scholarly journals CONGESTION EFFECTS OF AUTONOMOUS TAXI FLEETS

Transport ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Maciejewski ◽  
Joschka Bischoff
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Road Capacity ◽  
Private Car ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Fleets of shared Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) could replace private cars by providing a taxi-like service but at a cost similar to driving a private car. On the one hand, large Autonomous Taxi (AT) fleets may result in increased road capacity and lower demand for parking spaces. On the other hand, an increase in vehicle trips is very likely, as travelling becomes more convenient and affordable, and additionally, ATs need to drive unoccupied between requests. This study evaluates the impact of a city-wide introduction of ATs on traffic congestion. The analysis is based on a multi-agent transport simulation (MATSim) of Berlin (Germany) and the neighbouring Brandenburg area. The central focus is on precise simulation of both real-time AT operation and mixed autonomous/conventional vehicle traffic flow. Different ratios of replacing private car trips with AT trips are used to estimate the possible effects at different stages of introducing such services. The obtained results suggest that large fleets operating in cities may have a positive effect on traffic if road capacity increases according to current predictions. ATs will practically eliminate traffic congestion, even in the city centre, despite the increase in traffic volume. However, given no flow capacity improvement, such services cannot be introduced on a large scale, since the induced additional traffic volume will intensify today’s congestion.

EVALUASI KINERJA JALAN NASIONAL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK LALU LINTAS PADA RUAS JALAN NASIONAL KOTA PALEMBANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sartika Nisumanti ◽  
Evina Krisna
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Capacity ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>The roads</em><em> </em><em>transportation is an </em><em>important infrastructure as one of the land transportation infrastructures for the movement of social activities and to support economic development, specifically in Palembang City. </em><em>The population growth of Palembang City has resulted in an increase in the number of vehicles and highway users. As a result</em><em>, transportation activities in Palembang, especially at Parameswara </em><em>roads are increasing. </em><em>The impact of this, there will be heavy traffic volume, resulting in conflicts on the road, which lead to traffic accidents. </em><em>Therefore</em><em>, there will be congestion and a decrease in the performance of the road speed.</em></p><p><em>The research is conducted at Parameswara Road in Palembang that visually diminished the ability to accommodate the road traffic volume per day, accordingly the effect of traffic that occurs due to the lack of road capacity as the sequence of large volume traffic. The purpose of this study is to determine the capacity and level of road services to carried out the performance value on this road. The method used in the analysis is the Greenshield model, Greenberg, and Underwood. This study explains the maximum volume at peak hour that develop on Monday is between 1561 smp/hour and 1549 smp/hour. Whereas the lowest is around 1225 smp/hour and 1008 smp/hour that occurs on Sunday. Therefore, the analysis of service level on the research years at Parameswara Road depicts the saturated traffic conditions and low starting speed with D service index category and service level analysis at 10 years of planning time projections, the lpda result is from 2022 to 2026, The Parameswara road conditions at E and F service index categories are the traffic jam circumstances and slight speed. Hence, it necessitates constructing a non-plot way at Parameswara Road intersection to tackle this traffic congestion.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>:<strong> </strong></em><em>Greenshield, Greenberg, Underwood</em>, <em>Road Capacity</em><em>.</em></p>

scholarly journals An Efficiency Enhancing Methodology for Multiple Autonomous Vehicles in an Urban Network Adopting Deep Reinforcement Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang-Duy Tran ◽  
Sang-Hoon Bae
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Learning Agents ◽  
Policy Optimization ◽  
The Impact

To reduce the impact of congestion, it is necessary to improve our overall understanding of the influence of the autonomous vehicle. Recently, deep reinforcement learning has become an effective means of solving complex control tasks. Accordingly, we show an advanced deep reinforcement learning that investigates how the leading autonomous vehicles affect the urban network under a mixed-traffic environment. We also suggest a set of hyperparameters for achieving better performance. Firstly, we feed a set of hyperparameters into our deep reinforcement learning agents. Secondly, we investigate the leading autonomous vehicle experiment in the urban network with different autonomous vehicle penetration rates. Thirdly, the advantage of leading autonomous vehicles is evaluated using entire manual vehicle and leading manual vehicle experiments. Finally, the proximal policy optimization with a clipped objective is compared to the proximal policy optimization with an adaptive Kullback–Leibler penalty to verify the superiority of the proposed hyperparameter. We demonstrate that full automation traffic increased the average speed 1.27 times greater compared with the entire manual vehicle experiment. Our proposed method becomes significantly more effective at a higher autonomous vehicle penetration rate. Furthermore, the leading autonomous vehicles could help to mitigate traffic congestion.

