scholarly journals APŠVIETIMAS KAIP ARCHITEKTŪROS MODERNUMO SIMBOLIS

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Martynas Valevičius
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Technical Development ◽  
New Era ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
The 19Th Century

The paper is designed to reveal the aesthetics of artificial lighting and its influence on the architecture of the 20th century. The main topics discussed are electric lighting, which appeard in our history at the end of the 19th century, and the technical development of lighting till the middle of the 20th century. Connections of artificial lighting with visual arts, its influence on advertisement, building architecture and the whole city are analysed. An idea is proposed that although lighting by nature was purely functional, very soon it acquired symbolic ambitions to represent architecture. In modern times architects understood that lighting was both a technological development and a symbol of a new era, when there appeared an independent field of creation - lighting architecture. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjama dirbtinio apšvietimo estetika ir jos įtaka XX a. architektūrai. Išryškinta XIX a. pabaigoje atsiradusio elektrinio apšvietimo svarba ir atskleista apšvietimo techninė raida iki XX a. vidurio. Nagrinėjamos dirbtinio apšvietimo sąsajos su vizualiaisiais menais, apšvietimo įtaka reklamai, pastatų architektūrai bei visam miestui. Straipsnyje keliama idėja, kad nors apšvietimo prigimtis pradžioje buvo grynai funkcionali, ji greitai įgavo simbolinių ambicijų – reprezentuoti architektūrą. Architektai į apšvietimą žvelgė ne tik kaip į technologinę pažangą, tai buvo naują erą ženklinantis simbolis, erą, kurioje atsiranda didelės įtakos visoms kūrybinėms idėjoms turinti nauja savarankiška kūrybos sritis – šviesos architektūra.

Antoni Tuchendler i Leon Plocker – twórcy polskiej powojennej szkoły gastrologicznej

Nowa Medycyna ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ciesielska ◽  
Przemysław Ciesielski
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Warsaw Ghetto ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
Jewish Hospital ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century

The origin of gastrology as an independent field of internal medicine began in the second half of the 19th century. The so-called “Polish gastrological school” of the first half of the 20th century was composed of, among others: Edward Korczyński, Walery Jaworski, Antoni Gluziński, Józef Wacław Grott, Ludwik Justman, Wilhelm Rubin, Anastazy Landau, Antoni Tuchendler and Leon Plockier (vel Plockier, Płocker, Płockier). Dr. Antoni Tuchendler, after graduating from the University of Dorpat, trained at the Charitè Clinic in Berlin. He worked in Warsaw and was a member of the prestigious Warsaw Medical Society. Before the outbreak of the war, Dr. Leon Plocker worked at the Czyste Jewish Hospital in Warsaw. In 1939 he took part in the defensive war and was taken prisoner by the Germans. In 1940 both doctors were forcibly relocated to the Warsaw ghetto. From 1942, Dr. Plocker hid after the so-called on the Aryan side under the false name of Konstanty Szustowski. He took part in the Warsaw Uprising as the commander of one of the field hospitals. The article is devoted to the fate of two of the above-mentioned doctors: Antoni Tuchendler and Leon Plocker. The first one dealt with the etiology and diagnosis of habitual constipation, the second focused his scientific work on issues related to the stomach cancer.

scholarly journals Missionaries and Orientalists Studies of Chinese Islam- Before the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Alimu Tuoheti
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Religious People ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the 19th century, the development of natural science and the emergence of enlightenment gradually gave birth to social science in modern Europe. As Europe opened the door to China in the middle of the 19th century, Western academia began to pay attention to China, and Western theories and methods progressively entered China and were accepted by Chinese scholars. Most saliently, some Christian missionaries and Orientalists have completed more serious studies of Islam in China, and published several corresponding works and research results on this basis. During this period, those who studied Islam and Muslims in China could be divided into two categories. the Religious people, including Christian missionaries. and Scholars, including Orientalists. Subsequently, when Western missionaries entered China, they found the presence of a large Muslim group, so they began to study them and organize missionary work. Although this missionary activity proved unsuccessful in terms of the number of converts to Christianity, it maintains a certain positive significance regarding religious and cultural exchange, and cross-civilizational interaction. Documents recording the encounters between Christianity and Islam in China since modern times are scattered in journals such as Chinese Repository, The Chinese Recorder, Friends of Moslems, The Moslem World and China’s Millions.

Visual Arts: Abstraction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Wisotzki
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Abstract Art ◽  
Western Society ◽  
American Artists ◽  
The 19Th Century

For avant-garde European and American artists at the turn of the 20th century, a nexus of developments encouraged the rejection of naturalism, which had driven most of Western art for more than four centuries. Despite the increasing secularization of Western society throughout the 19th century, religious beliefs and practices were one important source for artists’ experimentation with abstracting forms from nature. Christianity and other world religions aided artists who sought to shift the focus of their art from description to expression. Around 1910, certain European and American artists pressed forward to make art that they considered to be fully nonrepresentational. Still, the bridge between abstraction and nonrepresentation was a challenging one to cross and artists frequently invoked religious beliefs to justify leaving the natural world behind. The evolution of abstraction in Western visual arts was intimately linked to the modern era. As important as religious concepts may have been to individual artists around 1900, artists had gradually moved to the periphery of society in the 19th century, leaving behind the institutions, including churches, that had been their primary means of support. These changing relationships gave individual artists the freedom to explore new ideas but eliminated stable sources of income previously available to them. On the other side of the patronage divide, mainstream religions were already threatened by the radical modernization of Western society, so even though religious dogma was replete with abstract concepts, churches were reluctant to embrace abstraction in the visual arts. At the same time, while artists were committed to expressions of spiritual truth in their abstract art, their objects were rarely produced with a conventional church setting in mind. Emerging in the 19th century, the complex relationship among modern society, abstract art, and religious practices persisted well into the 20th century.

