scholarly journals The Assessment of Drug Utilization Study of Anticancer Drugs Using WHO Prescribing Indicators in a Government Tertiary Care Hospital of the Hyderabad - Karnataka Region of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1203-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmatanzeem Bepari ◽  
Nayana Sakre ◽  
Ishrat Rahman ◽  
Shaik Kalimulla Niazi ◽  
Asmabi M. Dervesh
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Inappropriate Drug ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Essential Drug ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Drug List

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a major burden and threat to global society. A wide range of chemotherapeutic agents is extensively used to treat cancer at different stages. Inappropriate drug use may also lead to the raised cost of medical care, adverse drug effects, and patient mortality. Hence, in recent years, drug utilisation studies have become a potential tool to be used in the evaluation of different health care systems including cancer. AIMS: The objectives of the study were to identify the various types of cancer, the commonly prescribed drugs, rational use of anticancer drugs, and analyse the prescribing indicators in a tertiary care government hospital of India. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Newly diagnosed cancer and/or known case of carcinoma of either sex which required treatment/on treatment with chemotherapy aged > 18 yrs admitted in Radiotherapy Department from April 2016 to September 2016 were included in the study and analysed for prescribing indicators. RESULTS: The head & neck cancers were the prevalent cancers observed with more preponderance among males. Most of the patients were prescribed with a single anticancer drug. Cisplatin was the most commonly used cytotoxic drug followed by carboplatin, and antimetabolites. The most commonly used adjuvant drugs in our study were anti-emetics and anti-peptic ulcer drugs. Over 82% of anticancer agents were taken from the essential drug list and were prescribed in generic names, indicating rational use. CONCLUSION: Over 82% of anticancer agents were taken from the essential drug list and were prescribed in generic names, indicating rational use.

scholarly journals Drug Utilization Pattern by Using WHO Core Prescribing Indicators in Orthopedics and Obstetrics / Gynecology Departments of a Tertiary Care Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh Karki ◽  
Ruban Raj Joshi ◽  
Buddhi Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Pravin Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Utilization Pattern ◽  
Essential Drug ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Drug List ◽  
Prescription Form

Introduction: Drug utilization research is an important tool to facilitate rational use of drugs. In low income countries irrational use of drugs is a common problem like overuse of drugs and inappropriate use of antibiotics, leading to poor treatment outcome and increased burden of treatment. This study was conducted to provide understanding of drug utilization pattern by using WHO Core Prescribing Indicator. Methods: This study was conducted in Orthopedics and Obstetrics / Gynecology departments. Patients visiting these Out Patient Departments with at least one drug on prescription form were included in the study. Further, information related to WHO Core Prescribing Indicators were collected in pre-designed proforma. Results: Average number of drugs prescribed per prescription was 2.6. Means of number of drugs prescribed in Orthopedics and Obstetrics / Gynecology departments were 2.9 and 2.3 respectively (p < 0.001). Drugs prescribed in generic name and from essential drug list was 41.4% and 34.3% respectively. Prescription forms with generic name in Orthopedics department were significantly more compared to Obstetrics / Gynecology department (p = 0.00002). However, there was an increased tendency to prescribe drugs from essential drug list in Obstetrics / Gynecology department compared to Orthopedics department (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Drugs were prescribed by generic name and from essential drug list, but this was not sufficient to meet the ideal values of WHO Core Prescribing Indicator. Therefore, prioritization on prescribing drugs by generic name and from essential drug list by respective departments to achieve the standards of WHO needs to be encouraged.

scholarly journals Evaluation of rational drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators in a medical intensive care unit of a tertiary teaching hospital in Kerala, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Shobha P. ◽  
Messaline Sunitha
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Essential Drug ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Drug List ◽  
Tertiary Teaching ◽  
Set Up

Background: ICU patients are exposed to more number of life saving drugs and face drug related problems like therapeutic failure, drug interactions and frequent adverse drug reactions. The cost of ICU hospitalisation and money spent on medicines is also a huge burden on these patients. A study of prescribing pattern in an ICU set up will serve as a medical audit to monitor and evaluate the prescribing practices to make it more rational and cost effective.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in a medical ICU of a tertiary care hospital. All the inpatients admitted in the medical ICU during the study period of 2 months were included in the study. The data obtained from the case sheets were used to assess the prescribing pattern and rationality of drug use.Results: A total of 101 patients were admitted in 2 months. The most common illness for which the patients (22) were admitted was respiratory problems. Average number of drugs per prescription was 6.9. Cardiovascular system (23.9%) drugs were the most frequently prescribed. Pantoprazole (77) was the single most commonly prescribed drug. 40% of the drugs were prescribed from the essential drug list. The average cost of medicines incurred per person in our study was 5126.33 in INR.Conclusions: Polypharmacy and unwanted prescription of proton pump inhibitors can be avoided by prescribing more generics and drugs from essential drug list.

