Optical Quality Assessment of a Motorway Route

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolandas Oginskas ◽  
Lina Bertulienė ◽  
Lina Juknevičiūtė-Žilinskienė ◽  
Vilimas Gintalas ◽  
Andrius Lenkauskas
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Vertical Alignment ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Horizontal Alignment ◽  
Spatial Design ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Standard Documents

A roads and highways are a complex structures consisting of different geometric and structural elements. Some of those elements influence the driving comfort, speed and traffic safety whereas others contribute to motorway durability and its proper function during different seasons of a year. The development of motorway construction or reconstruction designs either relies or is about to rely on the principles of spatial design of a motorway route. The application of the said principles improves optical quality of the route and leads to a correct comprehension of the motorway concerned. Nevertheless, the global as well as the European and the Lithuanian experience witnesses the cases of the emergence of unavoidable optical deformations in the solutions of motorway route design and the reason for that could be an unavailability of clear requirements set forth in the relevant standard documents in force in regard to coordination between the horizontal alignment and the vertical alignment of motorway elements. The missing coordination between the solutions of horizontal alignment and vertical alignment of the motorway turns to be the cause for lower levels of driving comfort and traffic safety, as an adequate prevision of the current situation driving such a motorway cannot always be possible. A parameter known as Curvature Change Rate of single curve (CCRs) is applied by numerous countries to assess the quality level of horizontal alignment of the existing or design motorway route. The present article presents a variation of the vertical alignment of a motorways in Lithuania relying on Curvature Change Rate of vertical curve (CCRv) parameter.

Influence of Vertical Alignment of Expressway Tunnel on Traffic Safety of Tunnel

CICTP 2020 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifei Zhao ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Shunchao Yin ◽  
Jiaqing He ◽  
Zhongyi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Vertical Alignment

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of Driver Visual Characteristics in Urban Tunnels

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4274
Author(s):  
Song Fang ◽  
Jianxiao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Data Fitting ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Tunnel Length ◽  
Point Distribution ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
Diameter Change

Through an urban tunnel-driving experiment, this paper studies the changing trend of drivers’ visual characteristics in tunnels. A Tobii Pro Glasses 2 wearable eye tracker was used to measure pupil diameter, scanning time, and fixation point distribution of the driver during driving. A two-step clustering algorithm and the data-fitting method were used to analyze the experimental data. The results show that the univariate clustering analysis of the pupil diameter change rate of drivers has poor discrimination because the pupil diameter change rate of drivers in the process of “dark adaptation” is larger, while the pupil diameter change rate of drivers in the process of “bright adaptation” is relatively smooth. The univariate and bivariate clustering results of drivers’ pupil diameters were all placed into three categories, with reasonable distribution and suitable differentiation. The clustering results accurately corresponded to different locations of the tunnel. The clustering method proposed in this paper can identify similar behaviors of drivers at different locations in the transition section at the tunnel entrance, the inner section, and the outer area of the tunnel. Through data-fitting of drivers’ visual characteristic parameters in different tunnels, it was found that a short tunnel, with a length of less than 1 km, has little influence on visual characteristics when the maximum pupil diameter is small, and the percentage of saccades is relatively low. An urban tunnel with a length between 1 and 2 km has a significant influence on visual characteristics. In this range, with the increase in tunnel length, the maximum pupil diameter increases significantly, and the percentage of saccades increases rapidly. When the tunnel length exceeds 2 km, the maximum pupil diameter does not continue to increase. The longer the urban tunnel, the more discrete the distribution of drivers’ gaze points. The research results should provide a scientific basis for the design of urban tunnel traffic safety facilities and traffic organization.

scholarly journals The global governance of antimicrobial resistance: a cross-country study of alignment between the global action plan and national action plans

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Munkholm ◽  
Olivier Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
World Health ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Vertical Alignment ◽  
Member States ◽  
Horizontal Alignment ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Global Action Plan

