A Novel Model for Determining Public Service Compensation in Integrated Public Transport Systems

In free market conditions, if public passenger transport services are commercially unprofitable, there will be no interest for transport companies to perform them. However, directly because of the citizens’ interests, on the one hand, and indirectly because of the economy, passenger public transport services have become of a general public interest. The authorities must prepare appropriate legal fair market conditions, based on which public transport will be subsidized and conducted. In order to achieve that, for the mutual benefit of the public, users and transport companies, it is necessary that the right Public Service Obligation Model (PSO model or in some literature PCS—Public Service Compensation) be defined. Within this study, the optimal approach to assigning a PSC contract to transport companies for performing the PSO in integrated and regular public passenger transport systems is determined. A novel model, presented in this paper, can help national, regional and local authorities to choose and determine the way and level of PSCs for conducting the public transport of passengers and establishing a sustainable public passenger transport system.

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The Effects of the Selective Enlargement of Fare-Free Public Transport

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12166390 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (16) ◽

pp. 6390 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Krzysztof Grzelec ◽

Aleksander Jagiełło

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Market Research ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Local Authorities ◽

The Public ◽

Transport Services ◽

Mode Of Transportation ◽

Free Transport ◽

Using Data

In recent years fare-free public transport (FFPT) found itself at the centre of attention of various groups, such as economists, transport engineers and local authorities, as well as those responsible for the organisation of urban transport. The FFPT is hoped to be the answer to contemporary transport-related problems within cities, problems which largely result from insensible proportions between trips carried out via personal mode of transportation and those completed by the means of public transport. This article reviews the motives and effects connected with the introduction to date of fare-free transport zones across the globe. It also presents, using data obtained in market research, the actual impact of a selective extension of the entitlement to free fares on the demand for urban transport services. The effects observed in other urban transport systems were then compared against those observed in relation to one, examined system. Analyses of observed FFPT implementation effects were then used to establish good and bad practices in the introduction of FFPT. The article also contains forecasts on the effect of the extension of entitlement to free fares and an increase in the public transport offer may have on the volume of demand for such services. The analyses have shown that an increase in the public transport offer (understood as an increase in the volume of vehicle-kilometres) would increase the demand for urban transport services more than the selective implementation of FFPT (assuming that the costs incurred by the local authorities remain unchanged).

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Public Service Obligation System Principles

JTTTP - JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT THEORY AND PRACTICE ◽

10.7251/jtttp1701008r ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1-2) ◽

Author(s):

Snježana Rajilić

Keyword(s):

Transport System ◽

Public Service ◽

Public Transport ◽

State Level ◽

Passenger Transport ◽

Local Authorities ◽

The Public ◽

Eu Countries ◽

Public Service Obligation ◽

The Eu

This paper tries to model the public passenger transport system in the railroad traffic from the aspect of the PSO obligation – the Public Transport Obligations, defined by a Regulation enacted by the state level of authority, in accordance with the EU Parliament Regulation 1370/2007/EC. The paper focuses on the aims of the Regulation which regulate the PSO principles, system financing, compensation and subsidies systems. It also establishes the conditions and trends in EU countries. There is also stress about the structure of expenses and income in the exploitation process in relation to the need for subsidies by local authorities for the transport of passengers

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Analysis of Public Transport Services with Various Criteria

Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.2478/sjce-2020-0027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 23-28

Author(s):

Marek Braniš ◽

Matej Šulík ◽

Jakub Takacs ◽

Tibor Schlosser

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Point Of View ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Master Plan ◽

The Public ◽

Transport Services ◽

Car Traffic ◽

Capacity Limit ◽

Key Issues

AbstractWith the current worldwide trend of increasing individual car traffic in urban road networks, public transport has become one of the key issues for the sustainable future of transport in cities, especially when the level of automobilization is growing rapidly. Many cities are already at the capacity limit of an existing road network. Therefore, many cities are trying to solve the question of how to improve the existing systems of public transport to become more attractive for their citizens. The quality of the public transport service from a passenger’s point of view is not only about the number of links and their occupancy, but also about the time and distance availability of stops and stations. When we were creating the general master plan for one small Slovak town, we tried to take various criteria into account. Of course, it was also necessary to carry out traffic surveys to determine the occupancy of public transport systems, but equally important was to determine the isochrones and isodistances of the passengers. The lessons learned and complications that arose from the preparation and realization of the actual analysis of the results in the creation of the general master plan are set out in the contribution.

