The Difference Scores of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Exited Components in Psychotic Agitation Patients of Haloperidol Injection and those Prescribed with the Injection of Haloperidol and Diazepam

BACKGROUND: The availability of psychotic medications in primary health care in Indonesia is in a limited number. The center of psychiatric health-care provides varied types of medications. However, the quantities are limited, in which the second generation of psychotic drugs is relatively expensive. Common available drug medications are haloperidol and diazepam. AIM: This study aims to investigate the difference scores of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-EC) in psychotic agitation patients of haloperidol prescription and those who have been prescribed with haloperidol and diazepam injections at Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital, Medan North Sumatera, Indonesia. METHODS: This study involved 64 psychotic agitation patients who were divided into two groups. The first group was 32 patients who have been prescribed by 5 mg of haloperidol injections and the second group was 32 patients who have been injected by 5 mg of haloperidol and 10 mg of diazepam. The PANSS-EC score assessment was performed for 1 h due to the side effects of medication consumption. RESULTS: A significant comparison in terms of the decreasing of PANSS-EC scores in psychotic agitation patients who have been injected by the combination of haloperidol and diazepam was confirmed during the assessment of 30 and 60 min (p < 0.001). The extrapyramidal side effects in haloperidol group were found in two subjects, and the reinjections of combination therapy of haloperidol and diazepam were lower than those with one type of drugs medication, which, respectively, were accounted for 56.25% and 84.37%. CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy of haloperidol and diazepam had more accelerating effects in reducing agitation compared to those prescribed by only haloperidol.

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Differences in Total Score of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale between Bataknese and Javanese Men with Schizophrenia Receiving Risperidone Treatment

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.665 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (14) ◽

pp. 2292-2297

Author(s):

Manahap Verarius F. Pardosi ◽

Bahagia Loebis ◽

Muhammad Surya Husada ◽

Nazli M. Nasution ◽

Elmeida Effendy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Difference Score ◽

Social Classes ◽

Average Score ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

The Difference ◽

The Individual ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Negative Syndrome ◽

Risperidone Treatment

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a psychopathological syndrome clinic involving cognition, emotion, perception and other aspects from the individual which interferences. This interference is normally started before age 25, and it can affect all social classes. AIM: To find out the difference in total positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores in schizophrenia between Bataknese and Javanese who have received treatment with risperidone. METHODS: This study is a prospective study. This study used numeric comparative analytic two unpaired groups to observe the differences of PANSS score of the man with schizophrenia between Bataknese and Javanese who had received risperidone treatment. RESULTS: Our study found that the average score of PANSS for Bataknese was 49.76 ± 12.65 and Javanese was 42.43 ± 9.05. CONCLUSION: There was a difference score of PANSS for the man with schizophrenia between Bataknese and Javanese who had received risperidone treatment for 6 weeks (p = 0.037).

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Relationships between pharmacotherapy-induced metabolic changes and improved psychopathology in schizophrenia: data from a mirtazapine and first-generation antipsychotics combination trial

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1017/s146114571200137x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 1661-1666 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Viacheslav Terevnikov ◽

Jan-Henry Stenberg ◽

Jari Tiihonen ◽

Evgeni Chukhin ◽

Marina Joffe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Side Effects ◽

First Generation ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Open Label ◽

Double Blind ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Negative Syndrome

Abstract Clinical efficacy and metabolic side-effects of antipsychotics seem to correlate with each other. In this study, interrelationship of similar metabolic effects of mirtazapine and its earlier reported desirable effects on psychopathology in first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs)-treated schizophrenia were explored. Symptomatic FGAs-treated patients with schizophrenia received a 6-wk double-blind treatment with add-on mirtazapine (n = 20) or placebo (n = 16), followed by a 6-wk open-label mirtazapine treatment. Mirtazapine (but not placebo) induced an increase in body weight and cholesterol levels. The latter was associated with a clinical improvement in all (sub)scales of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS; an increase of cholesterol by 1 mmol/l predicted 7 points reduction on the PANSS total score (r = 0.85, p = 0.001)]. In schizophrenia, mirtazapine-induced weight gain and increase of total cholesterol are associated with the improved efficacy of mirtazapine-FGAs combination – a novel observation with possible clinical and theoretical implications.

