Cosmogony in the Perspective of the Prophet of Muhammad’s Utterances

The study reports on a version of the cosmogonic information amidst the various chronicle stories of the world's great tribes. The Prophet Muhammad's version of cosmogony has dimensions of transcendentalism. The version also contains the actual value of the Islamic faith, rather than just a myth. The study uses qualitative with library research, and the data were sourced from nine standard hadith books, at digital ‘Lidwa Pustaka-I’ Software ‘Kitab 9 Imam Hadith’ (2009). The study applied thematic and chronological methods to describe how the universe has begun, created a shape until the end of its existence. Allah has created the universe from ‘nothing’ into ‘existence’. Based on His mercy, pre-designed was pitch black at the beginning of the world’s creation. Light arose simultaneously with the process of the occurring part of the universe. The findings reveal that the entire contents of the universe designated as facilities for life where the earth is helpful for human life. At one point, nature will shrink because Allah grasps it, the layout of every celestial body changes completely, and its aftermath is unknown to humans. Abstrak: Kajian ini melaporkan informasi pada sebuah versi kosmogonik di tengah berbagai kisah kronik suku-suku besar dunia. Kosmogoni versi Nabi Muhammad SAW memiliki dimensi transendentalisme. Versi tersebut juga memuat nilai aktual dari akidah Islam, bukan sekedar mitos. Penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif dengan studi kepustakaan, dan data bersumber dari sembilan kitab hadis standar, pada software digital 'Lidwa Pustaka-I' 'Kitab 9 Imam Hadith' (2009). Kajian ini menerapkan metode tematik dan kronologis untuk menggambarkan bagaimana alam semesta dimulai, diciptakan dan dibentuk hingga akhir keberadaannya. Allah telah menciptakan alam semesta dari 'tidak ada' menjadi 'ada'. Berdasarkan rahmat-Nya, pra-desain dalam keadaan gelap gulita pada awal penciptaan dunia. Cahaya muncul bersamaan dengan proses terjadinya alam semesta. Temuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa seluruh isi alam semesta ditetapkan sebagai fasilitas kehidupan dan bumi bermanfaat bagi kehidupan manusia. Pada suatu saat, alam akan menyusut karena Allah menggenggamnya, tata letak setiap benda angkasa berubah total, dan akibatnya tidak diketahui manusia. Kata-kata kunci: kosmogoni, perspektif, sabda Nabi

Implementation Of ‘Mudharabah’ Contracts And Their Impacts On Fund-Raising Products In Jambi Sharia Banking

Funds with the ‘mudharabah’ principle are investment funds so that Islamic banks share the proceeds only to the owners of funds that use the ‘mudharabah’ principle. The collection of funds is applied to savings and deposit products that use ‘mudharabah’ contracts. The amount of income received by the owner of the ‘mudharabah’ fund is part of the income received in cash from the distribution of funds by Islamic banks. Therefore, the funds collected with the ‘mudharabah’ principle are one of the elements in calculating profit sharing. The problem raised in the research is how to implement the ‘mudharabah’ contract and its impact on fund-raising products in Islamic banking. Two main things affect the quality or results of research: the quality of research instruments and the quality of data collection. The quality of research instruments relates to the validity and reliability of the instruments and the quality of data collection regarding the accuracy of the methods used to collect data. Therefore, an instrument tested for validity and reliability may not necessarily produce valid and reliable data if the instrument is not appropriately used in collecting data. The type of research was the quantitative technique used through interviews, observations, and documentation. In analyzing the data obtained, the authors used descriptive techniques. The results showed that applying ‘mudharabah’ contracts to fund-raising products at Islamic banks is only applied to savings and deposit products, and the advantages of products that use ‘mudharabah’ contracts are basically to make it easier for customers to transact. These products can be used as financing guarantees. There are supporting and inhibiting factors in the products that use ‘mudharabah’ contracts. These supporting factors include the existence of Islamic sharia principles, which are used as a reference for implementing a profit-sharing system on all products, especially savings and deposit products, and the existence of infrastructure facilities within the company that are pretty complete. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors include the lack of socialization regarding Islamic banks' existence. Abstrak: Dana dengan prinsip 'mudharabah' adalah dana investasi sehingga bank syariah membagi hasil hanya kepada pemilik dana yang menggunakan prinsip 'mudharabah'. Penghimpunan dana diterapkan pada tabungan dan deposito dengan akad mudharabah. Besarnya pendapatan yang diterima oleh pemilik dana mudharabah merupakan bagian dari pendapatan yang diterima secara tunai dari penyaluran dana oleh bank syariah. Oleh karena itu, dana yang dihimpun dengan prinsip 'mudharabah' menjadi salah satu unsur dalam menghitung bagi hasil. Masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana penerapan akad mudharabah dan dampaknya terhadap penghimpunan dana di perbankan syariah. Dua hal utama yang mempengaruhi kualitas atau hasil penelitian: kualitas instrumen penelitian dan kualitas pengumpulan data. Kualitas instrumen penelitian berkaitan dengan validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen serta kualitas pengumpulan data mengenai ketepatan metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah teknik kuantitatif melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Dalam menganalisis data yang diperoleh, penulis menggunakan teknik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan akad mudharabah pada produk penghimpunan dana di bank syariah hanya berlaku pada produk tabungan dan deposito, dan keunggulan produk yang menggunakan akad mudharabah pada dasarnya adalah untuk memudahkan nasabah dalam bertransaksi. Produk-produk ini dapat digunakan sebagai jaminan pembiayaan. Ada faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam produk yang menggunakan akad mudharabah. Faktor pendukung tersebut antara lain adanya prinsip syariah Islam yang dijadikan acuan penerapan sistem bagi hasil pada semua produk khususnya produk tabungan dan deposito, serta adanya sarana prasarana di dalam perusahaan yang cukup lengkap. Sedangkan faktor penghambatnya antara lain kurangnya sosialisasi tentang keberadaan bank syariah. Kata-kata kunci: mudharabah, implementasi, dampak, produk penghimpunan dana, perbankan syariah.