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing problem worldwide in need of global coordinated action. With the endorsement of the Global Action Plan (GAP) on AMR in 2015, the 194 member states of the World Health Organization committed to integrating the five objectives and corresponding actions of the GAP into national action plans (NAPs) on AMR. The article analyzes patterns of alignment between existing NAPs and the GAP, bringing to the fore new methodologies for exploring the relationship between globally driven health policies and activities at the national level, taking income, geography and governance factors into account. Methods The article investigates the global governance of AMR. Concretely, two proxies are devised to measure vertical and horizontal alignment between the GAP and existing NAPs: (i) a syntactic indicator measuring the degree of verbatim overlap between the GAP and the NAPs; and (ii) a content indicator measuring the extent to which the objectives and corresponding actions outlined in the GAP are addressed in the NAPs. Vertical alignment is measured by the extent to which each NAP overlaps with the GAP. Horizontal alignment is explored by measuring the degree to which NAPs overlap with other NAPs across regions and income groups. In addition, NAP implementation is explored using the Global Database for Antimicrobial Resistance Country Self-Assessment. Findings We find strong evidence of vertical alignment, particularly among low-income countries and lower-middle-income countries but weaker evidence of horizontal alignment within regions. In general, we find the NAPs in our sample to be mostly aligned with the GAP’s five overarching objectives while only moderately aligned with the recommended corresponding actions. Furthermore, we see several cases of what can be termed ‘isomorphic mimicry’, characterized by strong alignment in the policies outlined but much lower levels of alignment in terms of actual implemented policies. Conclusion To strengthen the alignment of national AMR policies, we recommend global governance initiatives based on individualized responsibilities some of which should be legally binding. Our study provides limited evidence of horizontal alignment within regions, which implies that regional governance institutions (e.g., WHO regional offices) should primarily act as mediators between global and local demands to strengthen a global governance regime that minimizes policy fragmentation and mimicry behavior across member states.

scholarly journals Robotic Assembly System for Steel Structures

2015 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Ci-Jyun Liang ◽  
Shih-Chung Kang
Keyword(s):  
Accidental Falls ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Robotic Assembly ◽  
Assembly System ◽  
Vertical Alignment ◽  
Horizontal Alignment ◽  
Rotation Method ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Place

Workers are required to stand on dangerous unfinished steel structures to assemble elements manually. Therefore, we developed a robotic assembly system (RAS) to prevent accidental falls. The RAS consists of four methods: rotation, alignment, bolting, and unloading. The rotation method utilizes a flywheel equipped on top of a rigging beam to rotate the beam. The vertical alignment relies on a camera and a marker to align the altitude of the beam. The horizontal alignment relies on a specially designed shape that can smoothly guide the beam to the right position. The bolting method adds an additional plug hole above each bolt hole to assemble the beam. The unloading method uses pin mechanisms and motors to unload the cable and the RAS. The system is tested in a scaled indoor experiment and the results show that the process is finished without workers stay in the high place. In conclusion, the RAS helps reduce accidental falls, is suitable to the current erection method, and can be broadly introduced to existing sites.

scholarly journals Matrix Arrangement of Three-Dimensional Sheath Flow for Multiple Component Nanofibers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hyun Yoon ◽  
Asahi Nakahara ◽  
Afshan Jamshaid ◽  
Hironobu Sato ◽  
Tetsushi Sekiguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Alignment ◽  
Sheath Flow ◽  
Horizontal Alignment ◽  
Cascade Connection ◽  
Vertically Aligned ◽  
Matrix Configuration ◽  
Multiple Component

Multiple core-sheath flow was realized using matrix arrangement of 3D sheath flows. The sheath flow was hydrodynamically formed in a flow shift area which has symmetrical microgrooves on channel walls. Vertical and horizontal alignments of the sample streams are a key element of matrix configuration. The flow shift areas were connected in parallel to achieve horizontal alignment of the sheath flow. The cascade connection of the flow shift areas is used for vertical alignment of the sheath flow. In order to achieve matrix arrangement of core-sheath flow, combination of the parallel and cascade connections was utilized. In this work, the horizontal and vertical configurations of the 2-sample sheath flow were demonstrated. Two streams of the vertically aligned 2-sample sheath flow were joined horizontally, and, as a result, 4-sample core-sheath flow of matrix configuration was obtained successfully.

