scholarly journals Serotype diversity and slaughterhouse-level risk factors related to Salmonella contamination on poultry carcasses in Algiers

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 384-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda Mezali ◽  
Faiza Mebkhout ◽  
Siham Nouichi ◽  
Sofiane Boudjellaba ◽  
Taha-Mossadak Hamdi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Introduction: In Algeria, the latest studies on Salmonella demonstrated warning contamination rates in farms and slaughterhouses. This pathogen can contaminate poultry meat and put humans at risk especially that such product is nowadays widely consumed. Methodology: a cross-sectional study was conducted in Algiers to evaluate prevalence, determine serotypes and quantify risk for Salmonella contamination in broiler chickens and turkeys at the post-chill stage of slaughter process. Results: batch prevalence was 63.1% for chickens and 34.9% for turkeys. Eleven serotypes were isolated from chickens and five from turkeys. The most predominant at both sample and batch levels was S. Kentucky either in chicken (65.1%) or in turkey carcasses (63.2%). Univariate analysis screened 3 variables for chickens and 5 variables for turkeys. Final multivariate regression models provided one potential risk factor for Salmonella contamination in each poultry species. Presence of less than 6 broilers simultaneously in the traditional scalding tank of small scale slaughterhouses had a significantly reduced contamination risk (OR = 0.31; p < 0.05). Slaughtering turkeys in sites processing only this specie than in mixed poultry slaughterhouses increased significantly the contamination probability (OR = 4.44; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study indicates a high prevalence of Salmonella-contaminated poultry carcass with wide diversity of serotypes. Moreover, two potential risk factors identified for the first time in Algeria are found to be associated with the lack in hygienic management on production sites. A real threat for consumers exists highlighting the imperative need for improved safety throughout the local poultry meat supply chain.

scholarly journals Low salivary cortisol levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis exposed to oral glucocorticoids: a cross-sectional study set within UK electronic health records

RMD Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e000700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M Joseph ◽  
David W Ray ◽  
Brian Keevil ◽  
Tjeerd P van Staa ◽  
William G Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

BackgroundGlucocorticoids (GCs) suppress endogenous cortisol levels which can lead to adrenal insufficiency (AI). The frequency of GC-induced AI remains unclear. In this cross-sectional study, low morning salivary cortisol (MSC) levels were used as a measure of adrenal function. The study aim was to investigate the prevalence of low MSC in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) currently and formerly exposed to oral GCs, and the association with potential risk factors.MethodsSample collection was nested within UK primary care electronic health records (from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink). Participants were patients with RA with at least one prescription for oral GCs in the past 2 years. Self-reported oral GC use was used to define current use and current dose; prescription data were used to define exposure duration. MSC was determined from saliva samples; 5 nmol/L was the cut-off for low MSC. The prevalence of low MSC was estimated, and logistic regression was used to assess the association with potential risk factors.Results66% of 38 current and 11 % of 38 former GC users had low MSC. Among former users with low MSC, the longest time since GC withdrawal was 6 months. Current GC dose, age and RA duration were significantly associated with increased risk of low MSC.ConclusionThe prevalence of low MSC among current GC users is high, and MSC levels may remain suppressed for several months after GC withdrawal. Clinicians should therefore consider the risk of suppressed cortisol and remain vigilant for symptoms of AI following GC withdrawal.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study to Find Prevalence and Risk Factors for Childhood Asthma in Pune City, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cheraghi ◽  
Alireza Dadgarinejad ◽  
Sundeep Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of

We aimed to determine current prevalence of asthma and risk factors associated with it in Pune, India. Methods. This was a cross-sectional school-population-based study in which parents of school children aged 6-7 and 13-14 were administered an ISAAC questionnaire and an additional set of questions that detected the presence of potential risk factors known to be associated with asthma during 2008-2009 academic years. Results. Prevalence of current asthma was 6.7% (7% amongst 6-7-year olds and 6.3% amongst 13-14 year olds. Asthma was more common amongst boys (8.1%) than girls (4.9%) and more frequent in students studying in private schools (7.3%) than in those studying in public schools (5.8%). Risk factors such as family history of atopy, caesarian delivery, use of biomass fuel for cooking, absence of separate kitchen, absence of exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life, preterm birth, snoring, dampness at home, male sex, and parental smoking were significantly associated with asthma. Conclusion. There was a high prevalence of childhood asthma in Pune, India, which was associated with genetic and environmental risk factors.

scholarly journals Periodontal diseases and potential risk factors in Egyptian adult population—Results from a national cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0258958
Author(s):  
Reham Khaled Abou El Fadl ◽  
Mona Ahmed Abdel Fattah ◽  
Muhammad Ahmed Helmi ◽  
Mariem Osama Wassel ◽  
Amira Saad Badran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of