scholarly journals La emoción del paisaje en el joven Azorín

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Vidal Ortuño
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
New Era ◽  
Locus Amoenus ◽  
Excellent Description ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Variations On A Theme

Se estudia en este artículo el paisaje como materia literaria en el joven Azorín, el de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, renovador de viejos tópicos literarios como el beatus ille y el locus amoenus. A este tiempo nuevo le correspondería, qué duda cabe, una nueva estética (que quedará expresada en dos cuentos de Bohemia, 1897), cuyos postulados, sin duda innovadores, serán llevados a la práctica en Charivari (también de 1897), mediante una magnífica descripción del Collado de Salinas, lugar de huida y refugio para  J. Martínez Ruiz. Una descripción que, como tema con variaciones, aparecerá luego en otras obras del autor.  This article studies the landscape in regard to literary works in the young Azorín, the one from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, which renewed old literary clichés such as beatus ille and locus amoenus. In this new era, there is no question that, a new aesthetic (which will be expressed in two stories from Bohemia, 1897), whose postulates, undoubtedly innovative, will be put into practice in Charivari (also from 1897), through an excellent description of the Collado de Salinas, a place of refuge and flight for J. Martínez Ruiz. Such description, with variations on a theme, will be found later in other works of the writer.

scholarly journals Purna Man Chitrakar (1864 - 1939 AD): A Pioneer - Least Celebrated

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Madan Chitrakar
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Art History ◽  
New Era ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Oil Paints ◽  
The 19Th Century

A frequent debate or an issue favorite amongst the art-history buffs is usually found around when and who first used oil paints as a medium of painting and introduced photography in Nepal. On many occasions, the credits were attributed to a legendary name – Bhaju Man Chitrakar or Bhaju-macha. But it appears now many of those narratives were made more based on the popular hearsays rather than actual study of his oeuvre of works or a credible analysis of the circumstances then. The essay here seeks to analyze the roles of the prominent artists then – spanning late 80s of the 19th century to the late 30s of the 20th century. It is found the role played by a least celebrated artist Purna Man Chitrakar, seemed more credible – in ushering a new era, described as ‘Pre-modern’, with the irrefutable accounts of his workings in oil colors and photography. Moreover, his mentorship of many of the junior artists later proved momentous – leading to create different new streams in the evolution of Nepali Art – later.  

scholarly journals Apuntes sobre evaluación en talleres de artes visuales del nivel superior.

Sincronía ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol XXV (80) ◽  
pp. 550-564
Author(s):  
Víctor Alejandro Guillén García ◽  
◽  
Irma María Flores Alanís ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
Formal Study ◽  
Evaluation Strategies ◽  
School Programs ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
The 19Th Century

Education for the training of artists, outside the format of academies of the 19th century, is an activity that from the second half of the 20th century has been inserted in the curricula and formal study programs, since then, questions and Concerns about which are the best teaching and evaluation strategies regarding the research / creation processes approached in arts workshops (because artistic creation is hardly considered research), the above presents a challenge: to objectify with a critical sense , not only products and results, but also the practices and meanings of issues that, due to their constant evolution and nature, can become subjective. This article is born from the observations made during the January-June 2019 semester in a visual arts program of the higher level in Mexico, is based on the exploration and analysis of previous studies on education and evaluation in artistic disciplines, to analyze information that provides ideas that clarify aspects that can be evaluated by observing processes of Research and Artistic Creation (CI) born in school programs; the implicit possibilities and responsibilities, not only to students, but also to teachers and governing bodies, influencing through their practice, the society that embraces and supports them.

The history of Tatar mathematics education

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
Ildar Safuanov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Mathematical Education ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The 19Th Century

The history of mathematics education of the Tatar nation from Medieval to modern times is described. Three stages of the development of mathematical education in Tatar schools are traced: 1) Mathematical education in Arabic language (up to the last decades of the 19th century); 2) Mathematical education in old Turk-Tatar language with terminology mostly in Arabic (second half of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century); 3) Mathematical education in modern Tatar language (from the beginning of the 20th century, especially after the October revolution). Keywords: history, mathematics education, Tatar language

Immigrant Arab Women in Chile during the Renaissance (Nahda), 1910s-1920s

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Sarah Limorté
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
New World ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Arab Woman ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

Levantine immigration to Chile started during the last quarter of the 19th century. This immigration, almost exclusively male at the outset, changed at the beginning of the 20th century when women started following their fathers, brothers, and husbands to the New World. Defining the role and status of the Arab woman within her community in Chile has never before been tackled in a detailed study. This article attempts to broach the subject by looking at Arabic newspapers published in Chile between 1912 and the end of the 1920s. A thematic analysis of articles dealing with the question of women or written by women, appearing in publications such as Al-Murshid, Asch-Schabibat, Al-Watan, and Oriente, will be discussed.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICAN SHIP-ACCOUNTING PRACTICES TO 1900: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THREE VESSELS

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-51
Author(s):  
Jan Richard Heier
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Accounting Model ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The U.S

Accounting has always been utilitarian in nature. It adapts to the changes in the business environment by meeting the need for new types of information. The change in waterborne transportation in the U.S. during the 19th century provides an example of such an environmental change that led to a need for accounting adaptation. With the advent of the steamboat, old accounting methods were modified and new ones created to meet the changes in the business environment. In the process, a standardized ships-accounting model was developed. The model can be seen in the accounting records of three ships that sailed at the beginning of the 20th century.

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