Philosophy of Science: Definition, Object of Study, Scope, and Method

Philosophy of Science is the study of all human life and thought phenomena critically and described in basic concepts. Philosophy is necessary for proving an accident or phenomenon and substance because, with philosophy, it can be proven that something exists or might exist. After all, with reason, a substance can be proven, and that the substance was formed from philosophy. There are two objects of study in the philosophy of science: a) material objects and b) formal objects. The scope of the philosophy of science is threefold, namely: a) Ontology, b) Epistemology, and c) Axiology. There are ten basic methods of philosophy of science, but in this study, the author only discusses three methods: a) Positivism Method, b) Phenomenological Method, and c) Critical Method. The purpose of the philosophy of science is to break the confinement of the human mind. By understanding and studying philosophy, humans can break the ice, rigidity, and even confinement of their minds by re-questioning everything that exists. Abstrak: Filsafat Ilmu adalah studi tentang seluruh fenomena kehidupan dan pemikiran manusia secara kritis dan dijabarkan dalam konsep mendasar. Filsafat sangat dibutuhkan dalam membuktikan suatu aksiden atau fenomena dan Subtansi karena dengan filsafat bisa terbukti sesuatu itu ada atau mungkin ada, karena dengan akal bisa dibuktikan suatu substansi dan substansi itu terbentuknya dari filsafat. Objek Kajian dalam Filsafat Ilmu ada dua, yaitu: a) Objek Material dan b) Objek Formal. Ruang lingkup filsafat ilmu ada tiga, yaitu: a) Ontologi, b) Epistimologi dan c) Aksiologi. Metode filsafat ilmu pada dasarnya ada sepuluh metode, akan tetapi dalam kajian ini penulis hanya membahas tiga metode, yaitu: a) Metode Positivisme b) Metode Fenomenologi dan c) Metode Kritis. Tujuan filsafat ilmu sebagai pendobrak keterkungkungan pikiran manusia. Dengan memahami, dan mempelajari filsafat manusia dapat menghancurkan kebekuan, kakakuan, bahkan keterkungkungan pikirannya dengan kembali mempertanyakan segala yang ada. Kata-kata kunci: filsafat ilmu, pengertian, objek kajian, ruang lingkup, metode