scholarly journals A Study of drug utilization pattern in gynaecology out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4280
Author(s):  
Manish B. Nandeshwar ◽  
Ashish D. Chakravorty
Keyword(s):  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Essential Drug ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Drug List ◽  
Patient Department

Background: Gynaecological diseases are common in India because of socioeconomic, hygienic and literacy problems. Gynaecological drugs are one of the strong selling drugs in pharmaceutical market. Drug utilization research facilitate appropriate use of drugs in patient, minimize the adverse event and lead to better patient outcome. So, the present study was carried out to examine the patterns of drug prescription.Methods: A retrospective, observational study was done by collecting the prescriptions of the patients who attended the Gynaecology out-patient department in our institute for the period of six months. Total 300 prescription were collected and analysed. Patient’s demographic data, total number and category of drugs prescribed, percentage of individual drug and their dosage forms, drugs prescribed by generic name, brand names and percentage of drugs prescribed from essential drug list were analysed.Results: The mean age of presentation was 36.6±10.98 years. Among infective group breast abscess were common and among non-infective cases dysmenorrhea was most common. Out of 754 drugs prescribed, minerals were most commonly prescribed (42.70%) followed by antimicrobials (24.53%). Tablet form were prescribed more commonly (96.02%) followed by capsules (2%) and injections (1.06%). The average no. of drugs per prescription was 2.51±1.26 SD. Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name were 98.01% and drugs prescribed from essential drug list were 85.41%.Conclusions: The overall drug use pattern in our study correlates with various gynaecological diseases. Majority of the women from rural background depend on primary health services for gynaecological diseases in their areas so, strengthening of gynaecological health care services reduce the morbidity among the women from rural areas. 

scholarly journals Prescription auditing based on World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators: A case of Dilla University referral hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigatu Addisu Bekele ◽  
Jarsso Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Referral Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Essential Drug ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Drug List ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: Rational use of drugs requires that patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements for an adequate period of time, at the lowest cost to them and their community. The issues of irrational use of medicines is global and that a global approach coordinated by WHO with more vigorous implementation of leadership and evidence based advocacy of rational use of medicine is essential Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive and quantitative study was conducted at Dilla University Referral Hospital to determine the current prescribing practices. 1440 prescription were selected using systematic random sampling and reviewed retrospectively for a 2-year period from from September 01/2016 to August 31/ 2018 using prescriptions and Prescription registry. Results: The average number of drugs prescribed per prescription was 1.813  ranging from 1 and 6. 1437(99.79%), 1287(89.38%), 1392 (96.67%), 1428 (99.17%) and 0(0%) of the analyzed prescriptions had name of the patient, date, medical record number, age and address of the patients respectively. Antibiotic and injection was prescribed in 842(58.47%) and 94(6.53%) of encounters respectively. The Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and from an essential drug list was 85.33% (n=2227) and 97.43% (n=2543), respectively. Of the total 2610 drugs, 2431(93.14%) drugs were actually dispensed. Conclusion: Polypharmacy, percentage of encounters with with injection and percentage of drugs from essential drug list was within acceptable range. The prescribing practice for antibiotics and generic medicines shows significant deviation from WHO. Keywords: Prescription auditing, WHO prescribing indicators,  Dilla University Referral Hospital.

scholarly journals Drug utilization pattern in orthopaedic outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Kerala: a geriatric perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1314
Author(s):  
Sini K. ◽  
Mohammed Basheer ◽  
Shaikh Ubedulla Shaikh Iqbal Daud ◽  
Divya G. Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Essential Drug ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Drug List

