KRAŠTOVAIZDŽIO FORMAVIMO TEISINĖ BAZĖ IR APLINKOS FORMAVIMO PRAKTIKA/LEGAL BASIS OF LANDSCAPE FORMATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN PRACTICE

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenijus Staniūnas
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Design ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
Ecological Balance ◽  
The Law ◽  
Landscape Design And Planning ◽  
Landscape Formation

The design of an environment and its legal basis should make a harmonious whole. However, to realize this idea is not so easy. It can be perceived in the Lithuanian legal regulations. The Lithuanian law gives two different definitions of landscape. It puts designers and planners into a contradictory situation. It is noty the only problem. The terms, used in the Law on Protected Territories (one of the laws, giving the definition) are relatively rare and unusual. The laws do not describe them. The Lithuanian laws do not describe even such an important term as “ecological balance”. The task of design and planning of landscape is even more difficult when you try to understand the legal formulations of the tasks of landscape design and planning. All these features of laws open the possibility of different interpretations and discussions. They are especially active in planning practice. It is proposed in the paper to check the language of the laws and harmonize the Lithuanian regulations of landscape design and planning with the European Landscape Declaration. Santrauka Regis, suprantama, kad civilizuotoje valstybėje aplinkos formavimas ir jį reglamentuojantys įstatymai turėtų sudaryti darnią visumą, tačiau realizuoti šią idėją nėra taip paprasta. Straipsnyje tai ir parodoma, nagrinėjant Lietuvos kraštovaizdžio teisinio reglamentavimo ir jo projektavimo praktikos santykį. Kalbama apie tai, kad dėl įstatymų miglotumo, reglamentų prieštaringumo aplinkos formavimo teisės ir praktikos ryšys korektiškas būti kol kas tiesiog negali.

scholarly journals Dikotomi Politik Hukum Nasional dengan Politik Hukum Adat di Daerah Perbatasan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Julianto Jover Jotam Kalalo ◽  
Irwansyah Irwansyah
Keyword(s):  
Customary Law ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Application Of Law ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
The Law

The existence of a pluralistic law in the border area causes customary law communities who live and develop in the border area applying variety of laws. The concept of dualism is even deeper in the application of law as a reality that exists in border areas. The position of national law which is side by side with customary law apparently still has a gap which is entered by other countries' laws which are none other than neighboring countries. The existence of this plural law causes the disharmony of the legal regulations applied in the border area. The analysis shows that the dichotomy of regulations often conflicts and differences in the application of the law in each of the legal arrangements. Due to customary politics in the border areas are seeking for the truth in the application of the law. The position of national law does not guarantee the existence of legal arrangements in border areas because customary law in border areas has a strong position. National law is difficult to become a legal basis in border areas. However, the contradictions and differences in these three legal arrangements can actually be synergized, thus, thecontradictions and differences can also form a new law that is dynamic and appropriate, and does not change into a problem in the customary community.

Research and application of new media urban landscape design method based on 5G virtual reality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Guangchao Zhang ◽  
Xinyue Kou
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
New Media ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
The City

In recent years, with the rapid development of VR technology, its application range gradually involves the field of urban landscape design. VR technology can simulate complex environments, breaking through the limitations of traditional environmental design on large amounts of information processing and rendering of renderings. It can display complex and abstract urban environmental design through visualization. With the support of high-speed information transmission in the 5G era, VR technology can simulate the overall urban landscape design by generating VR panoramas, and it can also bring the experiencer into an immersive and interactive virtual reality world through VR video Experience. Based on this, this article uses the 5G virtual reality method in the new media urban landscape design to conduct research, aiming to provide an urban landscape design method with strong authenticity, good user experience and vividness. This paper studies the urban landscape design method in the new media environment; in addition, how to realize the VR panorama in the 5G environment, and also explores the image design of each node in the city in detail; and uses the park design in the city As an example, the realization process of the entire virtual reality is described in detail. The research in this article shows that the new media urban landscape design method based on 5G virtual reality, specifically to the design of urban roads, water divisions, street landscapes, and people’s living environment, makes the realization of smart cities possible.

scholarly journals O rozgraniczaniu statutów i wsysaniu regulacji prawnej (na przykładzie prawa stosowanego do oceny różnych aspektów powołania i funkcjonowania wykonawcy testamentu i zarządcy sukcesyjnego przedsiębiorstwem)

