Mystical and Modernizing Trends: Prague’s Rabbinic Culture Threatened

2010 ◽  
pp. 64-94
Author(s):  
Sharon Flatto
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
The State ◽  
German Culture ◽  
Community Institutions ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
Secular Education ◽  
Jewish Youth

This chapter identifies various trends and developments which threatened Prague's traditional culture during the last decades of the eighteenth century. It analyses the unique responses of Prague's rabbinate to the Haskalah, the increasing centralization of the Habsburg state, and Sabbatianism. It also points out the importance of the state in the transformation of Prague's traditional Jewish society, particularly its embrace of German culture and cites Joseph II's systematic policy of Germanization that reshaped several of the central community institutions. The chapter highlights state-imposed secular education that forced the rabbinic authorities to modify the curriculum offered to Prague's Jewish youth. It discusses the traditional rabbinic assertion of the primacy of Torah, which precluded the study of extra-talmudic subjects.

How Modern Is an Antimodernist Movement? The Emergence of Hasidic Politics in Congress Poland

AJS Review ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-240
Author(s):  
Marcin Wodziński
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Reform Jewish

The various efforts to reform Jewish society in Poland from the late eighteenth century on elicited reactions among the representatives of Jewish society, both among those who supported the reforms and among others, much more numerous, who were less favorably inclined toward reform. The hasidim were, of course, among the latter. All the reforms affected the hasidim, just as they did other members of the community, but certain actions directed against their movement as such affected them specifically. It seems natural, therefore, that hasidim were not simply passive victims of the deeds undertaken by the central and regional organs of the state. It would be hard to expect otherwise because, after all, the hasidim were a party most interested in the favorable resolution of antihasidic government investigations.

Slavery and Ransom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The Law

This chapter explores captives’ fates after their capture, all along the Ottoman land and maritime frontiers, arguing that this was largely determined by individuals’ value for ransom or sale. First this was a matter of localized customary law; then it became a matter of inter-imperial rules, the “Law of Ransom.” The chapter discusses the nature of slavery in the Ottoman Empire, emphasizing the role of elite households, and the varying prices for captives based on their individual characteristics. It shows that the Ottoman state participated in ransoming, buying, exploiting, and sometimes selling both female and male captives. The state particularly needed young men to row on its galleys, but this changed in the late eighteenth century as the fleet moved from oars to sails. The chapter then turns to ransom, showing that a captive’s ability to be ransomed, and value, depended on a variety of individualized factors.

‘To Mount or Not to Mount?’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandita Sahai
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Royal Courts

This chapter examines documentary culture in eighteenth-century Rajasthan through an exploration of the legal archive—the Sanad Parwana Bahis—of the kingdom of Jodhpur. More particularly, it studies the petitions that were written in the course of a series of protracted disputes during which the ceremonial and ritual claims made by low-caste Sunars were contested by upper castes. The increasing importance of the written record in the administration and courts both caused, and was an outcome of a nascent “literate mentality” that existed even amongst those social groups like the Sunars who were not traditionally associated with scribal work. What is particularly telling is the shift from oral testimonies to written evidence as verifiable and authentic, both in the royal courts and in lower assemblies like caste councils. The pervasive culture of record keeping, and the significance of writing both for the state and its subjects at this time allows us to interrogate any easy bifurcation between the modern and the premodern.

Rousseau, Bodin, and the Medieval Corporatist Origins of Popular Sovereignty

2021 ◽  
pp. 009059172098545
Author(s):  
Dan Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
Dual Identity ◽  
Jean Bodin ◽  
Classic Argument

This essay reconsiders Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s debt to Jean Bodin, on the basis of Daniel Lee’s recent revision of Bodin as a theorist of popular sovereignty. It argues that Rousseau took a key feature of his own theory of democratic sovereignty from Bodin—namely, the dual identity of political members as both citizens and subjects of the state. It further makes the case that this dual identity originates in medieval corporatist law, which Bodin was summarizing. Finally, it demonstrates the lasting impact of corporatist law in eighteenth-century France, highlighting Rousseau’s direct borrowings from the corporatist language and logic of contemporary commercial societies. In this regard, the article revisits and updates Otto von Gierke’s classic argument about the origins of the state in corporatist thought.

A Russian Mystic Faces the Age of Rationalism and Revolution: Thought and Activity of Ivan Vladimirovich Lopukhin

1967 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-188
Author(s):  
Alexander Lipski
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Western Influence ◽  
The World ◽  
Extreme Degree ◽  
State Of Mind

It is generally accepted that even though rationalism was predominant during the eighteenth century, a significant mystical trend was simultaneously present. Thus it was not only the Age of Voltaire, Diderot, and Holbach, but also the Age of St. Martin, Eckartshausen and Madame Guyon. With increased Western influence on Russia, it was natural that Russia too would be affected by these contrary currents. The reforms of Peter the Great, animated by a utilitarian spirit, had brought about a secularization of Russian culture. Father Florovsky aptly summed up the state of mind of the Russian nobility as a result of the Petrine Revolution: “The consciousness of these new people had been extroverted to an extreme degree.” Some of the “new people,” indifferent to their previous Weltanschauung, Orthodoxy, adopted the philosophy of the Enlightenment, “Volter'ianstvo” (Voltairism). But “Volter'ianstvo” with its cult of reason and belief in a remote creator of the “world machine,“ did not permanently satisfy those with deeper religious longings. While conventional Orthodoxy, with its emphasis on external rites, could not fill the spiritual vacuum, Western mysticism, entering Russia chiefly through freemasonry, provided a satisfactory alternative to “Volter'ianstvo.”

