scholarly journals Characteristics of the immune response during acute brucellosis in Sprague-Dawley rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeong Kirl Baek ◽  
Mst. Minara Khatun ◽  
Md. Ariful Islam ◽  
Sung Il Lee
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

scholarly journals Prophylactic or therapeutic administration of Holarrhena floribunda hydro ethanol extract suppresses Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced arthritis in Sprague-Dawley rats    

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Antwi ◽  
Daniel Oduro-Mensah ◽  
David Darko Obiri ◽  
Clara Lewis ◽  
Ebenezer Oduro-Mensah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Adjuvant Induced Arthritis ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Complete Freund's Adjuvant ◽  
Freund's Adjuvant

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance In Ghanaian folk medicine, Holarrhena floribunda has anecdotal use for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. A hydro ethanol extract of the stem bark has previously been shown to be effective in the management of acute inflammation and anaphylaxis in rodents.Aim of the study This study was aimed at evaluating the usefulness of H. floribunda stem bark hydro ethanol extract (HFE) for the management of chronic inflammation in a murine model.Materials and Methods Anti-arthritic effect of the extract was evaluated using Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced arthritis in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Using both prophylactic and therapeutic treatment models, parameters assessed included oedema, serology of inflammatory response, radiology, bone tissue histology and haematology. Data were analysed by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons post hoc test.Results HFE at 50–500 mg/kg dose-dependently [P ≥ 0.0354 (prophylactic) and P ≥ 0.0001 (therapeutic)] inhibited swelling of the injected paw upon prophylactic [≤ 81.26 % (P < 0.0001)] or therapeutic [≤ 67.92 % (P < 0.01)] administration — and prevented spread of arthritis to the contralateral paw. Inflammation alleviation activity of HFE was further demonstrated by decrease in arthritis score, radiologic score and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. HFE at all doses significantly reduced serum IL-1α (P < 0.0197), and 500 mg/kg HFE reduced serum IL-6 (P = 0.0032). In contrast, serum concentrations of IL-10, protein kinase A and cyclic adenosine monophosphate were enhanced (P ≤ 0.0436). HFE consistently showed better prophylactic activity than when administered therapeutically.Conclusions The data demonstrate that HFE suppresses CFA-induced arthritis and modulates regulators of inflammation; including IL-1α, -6 and -10 which also play mediatory roles in several immune response pathways. These make HFE a strong candidate for development as an agent for management and modulation of inflammation and the inflammatory response, including immune response-related adverse events such as seen in severe COVID-19.

Acquired resistance to experimental infections of Schistosoma mansoni in the albino rat

Parasitology ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Smithers ◽  
R. J. Terry
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Host Parasite

The host–parasite relationships of Schistosoma mansoni in the albino rat have been studied recently by Ritchie, Garson & Knight (1963) and by Sadun & Bruce (1964). The general findings of these and other workers are that, in rats, the worms are always stunted, although they may pair and non-viable eggs may be found in the liver. The worms remain in the liver and seldom, if ever, migrate to the mesenteries. Ritchie et al. (1963) found that the majority of the worms were eliminated between the 4th and 8th week after infection; this is much sooner than in other experimental hosts. Sadun & Bruce (1964) suggest that rats are particularly suitable and convenient for studies on acquired resistance to S. mansoni; this suggestion is based mainly on the grounds that acquired resistance is more easily demonstrated in animals which show a relatively great degree of innate resistance.The present work has been undertaken in order to establish whether the immune response in the albino rat is at all similar to that in the rhesus monkey (Smithers & Terry, 1965b). Two features of the host–parasite system have been studied in detail; the elimination of the worms which follows an initial infection and a comparison of the development of acquired resistance following exposure to X-irradiated cercariae with that following exposure to normal cercariae.A Puerto-Rican strain of S. mansoni, and Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 100–200 g, were used in all experiments. The methods of exposing the rats percutaneously to infection and the recovery of the worms by perfusion have been fully described (Smithers & Terry, 1965 a).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antigenicity of Components of Tracheal Allotransplant and Effect of Immunosuppressant Regime in a Rodent Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (03) ◽  
pp. 357-362
Author(s):  
Dimpy Sharma ◽  
Subramania Iyer ◽  
Sobha Subramaniam ◽  
Janarthanan Ramu ◽  
Mohit Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Ischemic Damage ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Iatrogenic Lesion ◽  
Lymphoid Infiltration ◽  
Time Frames

