scholarly journals FIRE TESTING OF THE BUILDING FACADE INSULATED WITH FOAM POLYSTYRENE/PUTŲ POLISTIRENU APŠILTINTŲ FASADO FRAGMENTŲ GAISRINIAI BANDYMAI

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 340-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albertas Nyderis ◽  
Romualdas Mačiulaitis
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Heat Radiation ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Foam Polystyrene ◽  
Building Insulation ◽  
Building Facade ◽  
Insulation Systems

In the past decade, construction business applied various heat insulating materials comprising a spectrum of properties according to their combustibility. Particular attention was paid to insulation materials related to fire hazards. The normative fire safety documents started to be drawn up in this country at the time when the process of building insulation had not been initiated yet. Therefore, there still exists a great need for assessing the fire hazards of building insulation systems. With the use of the experience of other countries new testing equipment for insulating building facade with foam polystyrene has been recently established. The equipment is loaded with a 2.4×2.0 meter wall fragment and 800×700 mm plate of electrical thermal radiation flow, as well as a gas burner and a device for taking the temperature. The theoretical bottom-line of these testing methods lies in the heat exchange between two parallel walls, one of which is much hotter. The calculation of the thermal radiation flow is presented in formula 1 and the theoretical basis is indicated in formulae 2–10. Formula 11 indicates the rates of the flame heat radiation flows. Formula 12 shows special testing conditions. In the course of testing the insulation systems, the geometrical quantities of violation zones of foam polystyrene have been determined, they have exceeded the calculations of the flow radiation plate of active heat several times. A strong functional relation between the thickness of foam polystyrene and the rates of violation zones (r xy =0.694) and a weak functional relation between the thickness of plaster and the rates of violation zones (r xy = −0.580) have also been defined. Formulas 13 and 14 describe the relations between the surface areas of the destruction, the thickness of the foam polystyrene and the thickness of the plaster. By taking the temperatures in the vertical axis of the geometrical centre of the wall fragment, it was determined that in the course of testing the temperatures become dangerous in relation to the combustibles (about 250°C). The tests indicate that favourable and stable testing conditions established. It is expedient to continue the tests with other types of building facade materials.

Experimental Study on Propane Jet Fire Hazards: Thermal Radiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (37) ◽  
pp. 9251-9256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Delphine Laboureur ◽  
M. Sam Mannan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Fire Hazards

scholarly journals Point thermal bridges of insulated pitched roof structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 03014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Šál ◽  
Daniela Štroufová ◽  
Petra Bednářová
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Building Insulation ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Thermal Bridges ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

The current demands on building insulation are continuously increasing. It is understood that the lower the heat transfer coefficient of a particular part of a construction is, the greater the importance of systemic thermal bridges. This article compares the individual systems of insulation of pitched roofs in terms of the heat transfer coefficient. The focus is on the size of the point thermal bridges in rafter thermal insulation systems and determines their impact on increasing the overall heat transfer coefficient. However, it should be noted that point thermal bridges are individually very small and combined only contribute to 2% of the overall heat transfer coefficient of parts of a structure.

scholarly journals PUMICE LAYER: A SOLUTION TO DIMINISH THERMAL ON HORIZONTAL LEFTOVER PLACE IN ROOFTOP

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Danny Santoso Mintorogo ◽  
Wanda Widigdo ◽  
Anik Juniwati
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Heat Radiation ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Solar Heat ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Shading Devices ◽  
Room Model

There are many ways to solve thermal on buildings, such as the installation of horizontal and vertical sun-shading devices on four-direction facades. However, rooftops are often ignored. In low-rise to high-rise buildings’ rooftop, there are leftover places exposed to solar heat radiation all day. Some rooftop places are equipped with polymer thermal roof insulation, and some are even without outer thermal insulation. The research aims to find a solution to diminish the horizontal thermal radiation by using eco-friendly material, pumice, as an outer thermal insulation. Exploiting method was used on one roof model as a conventional rooftop (without outer insulation), and another as a modified rooftop model covered with pumice. Couple HOBO data logger U12-012 temperature sensors were used to measure rooftop surface temperatures and room model temperatures. Results show that the thermal radiation were blocked efficiently: 26oC on pumice covered rooftop. It saved 8.4oC room temperature.