scholarly journals THE TRAFFIC VOLUME AND LEVEL OF SERVICE (LOS) OF UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA (UPM) SERDANG CAMPUS MAIN ACCESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakiah Ponrahono ◽  
Noorain Mohd Isa ◽  
Ahmad Zaharin Aris ◽  
Rosta Harun
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Idle Mode ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Capacity ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
University Setting

The inbound and outbound traffic flow characteristic of a campus is an important physical component of overall university setting. The traffic circulation generated may create indirect effects on the environment such as, disturbance to lecturetime when traffic congestion occurs during peak-hours, loss of natural environment and greenery, degradation of the visual environment by improper or illegal parking, air pollution from motorized vehicles either moving or in idle mode due to traffic congestion, noise pollution, energy consumption, land use arrangement and health effects on the community of Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Serdang. A traffic volume and Level of Service (LOS) study is required to facilitate better accessibility and improves the road capacity within the campus area. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the traffic volume and Level of Service of the main access the UPM Serdang campus. A traffic survey was conducted over three (3) weekdays during an active semester to understand the traffic flow pattern. The findings on traffic flow during peak hours are highlighted. The conclusions of on-campus traffic flow patterns are also drawn.

scholarly journals The Feasibility of Opening Communities -- Based on the Wiedemann Car-Following Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yan Cao ◽  
Bing-Qian Liu ◽  
Bao-Ru Pan ◽  
Yuan-Biao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gated Communities ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Car Following Model ◽  
Urbanization In China ◽  
The Impact

With the accelerating development of urbanization in China, the increasing traffic demand and large scale gated communities have aggravated urban traffic congestion. This paper studies the impact of communities opening on road network structure and the surrounding road capacity. Firstly, we select four indicators, namely average speed, vehicle flow, average delay time, and queue length, to measure traffic capacity. Secondly, we establish the Wiedemann car-following model, then use VISSIM software to simulate the traffic conditions of surrounding roads of communities. Finally, we take Shenzhen as an example to simulate and compare the four kinds of gated communities, axis, centripetal and intensive layout, and we also analyze the feasibility of opening communities.

The Impact of Subsidised Low-Fare Public Transport on Travel Behaviour

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Hay
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Income Redistribution ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
The Other ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, changes in travel behaviour in Sheffield-Rotherham (1972-1981) and Manchester-Salford (1976–1982) are compared with special reference to the effect of bus fare levels in real terms, which fell by about 70% in Sheffield-Rotherham but remained constant in Manchester-Salford. The analysis is directed to seven distinct household types, and overall changes in bus trip rates, estimated elasticities, effects on traffic congestion, city centre use, mobility of low mobility groups, and income redistribution are examined. The conclusion is made that although reducing real fares resulted in higher levels of bus patronage, evidence for the other beneficial effects was absent.

scholarly journals Simulation of the Daily Activity Plans of Travelers Using the Park-and-Ride System and Autonomous Vehicles: Work and Shopping Trip Purposes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Ortega ◽  
Jamil Hamadneh ◽  
Domokos Esztergár-Kiss ◽  
János Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Transport Mode ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Activity Chain ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
The Impact

The preferences of travelers determines the utility of daily activity plans. Decision-makers can affect the preference of travelers when they force private car users to use park-and-ride (P&R) facilities as a way of decreasing traffic in city centers. The P&R system has been shown to be effective in reducing uninterrupted increases in traffic congestion, especially in city centers. Therefore, the impacts of P&R on travel behavior and the daily activity plans of both worker and shopper travelers were studied in this paper. Moreover, autonomous vehicles (AVs) are a promising technology for the coming decade. A simulation of the AV as part of a multimodal system, when the P&R system was integrated in the daily activity plans, was carried out to determine the required AV fleet size needed to fulfill a certain demand and to study the impacts of AVs on the behavior of travelers (trip time and distance). Specifically, a group of travelers, who use private cars as their transport mode, was studied, and certain modifications to their daily activity plans, including P&R facilities and changing their transport mode, were introduced. Using the MATSim open-source tool, four scenarios were simulated based on the mentioned modifications. The four scenarios included (1) a simulation of the existing transport modes of the travelers, (2) a simulation of their daily activity plans when their transport modes were changed to AVs, (3) a simulation of the travelers, when P&R facilities were included in their activity chain plans, and (4) a simulation of their daily activity plans, when both P&R and AVs were included in their activity chain plans. The result showed that using the P&R system increased overall travel time, compared with using a private car. The results also demonstrated that using AVs as a replacement for conventional cars reduced travel time. In conclusion, the impact of P&R and AVs on the travel behavior of certain travelers was evaluated in this paper.

