scholarly journals Production of Rice in Nigeria: The Role of Indian-Nigerian Bilateral Cooperation in Food Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-150
Author(s):  
I. U. Lucky
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Land Cultivation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The article focuses on the impact of India-Nigeria agricultural cooperation on rice production in Nigeria. Since 2000 in the quest for food sufficiency, diversification of the country’s sources of foreign exchange, increasing employment for the rising population as well as expanding its external relations Nigeria has signed several bilateral agreements on agriculture with India. The analysis of the developments in the sub-sector, as well as media, governmental and non-governmental reports in the field and the interviews of the farmers has revealed that the Indian firms, including “Olam Group” and “Popular Farms and Mills Ltd”, have cultivated thousands of hectares of land, built mills and machinery, provided farmers in 16 Nigerian states with better rice seedlings, and engaged thousands of farmers in regular training improving employment and revitalizing communities in the country. The support given by the Indian firms has triggered an unprecedented increase in rice production. The paper concludes that the agreements, particularly the one of 2017, have further promoted, strengthened and expanded rice production in the context of food security, job creation and saving foreign exchange. The article, therefore, demonstrates how Nigeria-India bilateral ties and cooperative programs have changed the dynamics of rice production in the country and brought more profound economic consequences. Despite the fact that Nigeria is not yet selfsufficient in rice production with the gap of around 2.5 million tonnes, the agricultural programs initiated within the framework of the Nigeria-India bilateral agreements and realized as large-scale agriculture programmes including investments, training, supply of better seedlings, land cultivation promoted by powerful corporations have significantly changed the economic and social environment in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Production of Rice in Nigeria: The Role of Indian-Nigerian Bilateral Cooperation in Food Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-150
Author(s):  
I. U. Lucky
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Land Cultivation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The article focuses on the impact of India-Nigeria agricultural cooperation on rice production in Nigeria. Since 2000 in the quest for food sufficiency, diversification of the country’s sources of foreign exchange, increasing employment for the rising population as well as expanding its external relations Nigeria has signed several bilateral agreements on agriculture with India. The analysis of the developments in the sub-sector, as well as media, governmental and non-governmental reports in the field and the interviews of the farmers has revealed that the Indian firms, including “Olam Group” and “Popular Farms and Mills Ltd”, have cultivated thousands of hectares of land, built mills and machinery, provided farmers in 16 Nigerian states with better rice seedlings, and engaged thousands of farmers in regular training improving employment and revitalizing communities in the country. The support given by the Indian firms has triggered an unprecedented increase in rice production. The paper concludes that the agreements, particularly the one of 2017, have further promoted, strengthened and expanded rice production in the context of food security, job creation and saving foreign exchange. The article, therefore, demonstrates how Nigeria-India bilateral ties and cooperative programs have changed the dynamics of rice production in the country and brought more profound economic consequences. Despite the fact that Nigeria is not yet selfsufficient in rice production with the gap of around 2.5 million tonnes, the agricultural programs initiated within the framework of the Nigeria-India bilateral agreements and realized as large-scale agriculture programmes including investments, training, supply of better seedlings, land cultivation promoted by powerful corporations have significantly changed the economic and social environment in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Wanted: A Revolution in Agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-122
Author(s):  
Jakkie Cilliers
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Access To Finance ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Current Path ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improve Health

AbstractAgriculture is the backbone of many African economies. Cilliers explores the history and role of agriculture in development, and the likely future trajectory of agriculture in Africa along the Current Path, drawing lessons from other regions. Improvements in this sector, particularly access to finance and use of modern technology can unlock the significant potential to achieve food security, improve health and nutrition outcomes, create agribusiness ventures that influence employment, earn foreign exchange through exports and promote economic prosperity. The chapter concludes with a scenario that emulates the impact of a revolution in agriculture on food security and growth.

