Analysis of Carbon Dioxide in Kindergartens in Poland

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk ◽  
Sebastian Jachimowicz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Considerable Improvement ◽  
Permissible Level ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Stack Ventilation ◽  
Indoor Conditions

Children in kindergartens spend between five and ten hours a day, the quality of air inside is very important. Kindergartens are public buildings. Kindergartens in Poland do not have mechanical ventilation, most often use stack ventilation, which is frequently aided by airing. The three considered buildings were located in eastern Europe. The main objective of the research was to evaluate the interior conditions, especially with regard to carbon dioxide concentration. In the afternoon, the permissible level of carbon dioxide concentration was substantially exceeded (by 190% at the most in first series of measurement). The present research has resulted in considerable improvement of indoor conditions in the analyzed kindergartens (less than 140% in third series of measurement). The presence of children and ventilation habits seemed to be the main determinants of IAQ and carbon dioxide.

scholarly journals Method for Estimation of CO2 Gains from Persons in Builidings

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Rodero ◽  
Dorota Anna Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sources Of Co2

Carbon dioxide concentration is an important parameter to know Indoor Air Quality of a building. One of the most important sources of CO2 in poor ventilated building is human activity. This work presents a method for experimental determination of human CO2 generation rate based on measuring of time evolution of indoor CO2 concentration. The method is applied to 5 rooms of an educational building from Bialystok (Poland). Similar carbon dioxide gains were obtained in all rooms, around 0.0046 L/s, which correspond to theoretical CO2 generation rates of a sedentary activity for persons, males and females, between 21–30 years old, characteristics of occupants of analyzed rooms.

scholarly journals Simulation and Analysis of Various Ventilation Systems Given in an Example in the Same School of Indoor Air Quality

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk ◽  
Vasyl Zhelykh ◽  
Andrii Pushchinskyi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Exhaust Ventilation ◽  
Building Ventilation ◽  
The Cost

The quality of internal air is one of the factors that affect the pace and quality of knowledge acquisition. Therefore, it is important that classrooms have high quality of air. Using computer simulation, the effect of various building ventilation variants on air quality in classrooms was analyzed. Two criteria were analyzed and six variants of ventilation. The analysis was carried out using the CONTAMW program, used for multi-zone analysis of ventilation and air quality in a building. As an indicator of air quality, the concentration of carbon dioxide in school halls was adopted. The analyses show that natural ventilation is not able to provide proper air exchange. Regular airing of classrooms during breaks can reduce the carbon dioxide concentration to 2500 ppm, however, there is a significant reduction in indoor temperature (even below 10 °C). The best control over the internal environment can be obtained by using a supply–exhaust ventilation system with heat recovery. Obtaining a higher stabilization of ventilation is achieved by supplying additional energy to drive fans, however, this is only a small amount of energy compared to the cost of heat for heating the building (maximum 2%).

Quality Evaluation of Strawberries Packed with Perforated Film

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 451-454
Author(s):  
Zu Ju Shu ◽  
Sheng Quan Liu ◽  
Yan Yuan ◽  
Ye Bao Xia
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Perforated Film ◽  
High Carbon Dioxide

Strawberries were stored in perforated film packages with different number and diameter of perforation for 5 days at 18°C simulating the ordinary logistics in Hefei. The non-perforated film packages were used as the control. Several quality parameters of strawberries were determined and analyzed everyday during storage. The principal component analysis was applied to the comprehensive assessment of strawberry quality. The results showed that suitable diameter and number of perforation could maintain strawberry quality. The comprehensive quality of strawberries packed in perforated film with 36 perforations of diameter 0.5mm was the best, followed by the ones packed in non-perforated film with internal atmosphere of low oxygen and high carbon dioxide concentration.

Effects of inhaled nitric oxide on haemodynamics and gas exchange in children after having undergone cardiac surgery utilising cardiopulmonary bypass

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1151-1156
Author(s):  
Enrique G. Villarreal ◽  
Salvatore Aiello ◽  
Lee W. Evey ◽  
Saul Flores ◽  
Rohit S. Loomba
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Inhaled Nitric Oxide

