Fish and Naval Forces: The Edwardian Background

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Robb Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Mass Consumption ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Varied Range ◽  
Fish Trade

This chapter describes Britain as the world's leading military and mercantile maritime nation that possessed the largest and most sophisticated fishing industry during the Edwardian era. It talks about the waters surrounding the British Isles that were home to countless species of fish, many of which were taken by different groups of fishermen in a diversity of locations using a varied range of catching equipment and craft. It also refers to the trawl and herring fisheries of the British fish trade that employed very large numbers of Edwardian fishermen and fishing vessels. The chapter analyzes the British trawling trade that had expanded markedly since the mid-nineteenth century when the construction of the national railway network provided reliable access to inland markets. It details how the railways helped make fresh white fish an article of cheap mass consumption in many burgeoning inland industrial towns and cities.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Robb Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Great War ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Fish Trade

This chapter analyses the role that fishermen and the fishing industry came to play in the Great War and the contribution they made to the British maritime war effort. It discusses mines that sunk many warships as one of the key reasons why fishermen and fishing vessels came to play a vital role on the maritime front line. It also recounts the Russo-Japanese War from 1904 to 1905 that had a dramatic, immediate, and profoundly direct impact on Hull fishermen. The chapter looks at the lessons learned from the Russo-Japanese War by naval strategists, which have long-term implications for the British fish trade and for the fishermen who manned the vessels. It describes the Great War as the first twentieth-century conflict in which both sides deployed a great deal of modern naval weaponry and products of the new military-industrial order.

Fishermen, the Fishing Industry and the Great War at Sea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robb Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Great War ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Recent Discussion ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Fish Trade

Recent discussion, academic publications and many of the national exhibitions relating to the Great War at sea have focused on capital ships, Jutland and perhaps U-boats. Very little has been published about the crucial role played by fishermen, fishing vessels and coastal communities all round the British Isles. Yet fishermen and armed fishing craft were continually on the maritime front line throughout the conflict; they formed the backbone of the Auxiliary Patrol and were in constant action against U-boats or engaged on unrelenting minesweeping duties. Approximately 3000 fishing vessels were requisitioned and armed by the Admiralty and more than 39,000 fishermen joined the Trawler Section of the Royal Naval Reserve. The class and cultural gap between working fishermen and many RN officers was enormous. This book examines the multifaceted role that fishermen and the fish trade played throughout the conflict. It examines the reasons why, in an age of dreadnoughts and other high-tech military equipment, so many fishermen and fishing vessels were called upon to play such a crucial role in the littoral war against mines and U-boats, not only around the British Isles but also off the coasts of various other theatres of war. The book analyses the nature of the fishing industry's war-time involvement and also the contribution that non-belligerent fishing vessels continued to play in maintaining the beleaguered nation's food supplies.

The Command of the Sea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Morgan-Owen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Naval Warfare ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Late Nineteenth

The Royal Navy thought about war in a particular way in the late nineteenth century. This chapter explains how the contemporary Navy understood strategy as it pertained to protecting the United Kingdom from invasion. By examining the different approaches taken to war against France and Germany between 1885 and 1900 it shows how the Admiralty understood the defence of the British Isles in this period in largely symmetrical terms. The battle fleet remained key to naval warfare and to preventing invasion, but it did not need to be shackled to the British coastline in order to prevent a hostile power from attempting to cross the Channel.

Ghana’s Experience in Distant-Water Fisheries

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2463-2467 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. N. Adjetey
Keyword(s):  
African State ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
West African ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Constant Attention ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Exploitation And Utilization ◽  
West African State ◽  
Frozen Fish ◽  
Fish And Fishery Products

Ghana’s investment in a modern fishing industry includes fishing vessels of various ranges and sizes, costing over £25.6 million. There have also been heavy investments in infrastructure, such as the Tema fishing harbor, boatbuilding, cold storage, and repair and maintenance facilities. These investments were made to: improve the protein content of the Ghanaian diet; stop importation of frozen fish and fishery products; develop the skills of the fishing community; develop an export trade in fish.Efficient use of these investments has been hampered by various factors. Transition from a canoe to a sophisticated fishery of refrigerated trawlers and factory ships was too rapid. It was assumed that once the fishing industry was equipped with a modern fleet it would become self-supporting within a short time. But this was not the case because realization of this goal depended on: efficiency with which the fleet was operated, better handling and care of fish, better marketing and distribution methods, search for new grounds, and constant attention to conservation of stocks.Lack of finance made operation of the fleet difficult. Spare parts were not in adequate supply and at times vessels had to stop fishing for lack of them.Lack of local personnel led to dependence on alien captains, mates, engineers, and shore-based staff. The number of alien crew was high initially, but Ghanaians have gradually taken over key positions on the vessels.Ghana is the only West African state with a fleet of deep-sea trawlers. This situation and recent unilateral extensions of fishing limits by West African states have led to a new problem which might have far-reaching effects on the operation of the fleet.But Ghana’s attempt to participate in the exploitation and utilization of West African fishery resources should encourage other African states to similar efforts.