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A GIS-Based Methodology for Evaluating the Increase in Multimodal Transport between Bicycle and Rail Transport Systems. A Case Study in Palermo

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi10050321 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 321

Author(s):

Alessandro Emilio Capodici ◽

Gabriele D’Orso ◽

Marco Migliore

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Public Transport ◽

Choice Model ◽

Rail Transport ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Sustainable Mobility ◽

Transit System ◽

Modal Choice ◽

Transport Services ◽

Multimodal Transport

Background: In a world where every municipality is pursuing the goals of more sustainable mobility, bicycles play a fundamental role in getting rid of private cars and travelling by an eco-friendly mode of transport. Additionally, private and shared bikes can be used as a feeder transit system, solving the problem of the first- and last-mile trips. Thanks to GIS (Geographic Information System) software, it is possible to evaluate the effectiveness of such a sustainable means of transport in future users’ modal choice. Methods: Running an accessibility analysis of cycling and rail transport services, the potential mobility demand attracted by these services and the possible multimodality between bicycle and rail transport systems can be assessed. Moreover, thanks to a modal choice model calibrated for high school students, it could be verified if students will be really motivated to adopt this solution for their home-to-school trips. Results: The GIS-based analysis showed that almost half of the active population in the study area might potentially abandon the use of their private car in favour of a bike and its combination with public transport systems; furthermore, the percentage of the students of one high school of Palermo, the Einstein High School, sharply increases from 1.5% up to 10.1%, thanks also to the combination with the rail transport service. Conclusions: The GIS-based methodology shows that multimodal transport can be an effective way to pursue a more sustainable mobility in cities and efficiently connect suburbs with low-frequent public transport services to the main public transport nodes.

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TRANSIÇÕES INSTITUCIONAIS NOS TRANSPORTES PÚBLICOS: A EXPERIÊNCIA BRITÂNICA DE DESREGULAMENTAÇÃO

TRANSPORTES ◽

10.14295/transportes.v3i2.318 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Joaquim Jose Guilherme de Aragão

Keyword(s):

Market Orientation ◽

Public Transport ◽

Transport Sector ◽

British Government ◽

Passenger Transport ◽

Present Contribution ◽

The Public ◽

Direct Operation ◽

The Common

Na presente contribuição, analisa-se a experiência britânica de desregulamentação do transporte publico de passageiro. Inicialmente, retomam-se as discussões que colocaram em questão o padrão comum de envolvimento do Estado nesses serviços, que é de regulamentá-lo fortemente, subsidiá-lo e até de operá-lo. Descrevem-se as medidas colocadas em prática pelo governo britânico para reintroduzir a pura lógica de mercado no setor, assim como as justificativas por ele declaradas. Em seguida, são resumidas as avaliações por parte de diversas fontes, da dita experiência, sendo esse resumo sistematizado nos submodos transporte urbano, transporte rodoviário interurbano e transporte rural. Após esse relato, retoma-se o confronto de discussões, desta vez das realizadas depois da implantação do processo. Por fim, a luz dessas análises e a título de conclusão, algumas indagações sobre a estrutura econômica e institucional do setor de transporte publico são colocadas pelo autor.Abstract:In the present contribution, the British public passenger transport deregulation experience is analyzed. Initially, the discussions which put into question the common role of State with respect to these services (strong regulation, subsidies and even direct operation by government) are resumed. The measures taken by the British Government in order to reintroduce market orientation into the sector and also their justifications are then described. In a further section, the evaluations made by several studies on deregulation experience are systemized with respect to urban, intercity rural transport. After this description, the opinions and positions put after the ion of the deregulation experiation are resumed. Finally and conclusively, the author puts some questions on the economic and institutional structure of the public transport sector.

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A Proposal of Measures Towards a Qualitative Enhancement of Bus Transport Services in the Primorsko-goranska County

Pomorstvo ◽

10.31217/p.32.1.6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 50-58

Author(s):

Siniša Vilke ◽

Tomislav Krljan ◽

Borna Debelić

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Data ◽

Current Situation ◽

Passenger Transport ◽

Transport Service ◽

The Public ◽

Transport Services ◽

Passenger Flows ◽

Bus Transport ◽

Density Rate

The survey, which consisted of counting, polling and recording, has provided data on the existing volume of passenger flows in public bus stations/terminals within the Primorsko-goranska (Littoral-Mountainous) County (hereinafter: the PG County), the density rate of passengers on bus lines that operate on County connections and on bus lines connecting the PG County with other counties in Croatia. In addition to the quantitative parameters, the qualitative data were analyzed that had been obtained by polling passengers at the Rijeka bus terminal, whereupon detailed opinions of direct users of the service were elaborated with the aim of obtaining a picture of the current situation of the public bus transport in the PG County. The data collected were used in evaluating the quality of the passenger transport service provided and in determining measures to be taken in order to bring both the actual quality of transport and the satisfaction of passengers to a higher level.