Wills of ‘Wajibah’ and Renewal Thoughts of Islamic Inheritance Law in Indonesia

The Will of ‘Wajibah’ has been implemented in several Muslim countries, it is still debated. According to the majority of fiqh scholars, the obligation of will for a Muslim who is close to his death has been abolished by inheritance law. In addition, they argue that a will is ‘ikhtiyâriyah’ or an act of ‘ikhtiyâriyah’, the act depends on a person’s will, and it is not enforced by force (ijbariyah). This study tries to answer the controversy with the sub-problems of the actual concept of the mandatory will, the legal basis used by Islamic juries in determining the law, and how its reforms. This research is qualitative with a literature study and the sources used to include some ‘fiqh’ books and law books. To analyze the data, the author used content analysis methods, through inductive, deductive, and comparative thinking methods. The results of this study indicate that the mandatory will is new ‘ijtihad’ in the treasury of ‘ijtihad’. This concept was born from the reinterpretation of the will and inheritance verses by relating them to the context of today's social life with considerations of benefit or ‘mashlahah mursalah’. Abstrak: Wasiat wajibah meskipun telah berlaku di beberapa negara Muslim, masih mengundang perdebatan, antara lain disebabkan karena menurut pendapat mayoritas atau jumhur ulama fiqh kewajiban berwasiat bagi seorang Muslim yang telah mendekati masa kematiannya itu telah dihapuskan oleh hukum waris. Di samping itu, mereka juga berpendapat bahwa wasiat adalah perbuatan yang bersifat ikhtiyâriyah, yakni ada tidaknya wasiat tersebut tergantung kepada kehendak seseorang, tidak berlaku secara paksa (ijbâriyah). Penelitian ini, mencoba menjawab kontroversi sebagaimana dikemukakan di atas dengan sub masalah bagaimana sebenarnya konsep wasiat wajibah tersebut, apa landasan hukum yang digunakan oleh para juris Islam dalam menetapkan hukumnya dan bagaimana pembaruan yang terjadi di dalamnya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan studi kepustakaan yang menjadikan sejumlah kitab fiqh dan kitab undang-undang sebagai sumbernya. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode konten analisis, melalui metode berpikir induktif, deduktif dan komparatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa wasiat wajibah sejatinya merupakan ijtihad baru dalam khasanah ijtihad. Konsep ini lahir dari penafsiran ulang terhadap ayat-ayat wasiat dan ayat-ayat waris dengan mengaitkannya dengan konteks kehidupan sosial masyarakat sekarang dengan pertimbangan kemashlahatan atau mashlahah mursalah. Kata-kata kunci: pembaruan, ijtihad, hukum islam, wasiat wajibah

Revitalizing Local Wisdom in Committing Radicalism in Aceh

Local wisdom is known as a cultural asset that develops in an area, all policies and customs that play a role in Aceh will become a culture that is respected and appreciated in Aceh. In its development, local wisdom is very influential in protecting people's thoughts, including the seeds of radicalism. The existence of radicalism in Aceh was most evident during the conflict between the Republic of Indonesia and the separatist movement in Aceh. After the peace period of the MOU Helsingki took place, radicalism in Aceh did not occur openly. Only ripples of thought trying to incite from within the disapproval of the current government. You could say, the turmoil arose because of the influence of political color, where the current population of Aceh is quantitatively more inclined to the failed presidential candidate. The problem raised in this study is how to revitalize the values ​​of Aceh's local wisdom which are threatened with fading due to the globalization of foreign cultures. This research design uses qualitative with reference sources based on literature and field studies. The analysis technique is descriptive. The findings of this study are that local wisdom is ideal in countering the existence of radicalism in Aceh through the media meuseumeuraya, tengku authorities, implementing the values ​​of ‘hadih madja’, sub-district da'i programs, and so on. In conclusion, strengthening local wisdom in Aceh is very urgent because the character of the Acehnese people respects traditional values ​​and authority more than the government authority. Abstrak: Kearifan lokal dikenal sebagai aset budaya yang berkembang di suatu daerah, semua kebijakan dan kebiasaan yang memainkan peran keacehan akan menjadi suatu kultur yang dihormati dan dihargai di Aceh. Pada perkembangannya kearifan lokal sangat berpengaruh dalam memproteksi pemikiran masyarakat termasuk bibit-bibit radikalisme. Eksistensi radikalisme di Aceh paling kentara terjadi pada masa konflik antara NKRI dan gerakan sparatis di Aceh. Setelah masa damai MOU Helsingki terjadi, radikalisme di Aceh tidak terjadi secara terbuka. Hanya riak-riak pemikiran yang mencoba menghasut dari dalam tentang ketidaksetujuan terhadap pemerintahan saat ini. Bisa dibilang, gejolak itu muncul karena pengaruh warna politik yang mana saat ini penduduk Aceh secara kuantitas lebih condong pada calon Presiden yang gagal terpilih. Adapun masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana merevitalisasikan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal Aceh yang terancam pudar akibat serangan globalisasi budaya luar. Design penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif dengan sumber referensi berbasis kajian pustaka dan lapangan. Teknik analisis berupa deskriptif. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah kearifan lokal sangat ideal dalam menangkal eksistensi radikalisme di Aceh melalui media meuseumeuraya, otoritas tengku,implementasi nilai hadih madja, program da’i kecamatan dan lain sebagainya. Kesimpulannya, penguatan kearifan lokal di Aceh sangat urgen karena karakter masyarakat Aceh lebih menghormati nilai dan otoritas adat dibanding otoritas pemerintah. Kata-kata kunci: revitalisasi, kearifan lokal, radikalisme