Background Despite the interdependence of general and periodontal health, there is paucity of national representative data on the prevalence of periodontal diseases and their associated risk factors in Egyptian population. This cross-sectional study, thus, aimed to assess the prevalence of periodontitis and tooth loss among Egyptian adults and investigate the association between potential risk factors and periodontal diseases. Methods A total of 5,954 adults aged ≥ 20 years were included in this study as a subsample from Egypt’s national oral health survey. Periodontitis was diagnosed with Community Periodontal Index ‘CPI’ scores ≥3 and tooth loss not due to caries was included in the analysis. Socio-demographic data and information on behavioral factors and history of diabetes were gathered in a face-to-face interview. Logistic regression was done to interpret the impact of potential predictors on the incidence of the two selected outcome variables. Results The overall prevalence of periodontitis was 26% and regression analysis revealed that higher odds of periodontitis existed among illiterate participants (OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.40–2.17), smokers (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.69–2.20) and rural residents (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.03–1.30). On the other hand, old age, frequency of dental attendance and history of diabetes were the main predictive factors for tooth loss. Conclusions Among Egyptian adults, periodontal diseases were strongly associated with a multitude of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors and inequalities in distribution of periodontal treatment needs were determined mainly by age, gender, level of education and residency location.

scholarly journals Potential Risk Factors for Length of Hospitalization in COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Health Scope ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaheh Talebi-Ghane ◽  
Salman Khazaei ◽  
Leili Tapak ◽  
Ali Reza Soltanian ◽  
Saeed Bashirian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Background: Identifying the potential risk factors of the length of stay in hospital (LOSH) in COVID-19 patients could help the health system meet future demand for hospital beds. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the length of stay in hospital in COVID-19 patients in Hamadan, the west of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 512 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Hamadan city. Demographic, clinical, and medical laboratory characteristics of the patients and their survival status were assessed by a checklist. Univariate and multiple negative binomial regressions were used by Stata 12. Results: The median hospitalization length for COVID-19 patients was five days (range: 0 to 47). In the discharged patients, the adjusted incidence rate ratios (95% CI) of LOSH for females, rural residents, patients with a history of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, SPO2 less than 88%, prothrombin time higher than 13 s, platelet count lower than 130 × 1000 µL, blood sugar higher than 105 mg/dL, and intensive care unit experience were 1.16 (1.03, 1.44), 1.22 (1.03, 1.44), 1.43 (1.07, 1.92), 1.41 (1.23, 1.61), 0.82 (0.71, 0.93), 1.32 (1.11, 1.56), 1.18 (1.03, 1.36), and 1.85 (1.59, 2.17) compared to their references, respectively. Conclusions: Our study added new insight into LOSH determining factors that could be used for future planning in combating the need for hospital beds. The present study revealed that some demographic, social, and clinical variables could increase the IRR of a more extended hospital stay.

scholarly journals Etiological Pattern of Dementia in Patients Attending Dementia Clinic in a Referal Hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Md Masud Rana ◽  
Imran Sarker ◽  
Md Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Md Rezaul Karim Khan ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Background and objectives: Dementia is characterized by loss of or decline in memory and other cognitive abilities and reduces the lifespan of affected people. The number of people with Alzheimer’s Disease and other dementias is increasing every year because of the steady growth in the older population and stable increment in life expectancy and it is expected to increase two-fold by 2030 and three-fold by 2050.In addition to Alzheimer’s disease there are so many reversible and irreversible causes of dementia. This study was aimed to explore the different etiological factors related to dementia patients. Risk factors for dementia, co-morbid conditions were also included. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out from 2009 to 2014 at dementia clinic (OPD), department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). A total number of 166 dementia patients, as diagnosed by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and confirmed by Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE) score were recruited in this study. Diagnosis of specific type of dementia was made on the basis of established criteria. Results: Alzheimer’s disease(32.5%) and Vascular dementia(31.9%) were the most common etiological factor followed by Mixed dementia(19.9%), PD with dementia(8.4%) and others(7.2%) like hypothyroidism, head injury, epilepsy etc. Increasing age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, IHD, smoking are potential risk factors for dementia. Conclusion: This study concludes Alzheimer’s disease and Vascular dementia are almost equally occurring dementia. There are also some potential risk factors for development of dementia whose modification can bring a great change in dementia treatment and functional outcome of this group of elderly people of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2014; Vol. 30 (2): 77-83

scholarly journals Carpal, tarsal, and stifle skin lesion prevalence and potential risk factors in Swiss dairy cows kept in tie stalls: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0228808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Karin Bernhard ◽  
Beatriz Vidondo ◽  
Rahel Lisa Achermann ◽  
Rahel Rediger ◽  
Kerstin Elisabeth Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Skin Lesion ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Risk Factors
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