Abstract Background Tracheal transplantation seems to be the logical step in the process of reconstruction of the trachea following a long-segment resection, which is usually done to treat malignant disease or benign stenosis of the airway caused by a traumatic, congenital, inflammatory, or iatrogenic lesion. Immunosuppression following transplant is essential but not ideal after oncoresection. Methods The tracheal allografts, harvested from Sprague Dawley rats, were implanted in the Wistar strain rat. The harvested tracheal grafts were divided into groups and subgroups, based on the layers of trachea, method of decellularization, and immunosuppression. The antigenicity of different layers of trachea and the effect of various decellularization methods were studied within three time frames, that is, day 3, 9, and 15. Result On structural analysis, the day 3 and day 15 samples showed no meaningful comparison could be made, due to extensive neutrophil infiltration in all three layers. The day 9 tracheal grafts showed loss of epithelium, with no signs of regeneration in most of the allografts. The subepithelial lymphoid infiltration was found to be severe in nonimmunosuppressed allografts. The group in which both inner and outer layers were removed showed moderate-to-severe infiltrate of lymphoid cells in all the allografts, but there was no cartilage loss, irrespective of the method of decellularization. The irradiated specimens retained the cartilage but showed extensive ischemic damage. Conclusion Rat trachea is a good model for tracheal transplant research but not adequately sturdy to sustain mechanical debridement. Irradiation and chemical decellularization eliminates the immune response but causes intense ischemic damage. Out of the three time frames, day 9 seemed to be the best to study the immune response. To substantiate the results obtained in this study, the immunohistochemical study of the allografts is needed to be performed among a larger group of animals.

scholarly journals Diepitopic Construct of Functionally and Epitopically Complementary Peptides Enhances Immunogenicity, Reactivity with Glucosyltransferase, and Protection from Dental Caries

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 4210-4216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Taubman ◽  
Cynthia J. Holmberg ◽  
Daniel J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Caries Model

ABSTRACT Coimmunization with peptide constructs from catalytic (CAT) and glucan-binding (GLU) domains of glucosyltransferase (GTF) of mutans streptococci has resulted in enhanced levels of antibody to the CAT construct and to GTF. We designed and synthesized a diepitopic construct (CAT-GLU) containing two copies of both CAT (B epitope only) and GLU (B and T epitope) peptides. The immunogenicity of this diepitopic construct was compared with that of individual CAT and GLU constructs by immunizing groups of Sprague-Dawley rats subcutaneously in the salivary gland vicinity with the CAT-GLU, CAT, or GLU construct or by treating rats by sham immunization. Levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to GTF or CAT in the CAT-GLU group were significantly greater than in GLU- or CAT-immunized groups. Immunization with CAT-GLU was compared to coimmunization with a mixture of CAT and GLU in a second rodent experiment under a similar protocol. CAT-GLU immunization resulted in serum IgG and salivary IgA responses to GTF and CAT which were greater than after coimmunization. Immunization with the diepitopic construct and communization with CAT and GLU constructs showed proliferation of T lymphocytes to GTF. Immunization with either the CAT or GLU construct has been shown to elicit significant protection in a rodent dental caries model. Similarly in this study, the enhanced response to GTF after immunization with the CAT-GLU construct resulted in protective effects on dental caries. Therefore, the CAT-GLU diepitopic construct can be a potentially important antigen for a caries vaccine, giving rise to greater immune response than after immunization with CAT, GLU, or a mixture of the two.

Ultrastructural Investigation of Spontaneous Pituitary Adenomas in Aging Sprague-Dawley Rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Prolactin Cells ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Ultrastructural Investigation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Long Evans

Investigation of the spontaneous pituitary adenomas in rat have been limited mainly to light microscopic study. Furth et al. (1973) described them as chromophobic, secreting prolactin. Kovacs et al. (1977) in an ul trastructural investigation of adenomas of old female Long-Evans rats, found that they were composed of prolactin cells. Berkvens et al. (1980) using immunocytochemistry at the light microscopic level, demonstrated that some spontaneous tumors of old Wistar rats could contain GH, TSH or ACTH as well as PRL.