Mediation in Marriage Disputes and Divorce (Analytical Study on the Application of Mediation in the Gorontalo Religious Court)

This article discussed mediation as a way of resolving marital disputes. Divorce was one form of marital dispute in the Religious Courts, and in terms of resolving marital disputes, mediation was required. Although the rules of mediation in the judiciary are very clear, the facts show that the disputing parties and the courts have not optimized their use so that the divorce rate every year does not experience a significant decrease; on the contrary, it increases. The theory regarding mediation procedures in the Religious Courts has clearly been stated in the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia (No. 1 of 2016). This article aims to analyze the implementation of the mediation process at the Gorontalo Religious Court. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more in-depth research on the effectiveness of the Gorontalo Religious Court to resolve marital disputes that lead to divorce, which can be avoided, and the litigants can get back together and foster a ‘sakinah mawaddah wa rahmah’ household. This article used a qualitative with an empirical juridical approach. It could be concluded that the mediation had been carried out at the Gorontalo Religious Court under the Regulation of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia (No. 1 of 2016). Four factors affect successful and unsuccessful mediation, namely the litigation party factor, the mediator factor, the advocate or lawyer factor, and the representative mediation room factor.

The Socio-Historical Criticism Toward Sunnah and Ijma' In Fazlur Rahman Perspective

Sunnah and Ijma' are among the two propositions of Islamic law used by all schools of Sunni, which by Fazlur Rahman as a neo-modernist gives both specific concepts, and he succeeded in answering orientalists’ criticisms regarding the existence and strengths. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, and includes library research type. The analysis technique used is descriptive technique. The results of this study show that Fazlur Rahman recognizes the Sunnah and Ijma’ as the postulates of Islamic law, and he also describes them based on social and historical conditions critically, and refutes all criticisms and doubts of the orientalists, with the arguments can be proven by facts, data, and spectacular. This shows that the Sunnah and Ijma’ in Fazlur Rahman's view are the same as the previous classical scholars, and he is even able to describe them in a socio-historical and historical-critical frame.

Prophetic Leadership: Examining The Prophetic Leadership Concept of The Prophet Muhammad SAW

In the study of Islamic Education Management (MPI), it is necessary to develop a theory or concept of leadership based on Islamic values, one of which is the concept of prophetic leadership. This study aims to analyze how the prophetic leadership concept of the Prophet Muhammad SAW can be applied in organizations. This research was conducted qualitatively with a literature review. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model, which consisted of three activities: data analysis, data reduction, and verification. The study results explain that the concept of prophetic leadership is leadership based on prophetic (apostolic) values. The prophetic leadership character of the Prophet Muhammad is known by four characters, namely Fatanah, Amanah, Sidiq, and Tabligh. Apart from these four characters, The Prophet Muhammad SAW is also known as a prophet whom Allah SWT sent to be a mercy for the universe. The implication of the Prophet Muhammad's Prophetic Leadership is that each of his followers is encouraged to imitate these characters and apply them in their daily lives. Abstrak: Dalam kajian Manajemen Pendidikan Islam (MPI) perlu mengembangkan teori atau konsep kepemimpinan yang berlandaskan pada nilai-nilai Islam, salah satunya adalah konsep kepemimpinan profetik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis bagaimana konsep kepemimpinan profetik Nabi Muhammad saw yang dapat diterapkan dalam organisasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan kajian literatur. Analisis data menggunakan model miles dan huberman yang terdiri dari tiga kegiatan, yaitu analisis data, reduksi data dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa konsep kepemimpinan profetik adalah kepemimpinan yang didasarkan pada nilai-nilai kenabian (kerasulan). Karakter kepemimpinan profetik Nabi Muhammad saw, dikenal dengan empat karakter, yaitu Fatanah, Amanah, Shidiq, dan Tabligh. Selain empat karakter ini, Nabi Muhammad saw, juga dikenal sebagai nabi yang diutus oleh Allah swt untuk menjadi rahmat bagi semesta alam. Implikasi dari Kepemimpinan Profetik Nabi Muhammad saw adalah setiap umatnya didorong untuk meneladani karakter tersebut dan menerapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kata-kata kunci: Kepemimpinan Profetik, Nabi Muhammad SAW, Rahmat

Women, Islamic Boarding Schools, and Communications: Interpersonal Approach of Islamic Boarding School Leadership