Background: Geriatric population due to the age related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and the presence of comorbidities is vulnerable to drug interactions, adverse effects and high cost of therapy. This necessitates a periodic review of DU pattern in the geriatric population to ensure safe and effective treatment for them. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the DU pattern for medical conditions among the geriatric population in the Orthopaedic outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital in Kerala.Methods: In this cross sectional observational study conducted in the Orthopaedics OPD of a tertiary care hospital, prescriptions were collected from patients attending the Orthopaedics OPD randomly over a period of 6 months. Out of these, prescriptions of male and female patients of age more than 60 years were sorted and analysed using World Health Organization drug prescribing indicators as well as additional parameters and the data was presented in the form of frequency and percentages using tables and charts.Results: A total of 800 prescriptions were collected and studied of which 76 (9.5%) belonged to patients from the geriatric population. Majority of the patients were in the age group of 61-70years (52.63%). Spondylosis (42.10%) was the most common indication for patients attending Orthopaedics OPD. Average number of drugs per prescription was 3.05 with a range between 1 and 5. Only 5.17% drugs were prescribed using generic name. Utilization from the essential drug list was 39.65%. The percentage of encounters in which an antibiotic and injection prescribed was 0% and 10.34% respectively. Of the total drugs prescribed 35% were FDCs. The most routinely prescribed drugs among the various classes were NSAIDs 34% followed by gastroprotectives (25%). The assessment of prescriptions with regard to completion and legibility was satisfactory.Conclusions: Current study pointed out deficiencies like polypharmacy, low prescribing of drugs by generic names, low prescribing of drugs from the essential drug list and higher use of FDCs. Use of antibiotics and injections was satisfactory and acceptable. Legibility and completion of prescription format was largely satisfactory. Proper strategies to rectify these deficiencies can ensure safe and effective treatment for geriatric patients.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Prescription Pattern Among The In-Patients Of A Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL2) ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
Raj shivaani M R ◽  
Preetha Selva
Keyword(s):  
General Surgery ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Drug List

Antibiotics happen to be the most commonly used medicines, especially in developing countries like India, where infectious diseases are at a raise. Millions of antibiotics are prescribed by physicians all over India. The main objective of the present study is to analyze the prescription pattern of the antibiotics given to the in-patients of our hospital and to access the rationality of these prescriptions given, using the World Health Organization's core drug prescribing indicators. A total of 400 in- patients from Departments of Pediatrics, General Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynecology and Orthopedics were analyzed after screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria. The numbers of females are 248 (62%) and the males are 152 (38%) in a ratio of 1:1.63. 101 patients belonged to 40-60 years age group.  The pattern of antibiotic usage in the Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Surgery, Orthopedics was studied. The most common antibiotics prescribed were Cefotaxime (44%), Amoxicillin(38%) and  Cefazolin (38%, 24%) in Departments of Pediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynecology,  Surgery and Orthopedics respectively.   The total numbers of drugs prescribed were 1441 out of which 612 were antibiotics (43.09%). The number of antibiotics per prescription was 1.53. The average number of drugs prescribed per prescription was 3.6. The percentage of encounters with injections was 26.48%. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name is 36.2%. The percentage of drugs from the Essential Drug List was 92%. The percentage of fixed-dose combinations of antibiotics prescribed was 14.54%. Hence, in our study, though most of the drugs are given from the Essential List of Medicines, drugs given by a generic name is low. Physicians can be encouraged to prescribe more drugs by generic name. To conclude, antibiotic stewardship interventions have to be implemented to promote the judicious use of antibiotics to prevent adverse consequences.

scholarly journals Analysis of gastrointestinal drugs in patients admitted in CCU and ICCU of a tertiary care hospital in Goa, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Shantadurga S. Kerkar ◽  
Padma N. Bhandare
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Drug List

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are a common problem worldwide. They are frequently encountered in non-critical as well as in critically ill hospitalized patients.Methods: This was a prospective and observational study conducted on patients admitted in CCU and ICCU of Goa Medical College and Hospital. Data was collected from the patients’ case records and was analysed referring to WHO prescribing indicators. Data was represented as Mean±SD, number and frequency.Results: A total of 2250 drugs were prescribed, out of which 376 (16.71%) were gastrointestinal drugs. Most common route of administration was oral 323 (85.90%). Prescription patterns of GI drugs were:  275 (73.14%) from National List of Essential Medicines, 20 (5.31%) as fixed dose combinations and 4 (1.06%) by generic names. Pantoprazole 183 (48.67%) was the most frequently prescribed drug for peptic ulcer in present study.Conclusions: From the findings of this study we noted that among the GI drugs used, those for peptic ulcer were the most commonly prescribed. Also majority were from the essential drug list. But prescribing by generic names was low. Review of drug utilization trends is a necessary aid to formulate and modify existing protocols and guidelines to improve treatment outcomes in a given setting.

scholarly journals Study of drug utilization pattern in emergency medicine ward at a tertiary care teaching hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamatha V. ◽  
Parashivamurthy B. M. ◽  
Suneetha D. K.
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Utilization Pattern ◽  
Essential Drug ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Drug List ◽  
Drug Utilization Studies ◽  
Emergency Medicine Ward