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-177
Author(s):  
Maksymilian Pazdan
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Eu Regulation ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Eu

The position of the executor of the will is governed by the law applicable to succession (Article 23(2)(f) of the EU Regulation 650/2012), while the position of the succession administrator of the estate of a business of a physical person located in Poland is subject to the Law of 5 July 2018 on the succession administration of the business of a physical person (the legal basis for such solution is in Article 30 of the EU Regulation 650/2012). However, if the court needs to determine the law applicable to certain aspects of appointing or functioning of these institutions, which have a nature of partial or preliminary questions, these laws will apply, as determined in line with the methods elaborated to deal with partial and preliminary questions in private international law. The rules devoted to the executors of wills are usually not self-standing. In such situations, the legislators most often call for supportive application of the rules designed for other matters existing in the same legal system (here — of the legis successionis). This is referred to as the absorption of the legal rules.

scholarly journals The Philosophical Values of Islamic Inheritance Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Ismail Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Philosophical Study ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Philosophical Basis ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Law

Abstract: The law of inheritance has been determined very clearly in the Qur’an and this provision has also been established as a qathi' or final legal basis by jumhur or majority ulama. However, in reality, there are still criticisms of the inheritance law provisions. This article aims to further examine the issue of qat'hi and zhanni (the final one and the need intrepretation) related to inheritance and how the philosophical values ​​of inheritance law in Islam. The philosophical study referred to in this article is related to the purpose of syara’ to determine the distribution of inheritance in such a way and what philosophical basis and values ​​are used. This article also describes the share of men and women with one to two balances. This article is based on literature study by using textual sources, namely the text of the Qur’an (especially verses on the law of inheritance) as the main reference in the reconstruction of philosophical thinking in Islamic inheritance law. The analysis technique in this research is descriptive analysis. So, the philosophical basis and the purpose of inheritance law in Islam is an effort to realize justice in order to achieve mutual benefit for the heirs. However, if a change is needed regarding inheritance law that is relevant to the conditions and situation at the time of the inheritance law decision, there is no harm in providing additional law. Keywords: Philosophical values, inheritance law, Islam.   Abstrak: Hukum waris telah ditentukan dengan sangat jelas dalam Alquran serta ketentuan tersebut juga telah ditetapkan sebagai dasar hukum yang qathi’ oleh jumhur ulama. Akan tetapi realita yang terjadi masih ada kritik terhadap ketentuan hukum waris tersebut. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji lebih jauh masalah qat’hi dan zhanni-nya terkait waris dan bagaimana nilai-nilai filosofis hukum kewarisan dalam Islam. Kajian filosofis yang dimaksud dalam artikel ini terkait tentang tujuan syara' menetapkan pembagian warisan sedemikian rupa dan apa dasar dan nilai filosofis yang digunakan. Artikel ini juga menjelaskan tentang bagian laki-laki dan perempuan dengan perimbangan satu banding dua. Artikel ini berbasis penelitian pustaka dengan menjadikan sumber-sumber tekstual yakni teks Alquran (khusus ayat-ayat tentang hukum kewarisan) sebagai acuan utama dalam rekonstruksi pemikiran filosofis dalam hukum waris Islam. Teknik analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Teknik analisis deskriptif. Jadi, dasar filosofis dan tujuan hukum waris dalam Islam merupakan suatu upaya untuk mewujudkan keadilan agar tercapai kemashlahatan bersama bagi ahli waris. Namun jika diperlukan sebuah perubahan terkait hukum kewarisan yang relevan dengan kondisi dan situasi pada saat keputusan hukum kewarisan tersebut maka tidak ada salahnya memberikan hukum tambahan. Kata-kata kunci: Nilai-nilai filosofis, hukum kewarisan, Islam.

scholarly journals Tax Sanctions as the Institutions Conditioning Efficiency of Collecting Tax Information – Limits of Legal Regulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Paweł Majka
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality

