scholarly journals Adherence to Community Acquired Pneumonia guideleines and patients outcomes in a peri-urban hospital in Natal, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (09) ◽  
pp. 1321-1327
Author(s):  
Waheeba Madani ◽  
Halima Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Urban Hospital ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. This issue is further exacerbated by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic. Methodology: The study was a retrospective, clinical record review of hospitalized patients (18 years and older) with a diagnosis of LRTI between the 1st of January 2012 and 31 December 2012, descriptive and comparable analysis was performed. Results: Number of patients was 274; 142 (51.8%) males. The commonest final diagnosis was Pulmonary Tuberclosis (PTB) in 131 (47.8%) and CAP in 127 (46.4%). The case fatality rate was 25.5% (70/274) and was significantly associated with HIV infection (77.4%) (p < 0,01), CD4 cell count ≤ 200 cells (96.3), final diagnosis of TB (65.7%) (p < 0.01), female sex (57%) (p < 0.01), confusion (50%) (p < 0.01), age of 65 years or more (29%) (p < 0.01). CURB-65 score (Confusion, Urea more than 7mmol/l, Respiratory rate (RR) ≥30 breaths /min, low blood pressure (less than 90 mmHg systolic and 60mmHg diastolic) and age ≥ 65 years) was only documented in 4 % (11/274) patients. Only 63 patients (23%) met the admission criteria of two or more points when the CURB-65 score was calculated. Conclusions: Failure to use the CURB-65 score resulted in an increase admission of patients presenting with LRTI. There was an increased case fatality rate in this high HIV prevalence setting.

scholarly journals Managing older adults’ fear of coronavirus disease: A new role for social work practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 147332502097329
Author(s):  
Hamed Mortazavi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

As the number of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (nCOVID-19) increases, the number of deaths has also been increasing. According to World Health Organization (WHO), as of 4 October 2020, 34,804,348 cases had tested positive for nCOVID-19 globally, which among them, 1,030,738 confirmed deaths had occurred, equivalent to a case-fatality rate of 2.96%. However, in comparison with global statistics, the incidence and mortality of the nCOVID-19 infection are higher in Iran. As reported by the National Committee on COVID-19 Epidemiology of Ministry of Health of Iran, the total number of patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection has reached 468,119, of which 26,746 have died, equivalent to a case-fatality rate of 5.71%. Currently, there is solid evidence that older adults are at a higher risk of severe disease following infection from COVID-19.

scholarly journals The burden of presumed tuberculosis in hospitalized children in a resource-limited setting in Papua New Guinea: a prospective observational study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 374-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Villa Watch ◽  
Jimmy Aipit ◽  
Tina Kote-Yarong ◽  
Allanie Rero ◽  
John W Bolnga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Fatality Rate

Abstract Background In Papua New Guinea, TB is considered to be a major public health problem, but little is known about the prevalence and prognosis of presumed TB in children. Methods As part of a prospective hospital-based surveillance on the northern coast of mainland Papua New Guinea, the authors investigated the admission prevalence and case fatality rate associated with presumed TB over a 6-year period (2011–2016). All children admitted who were diagnosed with TB were followed-up until discharge or death. Results Of 8992 paediatric admissions, 734 patients (8.2%) were diagnosed with presumed TB and there were 825 deaths, with TB accounting for 102 (12.4%). Extrapulmonary TB was the final diagnosis in 384 admissions {prevalence 4.3% [384/8992 (95% CI 3.9–4.7)]} with a case fatality rate of 21.4% [82/384 (95% CI 17.4–25.9)]. TB meningitis, disseminated TB and pericardial TB had high case fatality rates of 29.0% (53/183), 28.9% (11/38) and 25% (4/16), respectively. Severe malnutrition was more common in patients with pulmonary compared with extrapulmonary TB (25.4% vs 15.6%; p&lt;0.01). Conclusions Improved community-based case detection strategies, routine BCG vaccinations and other effective forms of TB control need revitalization and sustainability to reduce the high case fatality rates associated with childhood TB in Papua New Guinea.

scholarly journals Trend of case fatality rate during first 30 days of COVID-19 epidemic; the example of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e05-e05
Author(s):  
Khatereh Anbari ◽  
Seyyed Amir Yasin Ahmadi ◽  
Mitra Elmi
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: One of the unusual aspects in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is changing case fatality rate (CFR) in different time series. Many researchers are trying to find the reasons of this variability. Objectives: This study aimed to present a model for a 30-day trend of CFR in any infectious disease epidemic using the example of COVID-19 in Iran. Patients and Methods: As a case study, we tried to use statistical mining of scientific databases. A descriptive approach with quantitative tools was conducted. The World Health Organization (WHO) database was used to access daily reports of CFR. Funnel plot and Z score were used to study and graph the trend. Results: During this period of time, a total of 20610 cases were confirmed based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among them, 1556 individuals died. Therefore, CFR was calculated as 7.549% (95% confidence intervals 7.189%-7.910%). This frequency was considered as the pooled frequency. Daily CFR with 95% CI was compared with the pooled frequency. Conclusion: In our case, the epidemic was started from high CFR due to low number of cases and testing only highly suspicious individuals. Then, the CFR was reduced due to increased number of patients and improvement in screening. Finally, CFR went back to its moderate rate due to the addition of the death numbers related to the cases of previous days.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of 50466 patients with 2019-nCoV infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Sun ◽  
Shuyan Qie ◽  
Zongjan Liu ◽  
Jizhen Ren ◽  
Jianing Xi
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Abnormal Chest ◽  
Number Of Patients