Background: The emergency department represents an important platform for conducting drug utilization studies as patients present with a wide spectrum of diseases in acute form. An irrational prescription adversely affects the prognosis and recovery of patients. Hence, the objective of our study was to evaluate the drug utilization pattern and to determine the rationality of prescription using WHO prescribing indicators in emergency medicine ward.Methods: After obtaining Institutional Ethical Committee approval, a prospective observational study was conducted over 2 months. The case records of 150 patients admitted to the emergency medicine ward, with a hospital stay of more than 24hrs were reviewed to analyze the prescription pattern during the initial 48hrs of admission. Case records of patients irrespective of age, sex and diagnosis were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results (SPSS version 20).Results: A total of 1014 drugs were prescribed from 150 case records with a mean age of 47±18 years. An average of 6.76 drugs was prescribed per prescription; percentage of encounters with at least an antimicrobial was 115 (76.66%). Injections were prescribed in all patients (100%) and only 416 (41.02%) drugs were prescribed by generic name and 657 (64.79%) drugs abided to the WHO essential drug list. Majority of patients received anti-ulcerogenic drugs followed by antimicrobials.Conclusions: There was a tendency of polypharmacy with overuse of PPIs and antimicrobials. There is need to rationalize the drug therapy in terms of increasing prescription of drugs from essential drug list by generic name.

scholarly journals Prescribing pattern of antibiotics and susceptibility of pathogens in upper respiratory tract infections: a study from a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1221
Author(s):  
Sashwath Srikanth ◽  
Satyajit Mohapatra ◽  
P. Tharunya ◽  
R. Jamuna Rani
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Drug List ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Upper respiratory tract infections are mostly caused by viruses and are self-limiting. But it is seen that drug therapy is restored to many of them without adequate justifications. Sometimes multiple drug therapy imposes high cost burden on patients. Use of antibiotics in URTI patients have led to rise in bacterial resistance. So, this study was aimed to analyse the prescription pattern in upper respiratory tract infections and the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated organisms.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital for a period of three months. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria sixty patients were selected. Prescriptions of these patients were collected and analysed for the various WHO prescription indicators like average number of drugs per encounter, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names, percentage of drugs prescribed as injection, drugs form the essential drug list etc. The swabs were collected from the site of infections and were analysed for the bacterial growth. Also, the antibiotic susceptibility of these organisms was tested.Results: A total of sixty prescriptions were collected and analysed. The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.21. Antimicrobials were prescribed in 90% of cases. Approximately 50% cases the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid was prescribed. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names was 87% and 68% drugs were form the essential drug list. The culture report of the specimen collected from the swabs showed that only 50% of cases were of some bacterial origin. And the organisms isolated were less susceptible to the antibiotics that were prescribed.Conclusions: This study of prescribing patterns in patients gives appropriate feedback and awareness among health care providers. Rationale prescribing practice will prevent antibiotic resistance and reduction in the adverse drug reactions. 

scholarly journals Prescribing Practices in the Outpatient Department in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Mohammad Afsan ◽  
Muhammad Mahbubul Alam ◽  
Nushrat Noor ◽  
AH Hamid Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Inappropriate Prescribing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Essential Drug ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Drug List

A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among individuals attending the Out Patient Department (OPD) of Medicine, Paediatrics, Dermatology & Venerology, ENT, Orthopaedics and Gynaecology & Obstetrics from December 2011 to March 2012 in East-West Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, to see the patterns of prescriptions using World Health Organization (WHO) core prescribing indicators and some additional indices. A total of 300 prescriptions were collected and analyzed by the 3rd year MBBS students in this study. The average number of drugs per encounter was 3.22 and 5.33% drugs were prescribed by generic name. Use of antibiotic (48.67% of encounters) was frequent, but injection use (6.67% of encounters) was within the recommendation of WHO. Only 26.09% drugs were prescribed from national essential drug list. Percentage of encounters with a NSAID, an anti-ulcerant, an antihistamine, a calcium preparation and a multivitamin & multimineral prescribed were 44.33%, 43.33%, 22.33%, 19.33% and 15.67% respectively. So, the findings from current study showed a trend towards inappropriate prescribing, particularly the over-prescribing of antibiotics and under-prescribing of generic drugs and also most of the drugs were prescribed out of national essential drug list. Hence, there would be needed for effective intervention program to encourage the physicians and healthcare providers in promoting more appropriate drug use. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v2i2.15483 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2012; 2 (2): 13-17

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