of the known compounds 4-Cp-4,1,8-closo-CoC2B10H12 and 4-Cp-4,1,12-closo-CoC2B10H12 were frustrated because of disorder which was impossible satisfactorily to model. Thus the family of Cp* compounds 4-Cp*-4,1,6-closo-CoC2B10H12, 4-Cp*-4,1,8-closo-CoC2B10H12 and 4-Cp*-4,1,12-closo-CoC2B10H12 were prepared. The 11B NMR spectroscopic properties of these compounds are closely similar to those of their Cp analogues. All three compounds were studied crystallographically. The 4,1,8- and 4,1,12-species are isomorphous and partially disordered, however the disorder was successfully modelled and structural analyses of 4,1,8- and 4,1,12-MC2B10 compounds are reported for the first time. A new technique for distinguishing between cage C and B atoms in crystallographic study of (hetero)carboranes is reported. The 12-vertex compound 3-Cp*-3,1,2-closo-CoC2B9H11 is formed as a minor co-product along with 4-Cp*-4,1,6-closo-CoC2B10H12 and is believed to result from partial degradation of the latter. The 12-vertex species has also been subjected to crystallographic analysis.

Buried Narratives: Exhuming the Mother's Story in Oliver Twist

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-266
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Law ◽  
First Time ◽  
Critical Consideration

Initially, Oliver Twist (1839) might seem representative of the archetypal male social plot, following an orphan and finding him a place by discovering the father and settling the boy within his inheritance. But Agnes Fleming haunts this narrative, undoing its neat, linear transmission. This reconsideration of maternal inheritance and plot in the novel occurs against the backdrop of legal and social change. I extend the critical consideration of the novel's relationship to the New Poor Law by thinking about its reflection on the bastardy clauses. And here, of course, is where the mother enters. Under the bastardy clauses, the responsibility for economic maintenance of bastard children was, for the first time, legally assigned to the mother, relieving the father of any and all obligation. Oliver Twist manages to critique the bastardy clauses for their release of the father, while simultaneously embracing the placement of the mother at the head of the family line. Both Oliver and the novel thus suggest that it is the mother's story that matters, her name through which we find our own. And by containing both plots – that of the father and the mother – Oliver Twist reveals the violence implicit in traditional modes of inheritance in the novel and under the law.

Faktor-Faktor Determinan yang melatar belakangi Kehamilan Remaja di Desa Pandansari Kecamatan Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
Maria Magdalena Setyaningsih ◽  
Emy Sutiyarsih
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Teen Pregnancy ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Kehamilan remaja adalah kehamilan yang terjadi pada remaja berusia kurang dari 20 tahunan. Kehamilan remaja memberikan banyak kerugian bagi kesehatan, mental dan psikologis, kesejahteraan ekonomi dan peluang karier, kemiskinan dan prospek kehidupan masa depan remaja. Tujuan penelitian mengidentifikasi faktor determinan yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya kehamilan remaja. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian analitik kategorik jenis survei kuantitatif dengan desain case control. Populasi semua perempuan yang bertempat tinggal di wilayah dusun Wonosari, Sukosari, dan Krajan Pandansari dan pernah/sedang hamil pertama kali pada usia kurang dari 20 tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel cluster random sampling besar sampel 73. Berdasarkan hasil model akhir analisis multivariat, diketahui bahwa variabel pendidikan, riwayat kehamilan remaja pada keluarga dan usia menikah merupakan variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kehamilan remaja setelah dikontrol oleh variabel akses informasi, responden berpendidikan rendah memiliki peluang 20,8 kali lebih tinggi, responden yang memiliki riwayat kehamilan remaja pada keluarga memiliki peluang 14,9 kali lebih tinggi, responden yang menikah pada usia <20 tahun memiliki peluang 12,1 kali lebih tinggi, responden dengan pemahaman yang kurang baik terkait penggunaan kondom memiliki peluang 5,9 kali lebih tinggi untuk terjadi kehamilan remaja. Oleh karena itu perlu dibangun karakter buiding, sosial karakter suport untuk para ibu remaja dan keluarga sehingga terbangun interaksi yang baik dalam keluarga yang dilandasi dengan pendidikan dan pemahaman yang baik tentang Pendidikan seksualitas. Teen pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs in adolescents aged less than 20 years old. Teen pregnancy provides many disadvantages for health, mental, psychological, economic well-being, career opportunities, poverty, and the future life. The aim of the study was to identify the determinants underlying teen pregnancy incidence. This study was a quantitative study with categorical analytic method. The study design used a case control with two comparison groups. The groups were control group and case group. The population in this study was all women who lived in the Wonosari, Sukosari, and Krajan Pandansari district and had or were pregnant for the first time at the age of less than 20 years old. Seventy three respondents were recruited using cluster sampling technique. The case group consists of women who were or had pregnant for the first time at the age of less than 20 years old and their children are currently aged ≤ 1 years old. The control group consists of women who were pregnant for the first time at the age of > 20 years old. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The findings showed that education, history of teen pregnancy in family and the age of marriage were related to the incidence of teen pregnancy after being controlled by information access. Low-educated respondents had 20.8 times higher chance of experiencing teen pregnancy; respondents with a history of teen pregnancy in the family had 4.9 times higher chance of experiencing teen pregnancy; respondents who were married at the age of < 20 years old had 12.1 times higher chance of experiencing teen pregnancy; respondents with poor understanding of condom use had 5.9 times higher chance of teenage pregnancy. In conclusion, the findings suggest to build good interactions in the family based on education and a good understanding of sex education.