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to summarize reliable evidences of evidence-based medicine for the treatment and prevention of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by analyzing all the published studies on the clinical characteristics of patients with 2019-nCoV.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and other databases were searched. Several studies on the clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV infection were collected for Meta-analysis.ResultsTen studies were included in Meta-analysis, including a total number of 50466 patients with 2019-nCoV infection. Meta-analysis shows that, among these patients, the incidence of fever was 89.1%, the incidence of cough was 72.2%, and the incidence of muscle soreness or fatigue was 42.5%. The incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was 14.8%, the incidence of abnormal chest computer tomography (CT) was 96.6%, the percentage of severe cases in all infected cases was 18.1%, and the case fatality rate of patients with 2019-nCoV infection was 4.3%.ConclusionFever and cough are the most common symptoms in patients with 2019-nCoV infection, and most of these patients have abnormal chest CT examination. Several people have muscle soreness or fatigue as well as ARDS. Diarrhea, hemoptysis, headache, sore throat, shock, and other symptoms only occur in a small number of patients. The case fatality rate of patients with 2019-nCoV infection is lower than that of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS).

scholarly journals Incidence and case fatality rate of COVID-19 in patients with active epilepsy

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. e1417-e1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Cabezudo-García ◽  
Nicolás Lundahl Ciano-Petersen ◽  
Natalia Mena-Vázquez ◽  
Gracia Pons-Pons ◽  
María Victoria Castro-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Active Epilepsy ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

ObjectiveThis article estimates the incidence and fatality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and identifies potential risk factors for fatality in patients with active epilepsy.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional observational study of patients with active epilepsy and COVID-19. A control group was used to compare the cumulative incidence and case-fatality rate (CFR). The main outcomes of the study were cumulative incidence, defined as number of patients with active epilepsy and COVID-19 admitted to an emergency department divided by the total number of patients with epilepsy at risk, and CFR based on the number of deaths during the enrollment period. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate risk factors for fatality in patients with active epilepsy.ResultsOf the 1,537 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 21 (1.3%) had active epilepsy. The cumulative incidence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of COVID-19 in patients with epilepsy was higher (1.2% [0.6–2.4]) compared to the population without epilepsy (0.5% [0.5–0.5]). In reverse transcription PCR–positive patients, there were no significant differences in CFR in patients with active epilepsy compared to patients without epilepsy (33.3% vs 8.3%; p = 0.266). Of the 21 patients with active epilepsy, 5 (23%) died. In multivariate analysis, the factor associated with fatality in patients with active epilepsy was hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 2.8 [95% CI 1.3–21.6]). In another model, age (OR 1.0 [95% CI 1.0–1.1]) and epilepsy (OR 5.1 [95% CI 1.3–24.0]) were associated with fatality during hospitalization.ConclusionCOVID-19 cumulative incidence was higher in patients with active epilepsy. Epilepsy was associated with fatality during hospitalization. Hypertension was associated with fatality in patients with epilepsy.

Burden of diabetic illness in an urban hospital in Nigeria

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Ogbera
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Death Certificates ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Urban Hospital ◽  
Documented Case

This is a retrospective study that set out to determine the mortality patterns and case fatality rates of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) in a Nigerian hospital. The sources of data were the medical records, ward admissions, deaths register and death certificates. Of a total of 13,797 medical admissions made over a period of 11 years (1990-2000),1423 (10.3%) were DM related and the documented case fatality rate of DM was 22.6%.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI OUTCOME TERAPI PASIEN PNEUMONIA DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT FATMAWATI JAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Feri Setiadi ◽  
Shirly Kumala ◽  
Hesty Utami R ◽  
Ahmad Subhan
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Berdasarkan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas)2018 prevalensi pneumonia di jakarta 2.3 %. Pneumoni mempunyai case fatality rate (CFR) yang tinggi yaitu 7.6% sehingga beresiko mempunyai outcome terapi yang tidak baik. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi outcome terapi pasien pneumonia di RSUP Fatmawati. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara retrospektif dengan metode cross sectional pada pasien pneumonia (hospital acquired pneumonia/HAP dan community-acquired pneumonia/CAP) yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi selama periode januari-september 2018. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengkajian data rekam medis pasien. Ada dua jenis outcome terapi yang digunakan yaitu pasien pulang/sembuh dan pasien meninggal. Analisis faktor yang mempengaruhi outcome dilakukan dengan uji chi square menggunakan SPSS. Selama penelitian didapatkan 40 pasien memenuhi kriteria inklusi terdiri dari 22 HAP dan 18 CAP. Hasil umur pasien (65.0%) berada pada kelompok usia 17-65 tahun. Lebih banyak pasien laki-laki (57.5%) dibandingkan pasien perempuan (42.5%). Sebagian besar pasien (37.5%) di rawat selama 8-14 hari. Penggunaan antibiotik (35.0%) terbanyak digunakan antibiotik ceftriaxone golongan sefalosporin. Proporsi pasien dengan outcome sembuh/pulang sebanyak (52.5%) dan pasien meninggal ( 47.5%). Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan faktor yang signifikan mempengaruhi outcome adalah penyakit penyerta (P=0.022) Adapun faktor yang tidak ada hubungan bermakna terhadap outcome pasien pneumonia  yaitu: usia pasien, lama perawatan dan kerasionalan antibiotik.