<p>The subject of the study is to outline the boundaries within the legislator may sanction the obligations to provide information to tax authorities using tax sanctions. The author analyzes tax sanctions as instruments guaranteeing the effectiveness of legal norms related to information obligations in the light of the protection of the taxpayer’s rights. In the author’s opinion, there is a clear outline of the possible shape of the sanction, which limits the legislator in excessive interference with the rights of taxpayers. These limits, both in national and international law, are determined primarily by the principle of proportionality, which is decisive for the degree of discomfort associated with the application of sanctions. It should be indicated that the shape limits of these sanctions, characterized in this study, guarantee, in turn, the protection of the rights of these entities. At the same time, it should be emphasized that tax sanctions are, in principle, a complementary element of the system of the guarantees of the law effectiveness and the legislator deciding on their wider use should properly balance the degree of “saturation” of tax law with sanctions taking into account its nature.</p>

scholarly journals Cyber Crime dalam Bentuk Phising Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Ardi Saputra Gulo ◽  
Sahuri Lasmadi ◽  
Khabib Nawawi
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Cyber Crime ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
The Law

ABSTRAK Artikel ini membahas cyber crime dalam bentuk phising berdasarkan Undang-Undang tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Penelitian yang digunakan yakni penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukan: 1) Pengaturan hukum terhadap cyber crime dalam bentuk phising berdasarkan Undang-Undang tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik tidak dapat dikenakan Pasal 35 jo Pasal 51 Ayat (1) dan Pasal 28 Ayat (1) jo Pasal 45A Ayat (1). 2) Kebijakan hukum terhadap cyber crime dalam bentuk phising berdasarkan Undang-Undang tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik adalah dilakukannya perubahan terhadap Undang-Undang tentang ITE dengan merumuskan konsep phising dan merubah isi Pasal 35. ABSTRACT This article discusses cyber crime in the form of phishing based on the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions. The research used is normative legal research. The results of the research that have been conducted demonstrated that: 1) Legal regulations on cyber crime in the form of phishing based on the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions cannot be subject to Article 35 in conjunction with Article 51 Paragraph (1) and Article 28 Paragraph (1) in conjunction with Article 45A Paragraph ( 1). 2) the criminal law policy against cyber crime in the form of phishing based on the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions is the amendment of the Law on ITE by formulating the concept of phishing and amending the contents of Article 35.

scholarly journals KEWENANGAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI REPUBLIK INDONESIA DALAM PEMBENTUKAN NORMA BARU (SUATU KAJIAN TERHADAP PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 21/PUU-XII/2014 JO PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 46/PUU-XIV/2016)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Elisabet . ◽  
Cut Memi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Legal Norm ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic

One of the authorities of the Constitutional Court governed by the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945 was the examining of laws against the contitution or judicial review. Inside the regulations which governing the implementation of this authority, the Constitutional Court only acts as a negative legislator, namely canceling or reinforcing a norm tested by the Petitioner. But in practice, the Constitutional Court has changed its role to become a positive legislator, who is forming a new legal norm, which is the authority of legislators. The Constitutional Court should not be able to form a new legal norm because there is no legal basis which regulate that. But Constitutional Court can form a new legal norm in some urgent circumstances, relating to Human Rights, and preventing legal vacuum. In addition, the establishment of laws by lawmakers that require a long process and time. This is compelling Constitutional Court to make substitute norm before the law was established by the legislators. In the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 46/PUU-XVI/2016, the Court actually wants to establish a new legal norm, but because the articles in the petitioned have criminal sanctions, and if the Constitutional Court approves the petition, the Constitutional Court has formulated a new criminal act that can only be formed by the lawmaker. Whereas in the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 21/PUU-XII/2014, the Constitutional Court established a new norm because in the article a quo there were no criminal sanctions.

scholarly journals THE IDEA OF FRANCHISE AS A MODERN CONCEPT OF ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT: THE EXPERIENCE OF POLAND

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (Vol 19, No 2 (2020)) ◽  
pp. 265-282
Author(s):  
Stanisław SZMITKA
Keyword(s):  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
The World ◽  
European Code ◽  
The Law

Over the years, the franchise has become an attractive model for the sale of products and services, as well as a means of developing the franchisor’s business. Franchising systems around the world have become very popular among franchisees, who receive an already proven cost-effective business model in exchange for payments, purchases and other services from the franchisor. These systems also bring intangible benefits in the form of encouraging the promotion of entrepreneurship in society. Polish franchise legislation has systematic nature and is based on the Civil Code, the Law on Industrial Property, the Law on Combating Unfair Competition, the Law on Protection of Competition and Consumer Rights, the Law on Copyright and Related Rights, European Code of Ethics for Franchising. Taking into account the legal regulations, the mechanism of the Polish model of franchising is revealed and the newest forms of its use in business activity are distinguished.

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