A Scientific analysis on the crisis of poverty in India and its influence on the overall development of the country

In India the wealth is in the hands of 1 % of the population which constitute the rich people of the society and 90 % of the people live below poverty line and rest are middle class people. From being the richest civilisation today, India is one of the poorest country. India has the second biggest population which is one of the major reason for poverty followed by which we have massive illiterate people in India, India was once the richest country and had the highest GDP because all the people in India were educated and earned a good amount, there was no system of reservation or caste system or gender based discrimination in imparting education to its people, which is dominating the present education system followed by the issue of language, lack of employment and health acre provisions, poor agriculture investment in the country, we have seen a rise in farmer suicide due to poverty, the Human Development Index has remained the same since 2015 and we have seen a decline in GDP after demonetisation which has contributed to lost of jobs for around 40,000 people. The present situation is worst, where we have complete lockdown due to COVID and people are dying because hunger more than of COVID-19.

ANALISIS USAHA PEMBENIHAN IKAN GURAMI

ABSTRAK Usaha ikan gurami sangat profitabel karena dapat dibudidaya mulai dari telur di sarang, bibit yang memiliki ukuran kecil atau besar hingga menjadi induk, atau sebagai ikan konsumsi. Ikan gurami masih sangat diminati dengan berbagai ukuran sangat ramai dipasaran. Para konsumen berebut benih hingga keluar kota dengan ukuran yang diinginkan tidak mudah, yang dimana permintaan dari dalam kotapun belum bisa terpenuhi secara keseluruhan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi biaya yang digunakan dalam berproduksi mengenai budidaya ikan gurami serta mengidentifikasi pendapatan dari hasil budidaya ikan gurami dengan menganalisis apakah usaha pembenihan ikan gurami tersebut laba/rugi. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan dengan cara sengaja (purpossive) di Desa Mirigambar Kecamatan Sumbergempol Kabupaten Tulungagung. Sampel penelitian adalah petani pembenihan ikan gurami dari Desa Mirigambar, Tulungagung. Peneliti dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dan menggunakan teknik pengambilan data, yang mencakup data primer dan sekunder. Peneliti menggunakan analisis pengujian revenue cost (R/C) ratio yang dimana digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi pendapatan dari budidaya ikan gurami. Adapun hasil pada penelitian ini adalah dimana tingkat pendapatan bersih yang diterima per paket benih ikan gurami yaitu sebesar Rp 2.292.466,67 dengan pengujian revenue cost (R/C) ratio sebesar 1,68 dimana usahatani pembenihan ikan gurami tergolong menguntungkan bagi masyarakat menengah dan layak untuk dikembangkan khususnya di daerah dilakukannya penelitian. Kata Kunci : pembenihan, biaya produksi, pendapatan, ikan gurami ABSTRACK The gourami business is very profitable because it can be cultivated from eggs in nests, seeds that have small or large sizes to become broodstock, or as fish for consumption. Gouramy fish is still in great demand with various sizes very crowded in the market. Consumers fighting for seeds to get out of town with the desired size is not easy, which is where the demand from within the city can't be fulfilled as a whole. The purpose of this study is to identify the costs used in the production of gouramy cultivation and to identify the income from gouramy cultivation by analyzing whether the gouramy hatchery business is profit/loss. The location of the research was carried out purposively in Miri Gambar Village, Sumbergempol District, Tulungagung Regency. The research sample was carp hatchery farmers from Miri Gambar Village, Tulungagung. Researchers in this study used quantitative descriptive methods and used data collection techniques, which included primary and secondary data. The researcher used an analysis of revenue cost (R/C) ratio testing which was used to identify income from gouramy cultivation. The results in this study are where the level of net income received per package of gouramy seeds is Rp. 2,292,466.67 with a revenue cost (R/C) ratio of 1.68 where the gouramy hatchery farming is classified as profitable for middle and middle class people. feasible to be developed, especially in the area of ​​research. Keywords: hatchery, production costs, income, gouramy

Subversion of the Masculine Gender Roles in the Malayalam Film, “Kumbalangi Nights”

Like most of the regional films in India, Malayalam film industry has undergone radical changes which is ultimately a reflection of the societal changes in Kerala. The 2019 film in the regional language, Malayalam, Kumbalangi Nights, directed by Madhu C Narayan enters the list of such films. The film became a point of discussion in the Malayalam film industry as it won the Kerala State film award in 2020. The film has taken a diverse look at the societal problems of the lower middle-class people in the city of Kochi. The study is an analysis of the way in which the film has subverted the popular notions of masculinity and redefined the patriarchal world views within the family structure.

IMPACT OF PETROL PRICES ON CONSUMER CONSUMPTION DURING COVID-19

In present scenario petrol has become an indispensable part of our day to day life, and one cannot imagine his life without it. But the petrol prices are increasing vastly like sky rocketing, and it is going to affect each and everything in our life .Petrol prices are affecting various sectors like transportation,FMCG, Textiles etc, which in turn affects the prices of daily necessities. Increase in petrol price have more impact on poor and middle class people rather than high class people because they spend more than half of their income on food and only tenth part on fuel consumption. Hence it is important to study the impact of petrol prices on consumption of petrol by middle and poor class people. This study mainly emphasis on how the hike of petrol prices will affect the consumption of petrol by different kind of consumers during covid-19.