On the Role of Radiation in Low Density Silicon Carbide Foams

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Tseng ◽  
Ruth L. Sikorski ◽  
R. Viskanta ◽  
Ming Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Mie Scattering ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Foam Properties

There are a variety of foams that can be used in thermal protection and/or thermal insulation systems. At high temperature (> 1000 K) thermal radiation may be important or dominate heat transfer in a foam; however, studies based on more detailed thermal radiation analysis are limited. In this paper foams are considered to be semitransparent, because radiation can penetrate through the pore (or void) space and/or foam skeleton (ligament), depending on the materials from which the foams are made. Of particular interest of this study is to understand how the properties of foam material such as its density, mean cell size, etc. affect the radiative transfer through silicon carbide (SiC) foams. In the paper, the dimensionless strut diameter is considered an important parameter of foams, and the radiative properties of the foams are analyzed by Mie scattering theory. The attenuation/extinction behavior of SiC foams can be considered as a function of the dimensionless strut diameter of the foam. The results reveal that the foam properties can significantly reduce radiative heat transfer through the high temperature foam used for the thermal protection.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THERMAL RADIATION ON FOREST SOILS

2018 ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
V. P. Voron ◽  
V. H. Borysenko ◽  
I. O. Barabash ◽  
V. K. Muntian ◽  
O. M. Tkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Heat Radiation ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Forest fires are a powerful environmental factor that breaks the balance between the individual components of forest ecosystems. Thermal radiation is one type of the heat distribution during surface fires in forests. The objects of the study were forest soils, the monoliths of which were radiated with heat in specially created laboratory equipment. The facility allows detecting heat flux distribution in soils under laboratory conditions. The peculiarities of the processes for the typical soils for pine and oak stands were revealed. The highest temperature was observed on the surface of the soil. As the depth increased the temperature dropped. The most noticeable decrease was observed in a surface layer from 0 to 4 cm. The difference between the temperatures on the surface and at a depth of 10 cm could be 240–300°С for sandy soils and 260–400°С for gray forest soils. The temperature of deep soil layers increased even after stopping the heat radiation. The heating of dry sandy soils deep in to the profile occurs more strongly than in the moist sample. The sandy soil was found to warm deeper and more intensively as compared to loamy soils.

FIRE TESTING OF THE BUILDING FACADE INSULATED WITH FOAM POLYSTYRENE

Statyba ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 340-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nyderis ◽  
R. Mačiulaitis
Keyword(s):  
Fire Testing ◽  
Foam Polystyrene ◽  
Building Facade

Establishment of a digital simulated testing platform for radiation protection performance and preparation of three-layer coated flexible composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110028
Author(s):  
Guoyi Liu ◽  
Xiaoming Zhao ◽  
Yuanjun Liu ◽  
Yuhong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Protective Coating ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Heat Radiation ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Testing Platform ◽  
Flexible Composites ◽  
Test Platform

Fire proximity suits serve as the highest level of thermal protective clothing for firefighters when passing through the scene of a fire and within close range of open fire. A digital simulated testing platform for radiation protection performance was established based on the TPP701D thermal protective performance tester, by comparison of simulated data and measured results for the outer material of the fire proximity suit. Using single-, double- and three-layer flexible composites and the fabric as the base material, the reliability of the established simulation test platform was investigated. Based on this simulated test platform, in this paper the influence of the material structure and performance parameters (thickness, thermal conductivity, specific heat, density, emission rate and thermal reflectivity) of the heat radiation layer possessed by the three types of coating (thermal radiation protective coating, fireproof heat insulated coating and heat insulating coating) of three-layer coated flexible composites are discussed, thus providing the theoretical basis for the optimization and preparation of alternative outer materials for fire proximity suits. Based on the simulation data and measured results, the radiation protection performance of the three-layer structure is enhanced. Improving the average reflectivity of the heat rays for the thermal radiation protective coating, increasing the thickness of the heat insulating coating and reducing the thermal conductivity of the heat insulating coating are effective means of improving the radiation protection performance of the three-layer coated flexible composites.

Effect of Radiation on Heat Transfer in Open-Cell Foams at High Temperature

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Tseng ◽  
Ruth L. Sikorski ◽  
R. Viskanta ◽  
Ming Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Radiation Absorption ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Physical And Mathematical Models

There are a variety of foams that can be used in thermal protection and/or thermal insulation systems. At high temperature (> 1000 K) thermal radiation may be important or dominate heat transfer in the foam; however, studies based on more detailed thermal radiation analysis are limited. In this paper foams are considered to be semitransparent, because radiation can penetrate through the pore (or void) space and/or foam skeleton (solid matrix), depending on the materials from which the foams are made. Of particular interest of this study is to understand how the properties such as foam material its density, porosity, etc. affect thermal and radiant energy transfer. Physical and mathematical models are developed to account for conduction and radiation (absorption, emission and scattering) in the porous material. The spectral extinction coefficients of SiC foams are measured experimentally in the laboratory at room temperature, and the radiative transfer equation is solved using the spherical harmonics P1 and the Rosseland diffusion approximations. Parametric calculations have been carried out, and the results are reported in the paper for a range of parameters characterizing heat transfer in SiC foams of different porosities to identify desirable conditions for effectively reducing heat transfer in potential thermal protection concepts.

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