Time trends and case fatality rate of in-hospital treated pulmonary embolism during 11 years of observation in Northwestern Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (02) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Ageno ◽  
Fulvio Pomero ◽  
Luigi Fenoglio ◽  
Alessandro Squizzato ◽  
Matteo Bonzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Hospital Case

SummaryPulmonary embolism (PE) is a common disorder with high mortality and morbidity rates. However, population-based information on its incidence and prognosis remains limited. We conducted a large epidemiology study collecting data on hospitalisation for PE (from 2002 to 2012) in a population of about 13 million people in Northwestern Italy. Patients were identified using the ICD-9-CM codes: 415.11, 415.19; gender and age specific incidence rate of PE during the study period were estimated using the resident population for each year of the study. Furthermore, time trends in the in-hospital PE-related mortality and case fatality rate were calculated. Results were adjusted for possible confounders. A total of 60,853 patients (mean age 72.8 years, ± 14.1, 59.6 % females) with PE were included; the overall crude incidence rate for the entire study period was 55.4 and 40.6 events per year per 100,000 inhabitants for women and men, respectively (p < 0.001). However, this difference was completely lost after standardisation for age. The incidence of PE significantly increased in both genders during the study period. In-hospital case fatality rate significantly decreased throughout the study period (p < 0.001) in women (from 15.6 % to 10.2 %) and in men (from 17.6 % to 10.1 %). The observed decrease of the in-hospital case-fatality throughout the study period remained significant also after adjustment for possible confounders. In conclusion, time trends over an 11-year period show an increasing incidence of PE, but a significant reduction in mortality during hospitalisation. Reduction in the case fatality rate remained significant after adjustment for these possible confounders.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.

scholarly journals Blastomycosis in Northwestern Ontario, 2004 to 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dalcin ◽  
Syed Zaki Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Invasive Fungal Disease ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Canadian Studies ◽  
History Of

Blastomycosis is an invasive fungal disease caused byBlastomyces dermatitidisand the recently discoveredBlastomyces gilchristii. The medical charts of 64 patients with confirmed cases of blastomycosis in northwestern Ontario during a 10-year period (2004 to 2014) were retrospectively reviewed. The number of patients diagnosed with blastomycosis in Ontario was observed to have increased substantially compared with before 1990, when blastomycosis was removed from the list of reportable diseases. Aboriginals were observed to be disproportionately represented in the patient population. Of the patients whose smoking status was known, 71.4% had a history of smoking. 59.4% of patients had underlying comorbidities and a higher comorbidity rate was observed among Aboriginal patients. The case-fatality rate from direct complications of blastomycosis disease was calculated to be 20.3%; this case-fatality rate is the highest ever to be reported in Canada and more than double that of previously published Canadian studies. The clinical characteristics of 64 patients diagnosed with blastomycosis are summarized.

scholarly journals SNAKEBITE POISONING IN CHILDREN

2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (144) ◽  
pp. 463-467
Author(s):  
Binod M Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Poisoning In Children

Snakebite Poisoning is a common paediatric emergency especially during the monsoonseason in the terai and inner terai regions of Nepal. There is hardly any study conductedso far in Nepal to highlight different aspects of snakebite poisoning in children. Thisretrospective study was therefore conducted basically to find out the clinicoepidemiologicalfeatures, case fatality rate and risk factors for death in childrenadmitted in Lumbini Zonal Hospital (LZH) with features of snakebite poisoning.The study showed the highest incidence of snakebite poisoning among children agedabove 10 years. The peak incidence of poisoning was seen during July-August. Thesemonths correspond with the monsoon season in Nepal. Most of the victims had bitesby unidentified snakes (75%), mostly on the fingers & hands (nearly 50%). Nearly47% of the children had respiratory distress, and a large majority of them requiredrespiratory support therapy. Case fatality rate (CFR) was nearly 29%. The relativerisk factors for death due to snakebite poisoning were: age above 5 years, male sex,bites on the finger & hand and bites by Kraits. Mortality and morbidity due to snakebitecan be reduced by early & judicious use of anti-snake venom (ASV).Key Words: Snakebite, Poisoning, Children, Case fatality rate, Nepal

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