The Dahomean Middleman System, 1727–c. 1818

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ross
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
West African ◽  
The West ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Supply Problem ◽  
West African Coast ◽  
African Coast ◽  
Trading Partners

During the first quarter of the eighteenth century, European merchants bought more slaves in the Bight of Benin than on any other part of the West African coast. From c. 1720 until 1727 much of their buying was concentrated in Savi, the capital of a small Aja state called Whydah. When the Dahomeans overran Savi in 1727 they stopped the inland slave suppliers from travelling to the coast, prevented the local Hueda from going inland to collect slaves, and insisted that the Europeans bought slaves only from Dahomean dealers. In an attempt to make sure that the Europeans had nothing more to do with their former trading partners the Dahomeans burned the factories in Savi and forced their European occupants to retire to Grehue, Savi's port, a spot on the coast where the Europeans maintained a number of fortified warehouses.The middleman policy did not at first operate satisfactorily. There were two reasons for this. The first was that the Dahomeans were, in practice, unable to prevent the Europeans from continuing to trade with the Hueda. The second was that the inland suppliers refused to sell slaves to Savi's conquerors. The Dahomeans solved their ‘coastal’ problem in the 1740S by placing a garrison in Grehue. This garrison kept the exiled Hueda at bay and held the Europeans in what amounted to open captivity. The Dahomeans were never able completely to solve their ‘supply’ problem. In the 1730s and 1740S the inland merchants took their slaves to ports which opened up on the Bight to the east of Grehue. Only in the 1750s and 1760s did they channel substantial numbers of slaves through Dahomey. In the last decades of the century they again boycotted the Dahomean market. Dahomey therefore prospered as a middleman state only between c. 1748 and c. 1770.An examination of their eighteenth century trading suggests that the Dahomeans were a slave-raiding community whose members realised in 1727 that they would soon run out of fresh raiding grounds. They appear to have introduced their middleman policy in an attempt to ensure that they would continue to profit from slave trading even after they had ceased to be able to take large numbers of captives themselves. Although the policy was by no means a complete success, it was important in that it seems to have led the Dahomeans to begin placing garrisons in the territories they ravaged. It appears, in fact, to have been the pursuit of their middleman goals that led them to begin creating the often described nineteenth century ‘greater’ Dahomean state. The middleman programme ceased to be of much importance after c. 1818, when the fall of Oyo enabled the Dahomeans to resume raiding widely in unexploited territory.

EXPERIENCE OF FORMING CLUSTERS IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD

Fisheries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Vasiliev
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Regional Cluster ◽  
Western Arctic ◽  
Fish Trade ◽  
Regions Of Russia

It is shown that the Russian oceanic fishing organizations in the Western Arctic are not interested in joining the regional cluster voluntarily due to the monopoly ownership of the rent income from hydrobionts extraction and foreign trade. As a consequence, the planned creation of fish clusters in the coastal regions of Russia is unlikely without institutional changes in the regulation of foreign fish trade, compulsory visits of fishing vessels to Russian ports to unload fish products and deliver them to the domestic market.

The Aftermath

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-176
Author(s):  
Robb Robinson
Keyword(s):  
British Isles ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Major Task ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
The Mediterranean

This chapter recounts the demobilisation of Auxiliary Patrol vessels and fishermen that began in early 1919, in which the bases from which the force had operated were already being run down. It describes the dismantling of the Auxiliary Patrol as a major task that involved thousands of people and vessels and took some considerable time to organise and carry through to fruition. It also talks about fishing vessels and crews that returned to their home ports from bases around the British Isles and beyond. The chapter mentions Skipper William Oliver, who had been stationed in Malta and commanded the minesweeping trawlers that were amongst the first to return from the Mediterranean. It highlights the disappearance of drifter John Robert and its 11 crew members while voyaging from Messina to Alexandria on 1 February 1919.

Epilogue

2019 ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
William L. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Slave Narratives ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Slave Narrative ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Nineteenth Century American Literature ◽  
Full Diversity ◽  
Large Numbers

The epilogue notes that kinship, privilege, occupation, intragroup status, and social mobility affected crucial transitions in self-awareness as well as class awareness among the narrators. Growing self-respect kindled in many narrators a desire for a future that coalesced around an imagined free self. Narrating this process of inner growth individualized and liberated African American personhood in mid-century literature. Slave narratives from this generation created the most sophisticated commentary on caste and class in the South to be found in nineteenth-century American literature. In the late nineteenth century, former slaves continued to publish autobiographies in large numbers. Their experiences in slavery and perspectives on it were often very different from those of the antebellum narrators. Without taking into account the slave narratives published between 1865 and 1901, our comprehension of slavery and the full diversity of African American self-portraiture in the slave narrative will remain limited and partial.

scholarly journals Fighting the Minotaur: Resistance to technological change in the Mediterranean sponge fishing industry, 1840-1922

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-353
Author(s):  
Maïa Fourt ◽  
Daniel Faget ◽  
Thierry Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Financial Investments ◽  
Geographical Expansion ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Hard Hat

In the first half of the nineteenth century, industrialization increased the demand for sponges extracted by the sponge fishermen of the Dodecanese Archipelago in the Aegean Sea. This had widespread repercussions, leading to increasing numbers of sponge fishermen, the geographical expansion of fishing zones and the evolution and diversification of fishing techniques. In this context, foreign sponge traders imposed the hard-hat diving suit, which enabled divers to remain underwater for several hours without surfacing. It was therefore perceived as being more efficient than traditional skin-diving. But this equipment greatly exacerbated the physical risks faced by the divers, with injuries and fatalities increasing markedly. It also required heavy financial investments that compounded the losses of fishermen and their families. With hindsight, these investments were catalysts of the major socio-economic upheaval that followed. As well as provoking mass revolt among the islanders of the Dodecanese, this entailed modifications in crews and community structure as a nascent model of capitalist organization marked the development of the sponge fishery.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document