Early Development of Drug-Induced Hepatic Necrosis

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
F. G. Zaki ◽  
E. Detzi ◽  
C. H. Keysser
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Microscopic Studies

This study represents the first in a series of investigations carried out to elucidate the mechanism(s) of early hepatocellular damage induced by drugs and other related compounds. During screening tests of CNS-active compounds in rats, it has been found that daily oral administration of one of these compounds at a dose level of 40 mg. per kg. of body weight induced diffuse massive hepatic necrosis within 7 weeks in Charles River Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes. Partial hepatectomy enhanced the development of this peculiar type of necrosis (3 weeks instead of 7) while treatment with phenobarbital prior to the administration of the drug delayed the appearance of necrosis but did not reduce its severity.Electron microscopic studies revealed that early development of this liver injury (2 days after the administration of the drug) appeared in the form of small dark osmiophilic vesicles located around the bile canaliculi of all hepatocytes (Fig. 1). These structures differed from the regular microbodies or the pericanalicular multivesicular bodies. They first appeared regularly rounded with electron dense matrix bound with a single membrane. After one week on the drug, these vesicles appeared vacuolated and resembled autophagosomes which soon developed whorls of concentric lamellae or cisterns characteristic of lysosomes (Fig. 2). These lysosomes were found, later on, scattered all over the hepatocytes.

Ultrastructural investigation of spontaneous pituitary gonadotroph cell adenomas in aging Sprague-Dawley rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 702-703
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reticulin Fibers ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Gonadotroph cell adenomas of the pituitary are infrequent in human patients and are not invariably associated with altered gonadal function. To date, no animal model of this tumor type exists. Herein, we describe spontaneous gonadotroph cell adenomas in old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by histology, immunocytology and electron microscopy.The material consisted of the pituitaries of 27 male and 38 female Sprague Dawley rats, all 26 months of age or older, removed at routine autopsy. Sections of formal in-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained with hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron (HPS), the PAS method and the Gordon-Sweet technique for the demonstration of reticulin fibers. For immunostaining, sections were exposed to anti-rat β-LH, anti-ratβ-TSH, anti-rat PRL, anti-rat GH and anti-rat ACTH 1-39. For electron microscopy, tissue was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% OsO4 and embedded in epoxy-resin. Tissue fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in epoxy resin without osmification, was used for immunoelectron microscopy.

Freeze-etch studies of epiphyseal growth plate cartilage reveal matrix vesicles associated with calcification

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 670-671
Author(s):  
Russell N. A. Cecil ◽  
H. Clarke Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Matrix Vesicles ◽  
Matrix Vesicle ◽  
Glycerol Solution ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Epiphyseal Growth Plate ◽  
Growth Plates ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tibial Epiphyseal

Unfixed proximal tibial epiphyseal growth plates were studied by freeze-etch to confirm the presence of extracellular calcifying matrix vesicles and to determine the substructure of matrix vesicle membranes as compared to plasma and other membranes of intact chondrocytes. Growth plates from 6-10 week old Sprague-Dawley rats were cut into 1x3 mm blocks whose long dimension was oriented either perpendicular or parallel to the long axis of the tibia. Some blocks were fixed at pH 7. 0 in 0. 2M cacodylate - buffered 2. 5% glutaraldehyde for 1 hour at 4ÅC. The blocks were immersed in 30% glycerol solution at 4ÅC for 1 hour, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and then fractured, etched for 2 minutes, and coated with platinum, carbon and 0. 2% Formvar solution. The replicas were cleaned with chromic acid, floated onto Formvar coated grids, and examined with a Phillips EM 300 electron microscope.Fixed and unfixed specimens appeared similar in ultrastructure. Chondrocytes, matrix, and matrix vesicles were identified. In specimens fractured parallel to the long axis of the tibia, the reserve, proliferative, hypertrophic, and calcifying zones could be discerned as described by light and electron microscopy.

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