Research of Highway Alignment Design Safety Evaluation Using Curvature Change Rate

2012 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 493-496
Author(s):  
Sheng Neng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Highway Design ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Evaluation Standard ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Highway Alignment

Aiming at the disadvantages of traditional design method of highway alignment and existent problems including subjectivity, reliability index, comprehensive, applicability etcetera in highway alignment evaluation with running speed. On the basis of the “safety first” idea for highway design, the concept of change rate of curvature has been proposed. Curvature change rate is the clear factor impacting on road traffic safety. Road quality evaluation standard is established based on the curvature change rate and its application method in highway alignment design method. The method not only effectively evaluates highway alignment quality, but also may be used as the basis for the selection index of highway geometric design.

scholarly journals Evaluation Techniques for Traffic Safety of Operating Highway Tunnels

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 02027
Author(s):  
Hongbo WU
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Vertical Alignment ◽  
Pavement Condition ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Evaluation Techniques ◽  
Tunnel Portal

With the consideration of frequent occurrence of traffic accidents on operating highway tunnels, the advancement of safety evaluation for highway tunnels in domestic and abroad are systematically summarized. Through the comprehensive analysis of infrastructure factors influencing on traffic safety of highway tunnels, safety checklists focusing on tunnel horizontal and vertical alignment, tunnel portal situation, pavement condition, ventilation and lighting facilities, traffic safety facilities are provided in qualitatively evaluating operating highway tunnels. Based on the concept of risk, risk assessment indices oriented in infrastructure factors, environmental factors and management factors for operation safety of expressway tunnels and standard highway tunnels are put forward. Quantitative evaluation methods based on indices architecture and the corresponding classification criteria for operation safety risk of tunnels are developed.

scholarly journals The Reconstruction Method of Hodayot Manuscripts

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Philip Suciadi Chia ◽  
Juanda Juanda
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Vertical Alignment ◽  
Horizontal Alignment ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
Single Author ◽  
Original Length ◽  
Religious Devotion ◽  
Meaningful Text

Hodayot, in Hebrew means thanksgiving Psalms, is a collection of approximately thirty poems that give thanks to God. Hodayot is an important resource for understanding the piety and religious devotion of those who composed and recited them.In reconstructing of the original scroll, uses direct joins method, vertical alignment of material, horizontal alignment of material, and placement of fragments according to the Scribal Hands.The benefits of this reconstruction: Firstly, the accurate placing of adjacent fragments has enabled more portions of meaningful text to be recovered. Secondly, this method allows the original length of the scroll to be estimated as twenty-seven or twenty-eight columns of forty-one to forty-two lines each. The average length of lines is also known. Thirdly, it is now possible to investigate the overall structure of the collection, particularly when the data from the Cave 4 manuscripts is also considered. This group contains all of the compositions identified as Teacher Hymns and it strengthens the argument that they represent a distinct group by a single author.

scholarly journals Analysis of Calculation Errors for Single-zone and Multi-Zone Natural Ventilation model in Residential Building

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 03034
Author(s):  
Zheqi Xuan ◽  
Xiaohong Zheng ◽  
Zhenni Shi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Air Change Rate ◽  
Different Seasons

The typical residential building in Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province was selected for natural ventilation measurement during the transitional season, the plum rainy season, summer and winter. In this paper, SF6 is used as the tracer gas, and tracer gas decay method was selected to obtain the air change rate in the room under each measuring condition. EnergyPlus(EP) was used to calculate the single-zone and multizone air change rate which can be compared with the measured values respectively. It was found that the calculated values of single-zone model were generally small and the errors were large. And the calculated values of multi-zone model have a significant reduction in error after considering the equivalent infiltration area. In addition, the effective infiltration area will be different due to the existence of the thermal expansion coefficient for different seasons.

The alignment of HR management actions to achieve strategic organizational goals

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Alignment ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Horizontal Alignment ◽  
Hr Practices ◽  
Hr Management ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Purpose The review is based on “Testing horizontal and vertical alignment of human resource (HR) practices designed to achieve strategic organizational goals”, by Martinson and De Leon, (2018), published in Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance. Design/methodology/approach This research paper concentrates on the alignment of HR goals and objectives with the strategic objectives of the organization (vertical alignment) and how the HR goals and objectives align with each other (horizontal alignment). Findings The results suggest that aligning HR management practices (HRMP) with organizational strategic goals does increase the probability of achieving these objectives. In addition, aligning HRMP with each other further strengthens the likelihood of achieving the strategic goals. Practical implications Therefore, for organizations to optimize performance and gain a competitive advantage through protecting their investment in human capital and decreasing voluntary turnover, both vertical and horizontal alignment should be implemented. Originality/value This paper has an original approach by providing a unique empirical examination of an organization’s implementation of HR practices designed to achieve stated strategic objectives through a large-scale study.

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