AbstractIntroduction:For CHD patients undergoing corrective surgery utilising cardiopulmonary bypass, post-operative inhaled nitric oxide has been administered to alleviate pulmonary hypertension. We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses to determine the effect of inhaled nitric oxide on haemodynamics, gas exchange, and hospitalisation characteristics in children immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass.Materials and methods:A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify full-text manuscripts in English. PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane databases were queried. Once manuscripts were identified for inclusion, a list of all the endpoints in each manuscript was created. Endpoints with data present from two or more studies were then kept for pooled analyses. All endpoints included were continuous variables and so mean and standard deviation were utilised as the effect data for comparison.Results:A total of eight studies were deemed appropriate for inclusion. There were significant differences with decreases in mean pulmonary artery pressure of −6.82 mmHg, left atrial pressure of −1.16 mmHg, arteriovenous oxygen difference of −1.63, arterial carbon dioxide concentration of −2.41 mmHg, mechanical ventilation duration of −8.56 hours, and length of cardiac ICU stay duration of −0.91 days. All significant variables achieved p < 0.001.Conclusion:Inhaled nitric oxide in children immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass decreases mean pulmonary artery pressure significantly and decreases the arterial carbon dioxide concentration significantly without significantly altering other haemodynamic parameters. This results in a statistically shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and cardiac ICU length of stay without altering overall hospital length of stay.

scholarly journals Carbon dioxide quantified by the infrared in respiratory activity evaluation in corn seeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1115
Author(s):  
João Alexandre Lopes Dranski ◽  
Marlene De Matos Malavasi ◽  
Ubirajara Contro Malavasi ◽  
Ivan Schuster ◽  
Norma Schlickmann Lazaretti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Detection Chamber ◽  
Different Levels

The respiratory activity is one of the first biological manifestations of vigor loss and detecting it can help the monitoring and quality control of seed production by seed industries. This research aimed to develop and validate the methodology of the carbon dioxide concentration in the evaluation of physiological quality of Zea mays (L.) seeds. The proposed method is grounded on the measurement of the CO2 content by infrared through a drag system and exhaustion of the gas released by the seed maintained in a closed system up to the detection chamber of the gas meter. Samples of 15, 20 and 25 seeds of 6 lots of cultivar CD 384 Hx were incubated at temperatures of 15, 25 and 40 °C. The CO2 content released after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h of incubation were quantified. In parallel, the percentage of normal seedlings emerged in the field were evaluated. The simple correlation coefficients among tests were calculated. After determining the reading conditions, the accuracy and precision of the proposed method were evaluated, using 15 seed lots. For the evaluation of the respiratory activity in Z. mays seeds, we recommend a sample of 25 seeds, incubated at 15 °C for a maximum of 12 h, which allows to classify lots with different levels of vigor and predict the establishment of seedlings in the field, being the appropriate method for measuring CO2 as it externalizes precision between successive measurements and agreement to the reference method.

scholarly journals Indoor Air Quality Assessment in a Single-Family House Equipped with Demand Controlled Mechanical Ventilation

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-402
Author(s):  
Jarosław Müller ◽  
Maciej Dębowski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Internal Source ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Family House

AbstractThe paper presents the results of modelling airflow for ventilation of a single-family house with an area of 180 m2. The building was equipped with mechanical ventilation with the possibility of varying the airflow. The airflow was calculated as a function of carbon dioxide concentration. The presence of people in selected rooms was an internal source of carbon dioxide. In order to properly design of a ventilation system and then model the contamination level, ContamW software was used. The year-long cost analysis was carried out for the installation working with variable airflow (day, night). The analysis took into account the price of the electricity used by the fans of Air Handling Unit and meteorological data to estimate the power input to the heater of the Unit. Different scenarios of system operation were included as an input data in order to find a difference in energy consumption. The calculations were to answer the question of whether it is necessary to apply expensive and advanced system that enables individual control of the airflow in every room or use the simple control of the central unit to vary the airflow in the ventilation system of single-family houses. The difference in operating cost between the system that maintains 800 and 600 ppm reaches 100 % and demonstrates the need of simple demand controlled ventilation system.

scholarly journals The Well-Being of Children in Nurseries Does Not Have to Be Expensive: The Real Costs of Maintaining Low Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in Nurseries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2035
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ratajczak ◽  
Małgorzata Basińska
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels

There are different standards and regulations outlining the requirements regarding building air quality as well as in nurseries. These requirements specify air stream supplies and carbon dioxide concentration levels, both of which ensure proper indoor air quality. Mechanical ventilation should be used to maintain acceptable carbon dioxide levels. This article analyses the use of ventilation equipped with decentralized units, which helps secure the well-being of children. This paper proposes and evaluates economically affordable ventilation units. An algorithm for selecting the size of the devices is described by the supplied air stream depending on the number of children present at the nursery. A method of transferring the investment costs related to the assembly of the given units to the parents is proposed. Air quality in terms of CO2 concentrations was based on the following levels: 750 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1500 ppm. This assessment also includes the investment costs resulting from device usage and the costs of electricity consumed by the fans. These results showed the additional costs that assure the air quality improvement do not have to be high (45 PLN/month, ~10 EUR/month) per child attending the nursery. A 3% tuition increase returns the investment costs on mechanical ventilation within four years.

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