Effect of connected and autonomous vehicles on traffic flow at a bidirectional road

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Echab ◽  
A. Khallouk ◽  
H. Ez-Zahraouy
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Cooperative Driving ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Penetration Ratio ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cv Model

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) on traffic flow under various parameters. For this purpose, we propose a mixed CAV and conventional vehicle (CV) model to investigate a bidirectional two-lane traffic flow under the periodic boundary condition. The traffic flux and the phase diagrams of the system in the ([Formula: see text]) area are constructed in both cases: with and without CAVs. The overtaking frequency is also calculated. The simulation findings show that the traffic capacity is greatly enhanced with the increase in the CAV penetration ratio. Owing to the cooperative driving strategy, with the increase in penetration ratio of the CAV, the portion of smooth overtaking is boosted. Furthermore, it is found that the traffic throughput is positively correlated to the speed limit of the fast vehicle where the flux increases as [Formula: see text] increases. Also, even if there is a low rate of slow moving vehicles in the system, it will have an appreciable and a significant negative influence.

scholarly journals Analysis of congestion cost at signalized intersection using Vissim 9 (Case study at Demak Ijo Intersection, Sleman)

2018 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Noor Mahmudah ◽  
Rizkie Akbar ◽  
Muchlisin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Signalized Intersection ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
The Road ◽  
Congestion Cost ◽  
Road Capacity ◽  
High Traffic Volume

Due to imbalance of road capacity and traffic volume, so traffic congestion will be occurred either along the road and intersection. Demak Ijo intersection is one of signalized junction located in the western part of Yogyakarta with high traffic volume so traffic congestion is frequently occurred. The aim of this study is to analyze the performance of existing traffic condition and then estimate the congestion cost at signalized intersection by modeling (simulation) using Vissim 9. The analysis results show that existing traffic condition is in very bad condition (level F), average delay of 80 seconds, average queue length of 48.73 meters with congestion cost is about Rp. 2,830,336 per hour.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Impact of Trucks on Traffic Flow Based on an Improved Cellular Automaton Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewen Kong ◽  
Xiucheng Guo ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Dingxin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Cellular Automaton Model ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to analyze the impact of trucks on traffic flow and propose an improved cellular automaton model, which considers both the performance difference between passenger cars and trucks and the behaviour change of passenger cars under the impact of trucks. A questionnaire survey has been conducted to find out whether the impact of trucks exists and how the behaviour of passenger car drivers changes under the impact of trucks. The survey results confirm that the impact of trucks exists and indicate that passenger car drivers will enlarge the space gap, decelerate, and change lanes in advance when they are affected. Simulation results show that traffic volume is still affected by percentages of trucks in the congestion phase in the proposed model compared with traditional heterogeneous cellular automaton models. Traffic volume and speed decrease with the impact of trucks in the congestion phase. The impact of trucks can increase traffic congestion as it increases. However, it has different influences on the speed variance of passenger cars in different occupancies. In the proposed model, the relative relationship of the space gap between car-following-truck and car-following-car is changeable at a certain value of occupancy, which is related to the impact of trucks.

scholarly journals Production of Rice in Nigeria: The Role of Indian-Nigerian Bilateral Cooperation in Food Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-150
Author(s):  
I. U. Lucky
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Land Cultivation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The article focuses on the impact of India-Nigeria agricultural cooperation on rice production in Nigeria. Since 2000 in the quest for food sufficiency, diversification of the country’s sources of foreign exchange, increasing employment for the rising population as well as expanding its external relations Nigeria has signed several bilateral agreements on agriculture with India. The analysis of the developments in the sub-sector, as well as media, governmental and non-governmental reports in the field and the interviews of the farmers has revealed that the Indian firms, including “Olam Group” and “Popular Farms and Mills Ltd”, have cultivated thousands of hectares of land, built mills and machinery, provided farmers in 16 Nigerian states with better rice seedlings, and engaged thousands of farmers in regular training improving employment and revitalizing communities in the country. The support given by the Indian firms has triggered an unprecedented increase in rice production. The paper concludes that the agreements, particularly the one of 2017, have further promoted, strengthened and expanded rice production in the context of food security, job creation and saving foreign exchange. The article, therefore, demonstrates how Nigeria-India bilateral ties and cooperative programs have changed the dynamics of rice production in the country and brought more profound economic consequences. Despite the fact that Nigeria is not yet selfsufficient in rice production with the gap of around 2.5 million tonnes, the agricultural programs initiated within the framework of the Nigeria-India bilateral agreements and realized as large-scale agriculture programmes including investments, training, supply of better seedlings, land cultivation promoted by powerful corporations have significantly changed the economic and social environment in Nigeria.

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