scholarly journals CONGESTION EFFECTS OF AUTONOMOUS TAXI FLEETS

Transport ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Maciejewski ◽  
Joschka Bischoff
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Road Capacity ◽  
Private Car ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Fleets of shared Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) could replace private cars by providing a taxi-like service but at a cost similar to driving a private car. On the one hand, large Autonomous Taxi (AT) fleets may result in increased road capacity and lower demand for parking spaces. On the other hand, an increase in vehicle trips is very likely, as travelling becomes more convenient and affordable, and additionally, ATs need to drive unoccupied between requests. This study evaluates the impact of a city-wide introduction of ATs on traffic congestion. The analysis is based on a multi-agent transport simulation (MATSim) of Berlin (Germany) and the neighbouring Brandenburg area. The central focus is on precise simulation of both real-time AT operation and mixed autonomous/conventional vehicle traffic flow. Different ratios of replacing private car trips with AT trips are used to estimate the possible effects at different stages of introducing such services. The obtained results suggest that large fleets operating in cities may have a positive effect on traffic if road capacity increases according to current predictions. ATs will practically eliminate traffic congestion, even in the city centre, despite the increase in traffic volume. However, given no flow capacity improvement, such services cannot be introduced on a large scale, since the induced additional traffic volume will intensify today’s congestion.

scholarly journals The impact of agricultural producer price on sustainable food security in Africa – a system GMM approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-76
Author(s):  
Enoch Kwaw-Nimeson ◽  
Ze Tian
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
System Gmm ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Agricultural Producer ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. Given the efforts towards achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for food security by 2030, this study investigates the moderating impact of public investments in agriculture on the agricultural producer price – agricultural sustainability nexus in 40 African countries covering the period from 2000 till 2019. Methodology / approach. In this study we used multiple regression techniques to explore a dynamic panel data model based on the one-step system Generalized Method of Moments (System-GMM). Proposed by Arellano and Bover and further developed by Blundell and Bond, the System-GMM estimator was preferred over other techniques because of its efficiency in eliminating the simultaneous biases that are associated with regression model estimations. Specifically, the one-step System-GMM was preferred over the two-step System-GMM for our estimation due to the efficiency of its optimal weighting matrices. Results. The study discovered that although the interactions between public investments on agriculture and agricultural sustainability amplify the positive impact of a set of explanatory variables on agricultural producer price to an extent, the impact on food security in Africa is insignificant. The study also discovers that the net effects of a set of interactive terms on producer price in the developing countries in Africa are slightly lower than in the least-developed countries. The weighted average food security index for the period under study was abysmal 44.54%, indicating moderate food insecurity in Africa. Originality / scientific novelty. In the context of food security literature in Africa, this study is the first attempt at exploring the agricultural producer price – agricultural sustainability nexus based on the moderating impact of public investments on agriculture with the Global Food Security Index (GFSI), a composite food security model developed by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU). Among our study proposals it is a call for a detour from the current agricultural investment and producer price policies especially the current ‘one-size-fits-all’ regional frameworks which have proved to be less progressive and less transformative to more robust country/sector-specific frameworks that have the potential to better the fortunes of agriculture and improve food security. Practical value / implications. The current state of agricultural producer price in most African countries is ample proof that the role and importance of the producer price have been gravely diminished. Despite governments’ efforts towards improving food security, the evidence as presented in this study supports the fact that those efforts have not achieved much success. The study, which contains a number of recommendations, highlights agricultural producer price as a potentially important driver of agricultural sustainability and sustainable food security in Africa.

Correlation of Global Warming Potential and Atmospheric Life Times of Halocarbons

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Empirical Relations ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
The Impact

Sustainability of life form on the earth is a major concern of every nation, which stems from the continued global warming trend, which has become a major policy, political, and economic issue. Global warming is the most important challenge thrown by the human activities largely due to rapid pace of industrialization in the twenty first century. The impact is likely to extend to next few centuries and unless controlled there would be irrevocable damage to the life form on this planet. Human made halocarbons have a high global warming potential, and some still have the potential to cause damage to the ozone layer as well if released to the atmosphere. The implications of global warming have far-reaching effects beyond the imagination of common person. Rise in global temperature, rise in sea level, food shortages, large scale spread of diseases & infections, catastrophic economic consequences and colossal loss of bio-diversity are some of the major implications of global warming trend. Although many methods are in vogue for comparison of impact of global warming of different compounds, yet the concept of Global warming potential with reference to Carbon dioxide is the simplest one and is widely used. An endeavor has been made in this paper to correlate and develop empirical relations of global warming potential and atmospheric lifetimes of Halocarbons. A new parameter Glife has been evolved for this purpose.

scholarly journals Impact of Participation in Contract Farming on Smallholder Farmers’ Income and Food Security in Rural Benin: PSM and LATE Parameter Combined

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odountan Ambaliou Olounlade ◽  
Gu-Cheng Li ◽  
Sènakpon E. Haroll Kokoye ◽  
François Vihôdé Dossouhoui ◽  
Kuassi Auxence Aristide Akpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
The Impact