The reality of pesantren that is identical with Kyai and masculinity is caused by a gender bias towards women's leadership. Women are deemed incapable of being communication leaders to mobilize Islamic Boarding school activities. Contrary to that, this article aims to prove that women's leadership communication patterns can positively impact pesantren activities, even though a female leader faces several problems at the Islamic boarding school. This article uses a descriptive qualitative method based on the leadership observation of Dra. Tiaman at the Ummul Masakin Islamic Boarding School, Jambi. This study also uses in-depth interview techniques and data documentation related to the themes: 1) Leadership, 2) Communication, and 3) Islamic boarding schools. The article reveals that the leadership of women in Islamic boarding schools can positively impact the development of the students' personality and the activities of the Islamic Boarding School because interpersonal communication patterns dominate the communication patterns that are built. Women have the power of wisdom to drive positive things and minimize negative things, such as conflicts or disharmony problems, especially in Islamic educational institutions such as Islamic boarding schools. Abstrak: Realitas pesantren yang identik dengan kiyai dan maskulinitas disebabkan oleh bias gender terhadap kepemimpinan perempuan. Perempuan dianggap tidak cakap menjadi communication leader untuk menggerakkan aktifitas kepesantrenan. Bertentangan dengan itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa pola komunikasi kepemimpinan perempuan mampu memberikan dampak yang positif terhadap aktifitas pesantren, meskipun terdapat berberapa problematika yang dihadapi oleh seorang pemimpin perempuan di pondok pesantren. Artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dari observasi kepemimpinan Dra. Tiaman di pondok pesantren Ummul Masakin, Jambi. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi data yang berkaitan dengan tema: 1) Kepemimpinan, 2) Komunikasi, dan 3) Pondok pesantren. Artikel menyimpulkan bahwa Kepemimpinan perempuan di pondok pesantren dapat memberikan dampak positif kepada pengembangan kepribadian santri dan aktifitas kepesantrenan karena pola komunikasi yang dibangun yang didominasi oleh pola komunikasi interpersonal. Hal ini disebabkan perempuan memiliki kekuatan wisdom yang mampu menggerakkan hal positif dan meminimalisir hal negative, seperti konflik atau problem disharmoni khususnya pada lembaga pendidikan Islam seperti pesantren. Kata-kata kunci: Pola Komunikasi, Pemimpin Perempuan, Pondok Pesantren

Stress Management during the Covid 19 Pandemic: Solutions and Settlement Approaches at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Hidayah, Bandung City

The Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on all aspects of life. One of the sectors affected is education. Educational activities that were initially carried out regularly, due to the Covid-19 pandemic all educational activities were carried out online. This change raises various kinds of stress in the educational institution organization. This study aims to explore stress management at MA Al-Hidayah during the Covid 19 pandemic by reviewing its form, settlement strategy and impact. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation study. The results showed that there were three forms of stress experienced by school principals, teachers, students and parents of students at MA Al-Hidayah during the Covid 19 pandemic, namely stress in the form of frustration, pressure and change. Strategies taken to deal with stress include a) eliminating stressors or stressors, b) controlling the consequences of stress, c) changing individual perceptions of stressors, d) providing moral and social support. While the impact of stress refers to six aspects including a) psychological aspects, b) health aspects, c) performance aspects, d) cognitive aspects, e) emotional aspects and f) behavioral aspects. Abstrak: Pandemi covid-19 berdampak pada seluruh aspek kehidupan. Salah satu sektor yang terdampak adalah pendidikan. Kegiatan pendidikan yang mulanya dilaksanakan secara tetap muka, karena pandemi covid-19 seluruh kegiatan pendidikan dilaksanakan secara online. Perubahan ini memunculkan berbagai macam stress dalam organisasi lembaga pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplore manajemen stress di MA Al-Hidayah pada masa pandemi covid 19 dengan meninjau bentuk, strategi penyelesaian, dan dampaknya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat tiga bentuk stress yang dialami oleh kepala sekolah, guru, siswa dan orang tua siswa di MA Al-Hidayah pada masa pandemi covid 19 yaitu stress dalam bentuk frustasi, tekanan, dan perubahan. Strategi yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi stress tersebut di antaranya adalah dengan a) menghilangkan stressor atau pemicu stress, b) mengendalikan konsekuensi stress, c) mengubah persepsi individu terhadap stressor, d) memberikan dukungan moral dan sosial. Sedangkan dampak stress mengacu pada enam aspek di antaranya adalah a) aspek psikologis, b) aspek kesehatan, c) aspek kinerja, d) aspek kognitif, e) aspek emosi dan f) aspek perilaku Kata-kata kunci: Manajemen Stress, Madrasah Aliyah, Pandemi Covid 19