Present scenario of generic medicines in India: A comparative study

Drugs or medicines are those which are used for treatment, diagnosis, mitigation and prevention of diseases. But it’s very expensive. Not or all but for lower and middle class people taking treatment is very difficult because of the cost of the medicines. Many deaths are caused because the patient cannot afford the cost of the medicines. The entry of generic medicines in market brought a revolutionary change in healthcare system and the market share is continuously increasing. The poor and needy sections of the society are getting benefitted because these are authentic, reliable, secure, affordable and accessible for all. Now there is an option available against the high cost branded medicines. Government of India is taking lot of steps to promote the availability of generic medicines both in rural and urban areas and also taking steps to aware people that it is equally safe and effective as that of branded medicines. Many pharmaceutical companies are manufacturing generic medicines and making them available in market through retail outlets. E-pharmacies are also functioning delivering generic medicines at home. Government has opened thousands of Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Kendra (PMBJK) across the country where one can get generic medicines at much lower cost. The present article is based on the study to know the availability of generic medicines through PMBJK, comparison of prices between generic and branded medicines, reasons for the lower price of generic medicines and except PMBJK where generic medicines are available.

Finding a Partner

This chapter delves into Adam Rose's eagerness to find ways to make his mark on the quality of life in the community of Stuyvesant Town and show how he could do a better job than the hated Tishman Speyer. It discusses Rose's first three months as the person in charge, including how he increased the public safety force by 12 percent and promised to reduce on-hold times for maintenance requests. It also highlights the appointment of Jim Yasser as the property's managing director and Charles Bagli, who was writing another piece on what would happen next to Stuy town. The chapter discusses Daniel Garodnick's ongoing intention to pursue a home ownership plan, which would include rules to keep the community affordable for middle-class people into the future. It recounts how new board members of the Tenants Association challenged Garodnick on the contents of Bagli's article.

Driving Economic Growth by Promoting Manufacturing in India

For driving economic growth at the time of COVID19 pandemic our Prime Minister has given a policy “Make in India: zero defect zero effect”. The aim is to alter the country into a worldwide industrialized hub. He encourages the organizations to manufacture their goods in India. Global industries are invited to formulate investment and locate factories in India and develop their merchandizes. But the question arrived why they will setup their industries? By using India’s extremely capable and skilled workforce, they generate zero defect output. What are the sectors where India can do better? Research for all the parameters are done in this paper. What are the different policies for lower and middle class people and how they will boost up their growth and help to develop the economy? Prime Mistier also focus on “3D” outlook policy: Democracy, demography and demand. Skill expansion programs are especially launched for people of rural cities.

Social Responses and Narrative Experiences of the Filipino Middle Class to the COVID-19 Crisis

The incessant spreading of COVID-19 disease has recently been the major concern to the Filipino since January 2020. The crisis becomes uncontrollable and impacts on all walks of life in terms of their routine living, working conditions, mental health, and social interaction. As observed in the past few months, the Philippine government has attempted to deal with the transmission of infection and economic predicament. However, there has been tremendous criticism towards the government’s methods of solving the problems, and one of the controversial discussions is the inequity of offering assistance packages to socio-economic groups. This article seeks to grasp the perceptions of the Filipino middle class who are mainly excluded by the aid of the government from the COVID-19 crisis since they are misrepresented as capable of self-help and self-responsibility in the neoliberal economy. The results evidently show their responses and narratives to the crisis through dealing with behavioural and social adaptation and psychological coping strategies. In times of the pandemic with low awareness of the government, most middle-class people are still precarious because of the entire dependency on the financial system and employment security to maintain subsistence in the present and future.

Poorer middle class is a constraint on Russian growth

Significance One study suggests that 1.5 million middle-class people lost their jobs in 2020. Despite government assistance programmes to keep employees in work and ease home-buying, the middle class's role as driver of consumption has been hard hit, with implications for the pace of economic recovery. Impacts Nationwide vaccination will facilitate a return to growth, but this will be constrained by low consumption. Rising financial insecurity and disillusionment will fuel middle-class emigration. Declining ability to give children a good education will limit future expansion of the middle class.

Pilgrimage, Tradition, and Social Status: The Ritual of Hajj as an Identity for Moslems Community in Gresik

Hajj is a hard worship for the Moslems because it requires three abilities at the same time: physical ability, mental ability, and financial ability. Consequently, not all people are able to perform the hajj. Furthermore, hajj is a very long process of worship and, therefore, has given birth to numerous traditions from the departure until the arrival from the holy land. In line with the phenomena of hajj, especially in the context of Gresik East Java Indonesia, this study strives to explore how the tradition of hajj is performed. By using qualitative method, this research found some important findings. First, there are various traditions conducted by people of Gresik in terms of performing hajj: pamitan haji, sejarah haji, walimatussafar, dulkadiran, nuzulan, khatmil Qur’an, and tasyakuran. These traditions are performed because they are considered important especially for those who will embark on their hajj journey. Second, from the socio-economic perspective, the performance of hajj traditions can result in social discrepancy for the lower middle-class people. The implication is that for the people of Gresik who have only been able to aff ord the cost of the hajj journey, then the cost of the hajj traditions can be a peculiar morale burden because the cost of the hajj traditions is equal to the personal cost of the hajj journey.