scholarly journals MODELLING OF THE DEPENDENCE OF TRAVEL FREQUENCY ON THE LENGTH AND DURATION OF A JOURNEY. IMPROVEMENT OF CITY PASSENGER TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

Transport ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 223-225
Author(s):  
Jonas Butkevičius
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Urban Travel ◽  
Improvement Measures

The carried out research proved that the distribution of urban travel frequency according to the length and duration of a city journey can best be reflected by the Erlang k-distribution function. This function can be employed to predict time by work travel and the time of journeys during the morning rush-hour. The results of the research done by the author show that over 30% of the residents of Vilnius and Kaunas reach work using public transpm1 means. Their travel usually exceeds the normative length, i.e. over 40 min. The obtained statistical data indicate that the current public transpmt systems in Vilnius and Kaunas are inadequate to meet the residents'needs. Therefore the author has suggested a whole complex of various measures to develop the system of the Lithuanian urban passenger Transport. The main improvement measures have been proposed in accordance with the requirements for the passenger Transport as defined by European Economic Community. The implementation of the proposed measures would allow to restore the prestige of the urban passenger transport and encourage its development under the existing market conditions.

Programming the Common Market: The Making and Failure of a ‘Dirigiste’ Europe, 1957–1967

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hugo Canihac
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
European Economic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

This article contributes to the debate about the history of the political economy of the European Economic Community (EEC). It retraces the efforts during the early years of the EEC to implement a form of ‘European economic programming’, that is, a more ‘dirigiste’ type of economic governance than is usually associated with European integration. Based on a variety of archives, it offers a new account of the making and failure of this project. It argues that, at the time, the idea of economic programming found many supporters, but its implementation largely failed for political as well as practical reasons. In so doing, it also brings to light the role of economists during the early years of European integration.

scholarly journals A Novel Model for Determining Public Service Compensation in Integrated Public Transport Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordan Stojić ◽  
Dušan Mladenović ◽  
Olegas Prentkovskis ◽  
Slavko Vesković
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Optimal Approach ◽  
Novel Model

In free market conditions, if public passenger transport services are commercially unprofitable, there will be no interest for transport companies to perform them. However, directly because of the citizens’ interests, on the one hand, and indirectly because of the economy, passenger public transport services have become of a general public interest. The authorities must prepare appropriate legal fair market conditions, based on which public transport will be subsidized and conducted. In order to achieve that, for the mutual benefit of the public, users and transport companies, it is necessary that the right Public Service Obligation Model (PSO model or in some literature PCS—Public Service Compensation) be defined. Within this study, the optimal approach to assigning a PSC contract to transport companies for performing the PSO in integrated and regular public passenger transport systems is determined. A novel model, presented in this paper, can help national, regional and local authorities to choose and determine the way and level of PSCs for conducting the public transport of passengers and establishing a sustainable public passenger transport system.

Prospects for European Integration of the Republic of Moldova and the Constitutional Component

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
K. Gylka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
European Continent ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Republic

The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 28 European countries. The population is 508 million people, 24 official and working languages and about 150 regional and minority languages. The origins of the European Union come from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), consisting of six states in 1951 - Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. These countries came together to put an end to the wars that devastated the European continent, and they agreed to share control over the natural resources needed for war (coal and steel). The founding members of ECSC have determined that this European project will not only be developed in order to share resources or to prevent various conflicts in the region. Thus, the Rome Treaty of 1957 created the European Economic Community (EEC), which strengthened the political and economic relations between the six founding states. The relevance of the topic stems from their desire of peoples and countries to live better. The purpose of the study is to identify the internal and external development mechanisms of European countries and, on this basis, to formulate a model of economic, legislative and social development for individual countries. The results of the study provide a practical guideline for determining the vector of the direction of efforts of political, economic, legislative, humanitarian, etc.

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