Investigated in this work is the impact of contract farming participation on smallholder farmers’ income and food security in rice crop production in Northern Benin using 400 randomly selected rice farmer households. Unlike previous studies, we corrected for both observed and unobserved biases by combining propensity score matching (PSM) and the local average treatment effect parameter (LATE). The results showed significant negative consequences of partaking in rice contract farming. We found evidence of significant negative effects on rice production income at a 1% level. The more the rice farmers join in contract farming, the lower the farm income became. Decreased food consumption was also a result of contract farming participation for potential participants by a score of 60.64, placing their households at the food security status level of poor food consumption because the quantity and nutritional quality of the food consumed were inadequate. Contract farming is, therefore, not a reasonable policy instrument that can help farmers increase their income and improve their food security level in the Alibori Department, Benin if farmers do not diversify their crops. The necessary resources and economic environment are not yet in place to allow contract farming to take full advantage of its potential benefits. To prevent the wasting of scarce public resources, expanding contract farming would not be appropriate in marginal areas with markets and other infrastructure. Additional measures are needed for contract farming to be profitable for contracting actors and to ensure sustainability and the large-scale participation of farmers.

Foreign Land Acquisition

2017 ◽  
pp. 1524-1545
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju E. Ajiboye ◽  
Olabisi S. Yusuff
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Land Acquisitions ◽  
Increase Food Production ◽  
Foreign Land ◽  
Quantitative Sample ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Land grabs, a recent phenomena, have been documented to have effects on the activities of the indigenous farmers. This chapter examines the impact of foreign land acquisitions on food security and food chain in Nigeria. Quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were adopted. A total number of 250 respondents were included in the quantitative sample, and 20 In-Depth Interviews (IDI) were conducted with opinion leaders. The study found the nexus of interaction between foreign land acquisition, commercialization of agriculture, food security, and food chains in Nigeria. The study recommended that the government should not make the process of land acquisition too cumbersome for interested people or agencies to acquire; the government should make efforts to encourage interested local investors in large-scale farming to allow competition to increase food production as well as to sustain the agricultural sector of the national economy.

An Intelligent Grid Network Based on Cloud Computing Infrastructures

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Annamalai ◽  
Udendhran R. ◽  
Vimal S.
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Green Power ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Grid Operators ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dramatic Growth

This chapter covers important topics in development of efficient energy girds. Inefficient power generation, unbalanced consumption patterns that lead to underutilization of expensive infrastructure on the one hand, and severe overload on the other, as well as urgent issues of national and global concern such as power system security and climate change are all driving this evolution. As the smart grid concept matures, we'll see dramatic growth in green power production: small production devices such as wind turbines and solar panels or solar farms, which have fluctuating capacity outside of the control of grid operators. Small companies that specialize in producing power under just certain conditions will boom in forthcoming years. Energy is stored in the storage during low-cost periods, and the stored energy is used during high-cost periods to avoid the expensive draw from the grid. The authors evaluate the impact of large-scale energy storage adoption on grid electricity demand.

Fiscal Straitjacket: The Politics of Macroeconomic Reform in Brazil, 1995–2002

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID SAMUELS
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Policy Choice ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Spending Patterns ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internal Debt

Brazil's President Fernando Henrique Cardoso will be remembered for his administration's accomplishments as well as the problems his government left unresolved. On the one hand, fiscal policy represents one of Cardoso's success stories: the Plano Real curbed inflation, established economic stability, and enabled the central government to rein in subnational governments' out-of-control spending patterns, which had been a key source of macroeconomic instability. However, the question remains whether Brazil can truly escape from the political and economic consequences of past fiscal profligacy. Despite many successes, Cardoso's own policies have created additional obstacles that future administrations will necessarily confront, in particular a dramatic increase in Brazil's internal debt. Observers of Brazil should count both sides of the accounting ledger when evaluating the Cardoso administration. Much has been gained, but the costs of those gains must be recognised and the impact of those gains on the range of policy choice available to future administrations understood. This article explores the factors that contributed to Brazil's macroeconomic difficulties prior to 1995, and then explores how the Plano Real provided the Cardoso administration with leverage to constrain the capacity of subnational actors to affect Brazil's economy. Subsequently, however, the paper describes how the Cardoso administration's policies have created Brazil's current ‘fiscal straitjacket’, and concludes by discussing how Cardoso's policies will constrain future administrations.

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