New records of some rare species in the family Hyaloscyphaceae (Ascomycota, Helotiales) from Central Russia

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
E. S. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

Three rare species of discomycetes in the family Hyaloscyphaceae are reported from Central Russia (Oryol and Bryansk Regions). Proliferodiscus tricolor is recorded for the first time in Russia. Comments are made on Aeruginoscyphus sericeus and Eriopezia caesia previously reported only from Moscow Region and North Caucasus respectively.

Contribution to the flora of marine algae of the coastal zone of the northeastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
N. V. Evseeva
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Sea Of Okhotsk ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Herbarium Material ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
The Sea Of Okhotsk ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

The revision of the herbarium material, collected in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk in 1965–1966 and stored in VNIRO, allowed to expand the taxonomic list of macrophyte algae of the coastal zone of this area. The locations of discovery of 24 previously unmentioned species are described. Myrionema balticum, Ulvella repens, Syncoryne reinkei, Acrochaetium arcuatum were found in the Sea of Okhotsk for the first time. Most species new for the Sea of Okhotsk is represented by epiphytes of the family Ulvellaceae (Chlorophyta). The final taxonomic list of this region, including literature data, consists of 169 species.

New records of the true bugs (Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha, Pentatomomorpha) for the Northeast of European Russia

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-247
Author(s):  
A.N. Zinovjeva
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
European Russia ◽  
True Bugs ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

Twenty seven species of the true bugs from the families Anthocoridae, Reduviidae, Miridae (Cimicomorpha), Coreidae, Thyreocoridae, Acanthosomatidae, and Pentatomidae (Pentatomomorpha) are recorded from the Northeast of European Russia for the first time. The family Thyreocoridae is for the first time reported from the region.

Informalitas Dalam Formalitas: Sebuah Kajian Budaya Organisasi Perusahaan Keluarga

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Hardiyanti Munsi ◽  
Ahmad Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
The Family ◽  
Formal Organizations ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Big Men

This article intends to identify and to describe the unique structure and the managing style that owns primordial characteristics, that is giving significance to kinship, religion, and local Bugis cultural values, which made up the cultural system of PT. Hadji Kalla family business. Theoritically, this research was inspired from Weberian perspective on the ideal types of bureaucracy, that observes organizations (in this case is the family business) as one of the socio-cultural phenomena which is neutral and value-free, that is place aside its subjective aspects. The research was conducted in two locations, the head office and one of the branch offices using qualitative approach that relies on participant observation, in-depth interviews, and literature studies. The results of the research shows that the family business of PT. Hadji Kalla that has advanced into national level still prioritizes kinship, ethnicity, and religious aspects in the daily activities of the company. The value even take parts in providing the company’s colour to the urban societies in various districts where the company stands. This means that although the society has undergone transformations, it doesn’t mean that the primordial value, and the elements that exist outside of businesses (such as kinship, big men, religion, cultural values, and interest) do not influence the activities that are held in formal organizations. Therefore, the interventions of subjective aspects will always appear, followed with the application of the modern management system that is implemented by PT. Hadji Kalla company.

The impact of traditional plants and their secondary metabolites in the discovery of COVID-19 treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabana Bibi ◽  
Ayesha Sarfraz ◽  
Ghazala Mustafa ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Aurang Zeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Test System ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
System Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plant Sources

Background: Coronavirus Disease-2019 belongs to the family of viruses which cause a serious pneumonia along with fever, breathing issues and infection of lungs for the first time in China and later spread worldwide. Objective: Several studies and clinical trials have been conducted to identify potential drugs and vaccines for Coronavirus Disease-2019. The present study listed natural secondary metabolites identified from plant sources with antiviral properties and could be safer and tolerable treatment for Coronavirus Disease-2019. Methods: A comprehensive search on the reported studies was conducted using different search engine such as Google scholar, SciFinder, Sciencedirect, Medline PubMed, and Scopus for the collection of research articles based on plantderived secondary metabolites, herbal extracts, and traditional medicine for coronavirus infections. Results: Status of COVID-19 worldwide and information of important molecular targets involved in COVID-19 is described and through literature search, is highlighted that numerous plant species and their extracts possess antiviral properties and studied with respect to Coronavirus treatments. Chemical information, plant source, test system type with mechanism of action for each secondary metabolite is also mentioned in this review paper. Conclusion: The present review has listed plants that have presented antiviral potential in the previous coronavirus pandemics and their secondary metabolites which could be significant for the development of novel and a safer drug which could prevent and cure coronavirus infection worldwide.

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