Le armi dotte e la Rivoluzione francese: riformismo, elitismo e meritocrazia

2012 ◽  
pp. 41-63
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cuccoli
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Public Services ◽  
The State ◽  
Constituent Assembly ◽  
State Corporation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
École Polytechnique ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Revolution

The article focuses on the evolution of the military technical corps in France between the mid-Eighteenth century and the Restoration, and proposes for them the notion of "State corporation". This phase - an intermediate one between the corps de métier and the corps d'État - was attained first by the engineers and the artillery. These corps selected their officers by competitive examination, which functioned both as an intellectual filter and a social one. The distinction generated by this filter - nurtured by an elitist approach based on meritocracy was not overridden by the Revolution. On the contrary, it was further consecrated by the creation of the École polytechnique, which soon became controlled by the military technical corps. The "State corporation" model was then extended through the École polytechnique to the geographical engineers and the civil public services. The institutional conflicts among the technical corps during the National Constituent Assembly and those between them and the École polytechnique (1794-1799) are analyzed along these interpretative lines. While the former show their corporative resistance of geographical engineers in the name of equality, the latter bring out their corporative resistance to external education of candidates.

Ceremonial song in eighteenth-century Dublin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Musical Genre ◽  
And Function ◽  
The City

The tradition of composing welcome, birthday, and New Year’s Day odes for the monarch in London is one that dates to as early as 1617. It was not until almost a century later that an equivalent tradition in Dublin is evident. The Dublin ode tradition has often been viewed as an imitation of that established at the London court, and, while it doubtless took the London odes as its model initially, its poets and composers developed a series of works that stand apart as unique in their rationale, style, and even musical genre. This chapter shall demonstrate that the Dublin works were distinctive in their political and social intent and function, their poetry housing the intentions of a loyal polity on the margins of the empire that had a unique and complex identity and relationship with Britain. It will discuss the music and word-setting of the works composed by Masters of the State Music Johann Sigismund Cousser and Matthew Dubourg, showing that this ceremonial music for Dublin constitutes a body of works invaluable to our understanding of the cultural and political climate in the city in the eighteenth century.

A true study of a benevolent state. S.N. Baburin. Moral State. Russian view on the values of constitutionalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Orlin Zagorov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
The State ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Orthodox Christianity ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
The Revolution

This article is the author's reflections on the problems of humanism, morality, and traditional culture in connection with the concept of a Moral State put forward by Professor S.N. Baburin. The role of the spirituality of the Slavic peoples and their contribution to the strengthening of European cultural identity is considered. The author argues the importance of the conclusion that the virtue of the state as its internal quality in itself turns the state into a guarantor of virtue as a universal value and the validity of the thesis that the values of both Orthodox Christianity and Slavic spirituality represent a solid foundation of a Moral State. The author sees in the Moral State a mechanism for the harmonious combination of the spirit of the revolution with the revolution of the spirit.

scholarly journals TL, OSL and C-14 dating results of the sediments and bricks from mummified nuns' grave

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego R.G. Tudela ◽  
Sonia H. Tatumi ◽  
Márcio Yee ◽  
Silvio L.M. Brito ◽  
José L. Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
The State ◽  
Osl Dating ◽  
Annual Dose ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectroscopy

This paper presents the results of TL and OSL dating of soil and fragments of bricks from a grave, which was occupied by two mummified nuns, found at "Luz" Monastery, located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The TL and OSL ages were compared to C-14 dating ones obtained from bone collagens of the mummies. The majority of the ages is related to the eighteenth century. The gamma-ray spectroscopy was used to evaluate natural radioisotope concentrations in the samples, and by using these concentrations the annual dose rates, from 3.0 to 5.3 Gy/kyr, were obtained. Neutron activation analysis was performed and the radioisotope contents results are in agreement with those obtained by gamma-ray spectroscopy. The contents of U, Th and Ce elements were higher than those found in usual sediments.

scholarly journals AKTUALISASI NILAI PANCASILA DALAM ACARA ADAT SAMMILAN PADA MASYARAKAT ADAT MAGHO SEKAPPUNG LIBO

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eka Yuliastuti ◽  
Wahyu Abdul Jafar
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
The State ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The People

Abstract: The problem examined in this research is the problem of the actualization of Pancasila values contained in the Sammilan traditional culture and its relevance to the values of local wisdom in the Batin Negara Village. This research belongs to the category of field research, and the approach used in this research is the sociological approach. Data collection techniques used were interview and documentation techniques. After conducting the research, it was concluded that the Sammilan traditional culture contains many positive values that can be applied in living the life of society and the state, the traditional culture of Sammilan is present in the midst of the people who are still very caring and caring for Indonesia in various aspects of life. In carrying out the traditional sammilan event is considered still in harmony and relevant to the values of Pancasila. The tolerance attitude of the people of Sekappung Libo is reflected if there are neighbors who are carrying out an adat event, they are not afraid without being asked to respect each other, help each other and help one another. Keywords: Actualization of Pancasila Values; Indigenous Sammilan

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