Rabbis, Martyrs, and Merchants: Jewish Communal Conflict as Reflected in the Responsa on the Boycott of Ancona

2014 ◽  
pp. 204-220
Author(s):  
Marc Saperstein
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Economic Pressure ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Communal Conflict ◽  
Modern Jewish History ◽  
Economic Well Being

This chapter reviews the rabbinic responsa regarding the Boycott of Ancona. It was written by Ottoman rabbis addressing dramatic issues of international significance that affected both the morale and the economic well-being of many Jews. These texts, grappling with legal issues on the basis of conflicting narratives of what had happened, reveal that the boycott was far more complicated than it originally appears. The boycott of the port of Ancona in 1556 was an unparalleled event in early modern Jewish history, the only attempt before the twentieth century to organize Jewish economic pressure and to wield it in the arena of international affairs for the benefit of Jews persecuted in other lands. Powerful forces converged in this event.

Food Expenditures and Economic Well-Being in Early Modern England

1983 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Shammas
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Total Expenditure ◽  
Important Measure ◽  
Food Expenditures ◽  
Dietary Shifts ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Well Being

The proportion of a household's budget spent on diet has commonly served as an important measure of material welfare. This paper pulls together data concerning trends in food expenditures for early modern England and draws comparisons with figures for later periods. The usefulness of wage assessments, a new source for estimating the proportion of outlays devoted to diet, is examined. The impact on food expenditures of new commodities and other dietary shifts is also explored. The findings call into question earlier estimates of the proportion of total expenditure devoted to food and drink in the pre-industrial period and the assumption that food expenditures are always inelastic.

scholarly journals Early Modern Jewish History

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Ruderman ◽  
Francesca Bregoli
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Panoramic View ◽  
Early Modernity ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Modern Jewish History ◽  
Bibliographical Survey

The term “early modernity” as the name of a period roughly extending from the end of the 15th century to the end of the 18th century has been only recently employed by historians of Jewish culture and society. Despite a plethora of new studies in the last several decades, few attempts have been made to define the period as a whole as a distinct epoch in Jewish history, distinguishable from both the medieval and the modern periods. Some historians have remained indifferent to demarcating the period, have simply designated it as an extension of the Middle Ages, or have labeled it vaguely as a mere transitional stage between medievalism and modernity without properly describing its distinguishing characteristics. A few historians have used the term “Renaissance” to apply to the cultural ambiance of Jews living in Italy in the 15th and 16th centuries alone without delineating the larger period and the more comprehensive geographical area. The bibliographical survey that follows focuses on the entire period of three hundred years and attempts to provide a panoramic view of European and Ottoman Jewries both as distinct subcommunities and in their broader connections with each other.

The Encounter of Buddhism and Law in Early Twentieth-Century Korea

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Nathan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Korean Buddhism ◽  
Monastic Community ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
The Relationship

Law is central to an understanding of the development of modern Korean Buddhism. New legal and regulatory structures that were introduced during the first two decades of the twentieth century in Korea significantly impacted the course of modern Korean Buddhist history. The relationship between modern secular laws and Buddhist organizations during this period, however, was forged chiefly in the context of increasing Japanese political control over Korea, especially after the start of direct colonial rule following annexation in 1910. Therefore, the critical legal issues involved in the historical development of early modern Korean Buddhism have typically been subsidiary to the analyses of Japanese colonial policies toward the monastic community. The precise contours of the relationship between Buddhism and law in the modern period remain largely unexplored and thus indistinct because the focus in previous studies has been placed on the confrontation between thesanghaand the colonial state.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 293-306
Author(s):  
Adam Teller
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
Jewish Refugees ◽  
Modern Jewish History ◽  
To Come

This concluding chapter assesses whether the fate of the Polish Jewish refugees in each of the three major arenas in which they found themselves was really a single, interconnected refugee crisis or whether there were, in fact, three different crises sparked by a common cause: the mid-seventeenth-century wars of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Underlying all of the differences in the conditions in each of the three regions were numerous commonalities. Perhaps most important was the sense of solidarity that induced Jews to come to the aid of other Jews in distress. The term most commonly used at the time to describe this connection was “brotherhood.” The phenomena examined in this book are indeed, therefore, aspects of a single refugee crisis. The chapter then considers how large the problem was and how well Jewish society dealt with its challenges. It also highlights the effects of the refugee crisis on Jewish society, both while it was happening and in the longer term, and the importance of the crisis for the course of early modern and modern Jewish history in general.

Institutions and Economic Development in Early Modern Central Europe

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 221-250
Author(s):  
Sheilagh C. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Well Being

Institutions and economies underwent profound changes between 1500 and 1800 in most parts of Europe. Differences among societies decreased in some ways, but markedly increased in others. Do these changes and these variations tell us anything about the relationship between social organisation and economic well-being? This is a very wide question, and even the qualified ‘yes’ with which I will answer it, though based on the detailed empirical research of some hundreds of local studies undertaken in the past few decades, is far from definitive. Many of these studies were inspired by an influential set of hypotheses, known as the ‘theory of proto-industrialisation’. While this theory has been enormously fruitful, its conclusions about European economic and social development are no longer tenable. This paper offers an alternative interpretation of the evidence now available about proto-industrialisation in different European societies, and explores its implications by investigating one region of Central Europe between 1580 and about 1800.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Jason Lustig
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Future ◽  
Modern Jewish History ◽  
History Of

The introduction presents the book’s core argument that twentieth-century Jewish archives were not just about the past but also about the future: We can look to a process whereby Jews turned increasingly toward archives as anchors of memory in a rapidly changing world. Jews in Germany, the United States, and Israel/Palestine all sought to gather the files of the past in order to represent their place in Jewish life and articulate a vision of the future. It situates these projects in the history of community-based archiving and archival theory and methodology, as well as Jewish history at large. It also dives into the ways we can see archive making as a metaphor for the broader patterns in modern Jewish history, as Jews sought to gather the sources and resources of their culture both before the Holocaust and especially in its aftermath.

Prekäre Güter: Hofjuden als Heeres- und Münzlieferanten in der Frühen Neuzeit

Aschkenas ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rauscher
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
State Building ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Modern Jewish History

The economic success of Court Jews during the late 17th and the 18th centuries is one of the major phenomena of early modern Jewish history in Central Europe. After long and controversial debates on the causes of this development and its consequences for Jewish society as well as for the formation of modern economy and state building in Europe, recent studies mostly focus on cultural aspects. This article argues for reintegrating the economy of Court Jews into the broader field of public finance and for rethinking the significance of Jewish merchants and bankers in comparison to other groups of public creditors.

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