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BRIDGING TOURIST ATTRACTIONS. THE ROLE OF WATERBUSES IN URBAN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF THE COASTAL CITY OF GDAŃSK (POLAND)

GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites ◽

10.30892/gtg.34116-627 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 126-131

Author(s):

Maciej TARKOWSKI ◽

◽

Marcin POŁOM ◽

Krystian PUZDRAKIEWICZ ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Spatial Development ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Tourist Attractions ◽

Public Transport System ◽

Coastal City ◽

Transport Services ◽

International Importance ◽

Tourist Center

Identification of the role of the waterbus system in the development of tourism in a large coastal city – a tourist center of international importance. Cartographic materials, qualitative and quantitative data on the waterbus system, spatial development and tourist traffic were used. Quantitative temporal and spatial analyses were conducted, including GIS analyses. Service of the tourist traffic is the dominant function of the waterbus in Gdańsk. This is determined by three categories of factors: (i) the seasonal nature of the system and a low level of integration with the public transport system; (ii) low potential demand for transport services due to the fact that most of the stops are far away from large residential or work centers; (iii) proximity of most of the city’s main tourist attractions to the stops. The obtained results are helpful in programming the development of public transport systems, especially in large tourist coastal cities. The conditions of spatial development are of key importance for shaping the dominant function of the waterbus.

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Approbation of Methods for Assessing Transport Services Quality

World of Transport and Transportation ◽

10.30932/1992-3252-2019-17-2-154-164 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 154-164

Author(s):

M. A. Kudryashov ◽

R. S. Ayriev ◽

A. V. Prokopenkov

Keyword(s):

Public Service ◽

Euclidean Distance ◽

Services Quality ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Passenger Transport ◽

Transport Services ◽

Provision Of Services ◽

The City ◽

Ward Method

The article presents the results of approbation of the methodology for assessing the quality of public service by urban passenger transport of municipal routes, which are assigned to commercial enterprises under the new management model, regarding the city ofMoscow. The model provides for provision of services of regular transportation of passengers and baggage on the basis of public contracts with city administration. According to the results of a previously performed hierarchical cluster analysis, where the Euclidean distance with a single rule for cluster unification was used as a measure of proximity using the Ward method, ten routes were selected for assessment. Key parameters for assessment the quality of provided services comprised accessibility of stopping points, of social facilities, of transport facilities for people with disabilities, information facilities, price affordability, comfort, optimal passenger capacities of vehicle, and ecological friendliness. Conclusions have been drawn that the level of quality of transport services for passengers inMoscowis high.

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TANGGUNGJAWAB BLU TRANSJAKARTA TERHADAP PIHAK KETIGA DALAM HAL TERJADI KECELAKAAN MENURUT UU NO. 22 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG LALU LINTAS DAN ANGKUTAN JALAN

Jurnal Dinamika Hukum ◽

10.20884/1.jdh.2014.14.3.314 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Elfrida R Gultom

Keyword(s):

Public Service ◽

Public Transport ◽

Third Parties ◽

Third Party ◽

Service Agency ◽

Transportation Services ◽

The Public ◽

The Third ◽

The Third Party ◽

Ticket Prices

The objective of Busway development is to provide transportation services faster, safer, comfortable, and affordable for people in Jakarta. Ticket prices are subsidized by the local government busway. Busway given special line, however could not be separated from the accident. In a carriage, in the event of an accident then apply provisions of Law No. 22 of 2009 on Traffic and Transportation. If there is a loss that hit the third party then setting responsibilities Public Service Agency TransJakarta Busway to third parties refer to the provisions of Article 194 paragraph (1) which determines that the public transport companies are not responsible for any losses suffered by third parties, unless the third party may prove that the loss is caused by the fault of public transport company. Under these provisions, if the third party wants to sue for damages, ketigalah party must prove the fault of the carrier, the claim is based on the basis of tort or on the basis of error set forth in Article 1365 of the Civil Code which stipulates that any action unlawfully harming others, require the person who carries the loss offset. Keywords: transport, the responsibility of the carrier, a third party, transport law

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Quality of Bus Services Performance: Benefits of Real Time Passenger Information Systems

Transport and Telecommunication Journal ◽

10.2478/ttj-2013-0013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 155-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Andres Monzon ◽

Sara Hernandez ◽

Rocio Cascajo

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Public Transport ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Travel Behaviour ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Sustainable Transport ◽

The Public ◽

Steady Growth ◽

Bus Services

One of the main problems in urban areas is the steady growth in car ownership and traffic levels. Therefore, the challenge of sustainability is focused on a shift of the demand for mobility from cars to collective means of transport. For this purpose, buses are a key element of the public transport systems. In this respect Real Time Passenger Information (RTPI) systems help people change their travel behaviour towards more sustainable transport modes. This paper provides an assessment methodology which evaluates how RTPI systems improve the quality of bus services performance in two European cities, Madrid and Bremerhaven. In the case of Madrid, bus punctuality has increased by 3%. Regarding the travellers perception, Madrid raised its quality of service by 6% while Bremerhaven increased by 13%. On the other hand, the users´ perception of Public Transport (PT) image increased by 14%.

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