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T91. THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYNDROME SCALE SUPERIOR TO A SELF-REPORT QUESTIONNAIRE IN THE PHARMACOTHERAPY MONITORING AND OUTCOME SURVEY

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbaa029.651 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S266-S266

Author(s):

Annegien Bartels-Velthuis ◽

Koen Ties ◽

Ellen Visser ◽

Johan Arends ◽

Marieke Pijnenborg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Mental Health Care ◽

Self Report ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Positive Symptoms ◽

Data Set ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Outcome Monitoring ◽

Negative Syndrome

Abstract Background Aiming to improve the quality of care for patients with a psychotic disorder, the ongoing Pharmacotherapy Monitoring Outcome Survey (PHAMOUS) started in 2006 in four large mental health care organizations in the Northern Netherlands, by adding it to the at that time mandatory Routine Outcome Monitoring program. However, since the cuts in the financial budgets for mental health care, research nurses are increasingly experiencing time-pressure in the assessments. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), part of the assessment, is a time-consuming interview, taking approximately 30 minutes. Therefore, we developed and validated a short self-report questionnaire assessing positive psychotic symptoms, the Brief Positive Symptoms Questionnaire (BPSQ). Methods The BPSQ was added to PHAMOUS and filled in once by patients in four mental health care institutions in 2017 and 2018. The BPSQ consists of nine items and takes about 2–3 minutes to complete. It was validated against the PANSS positive scale and two items of the Health of the Nations Outcome Scale (HoNOS), with item 6 assessing the problems that patients experience due to hallucinations and delusions and item 8 assessing further mental and behavioural problems. Results BPSQ data were obtained from n=287 patients (mean age 47.1 years, 67.6% male). The PANSS was assessed in n=244 and HoNOS data were available for n=156 patients. Scores of one patient were considered unreliable and thus removed from the data set. The BPSQ had a Cronbach’s alpha of .81. Spearman’s correlation coefficient of the BPSQ and the PANSS positive scale was significant (ρ(243) = .63, p < .05). Correlations between the BPSQ and HoNOS items 6 and 8 were significant (ρ(155) = .488, p < .05 and ρ(155) = .251, p < .05 respectively). Post hoc analysis showed that the more severely psychotic the patients were, the less the BPSQ and the PANSS positive scale were corresponding. Discussion Given the medium correlation of the BPSQ with the PANSS positive scale and the low concurrent validity with the two relevant HoNOS items, we argue that the widely used and validated PANSS is indispensable in the PHAMOUS assessment of positive symptoms in a chronic population with psychotic disorders. Replication of this study in first-episode psychotic patients is recommended.

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The polymorphic variants DRD2 rs1800497 and ABCB1 3435C>T are associated with antipsychotic safety parameters in adolescents with an acute psychotic episode: the results of a pilot study

Neurology neuropsychiatry Psychosomatics ◽

10.14412/2074-2711-2020-5-24-31 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 24-31

Author(s):

D. V. Ivashchenko ◽

S. Z. Khoang ◽

M. Kh. Tazagulova ◽

B. V. Makhmudova ◽

N. I. Buromskaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Subscale Score ◽

Psychotic Episode ◽

Global Assessment Scale ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Safety Parameters ◽

Polymorphic Variants ◽

Negative Syndrome

Children and adolescents are more likely than adults to experience adverse side effects when taking antipsychotics. Pharmacogenetic testing allows one to more accurately choose the initial dose of a drug. The genes of pharmacokinetic factors have been shown to be of high prognostic value for the safety of antipsychotics in adults.Patients and methods. The study enrolled 36 adolescents (58.3% male) (mean age, 14.83±1.84 years). All the patients took an antipsychotic. The follow-up lasted 28 days. On 14 and 28 days of treatment, its efficiency and safety were evaluated using the Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersњgelser Side Effects Rating Scale (UKU-SERS), the Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS), and the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS). The patients were genotyped for CYP3A4*22, CYP3A5*3, CYP2D6*4, *9, *10, ABCB1 1236C>T, 2677G>T/A, 3435C>T, DRD2 rs1800497, DRD4 rs1800955, and HTR2A rs6313.Results and discussion. The decrease in the mean score of the PANSS subscale “Productive symptoms” was more pronounced in carriers of the DRD2 rs1800497 polymorphic variant (-6.5 [-10.25; -3.75] vs -3 [-6.5; -2 ] on 14 day (p=0.028) and (-11 [-13; -9.5] vs -5 [-9; -3.5] on 28 day (p=0.001) compared to baseline. The carriage of ABCB1 3435CT+TT was associated with worse tolerance to pharmacotherapy on 14 day (the total score of the UKU-SERS M, 8 [3; 11.75] vs M, 2 [1; 6]; p=0.034). The carriers of DRD2 rs1800497 reported a greater severity of antipsychotic-induced neurological disorders (UKU-SERS subscale score M, 1 [0; 2.25] vs M 0 [0; 1]; p=0.029).Conclusion. The polymorphic variants DRD2 rs1800497 and ABCB1 3435C>T were established to be significantly associated with the efficacy and safety of antipsychotics in adolescents with an acute psychotic episode.

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CONTROL OF HYPERTENSION

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2010.17.03.2533 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (03) ◽

pp. 425-430

Author(s):

GHULAM RASOOL BHURGRI ◽

HUSSAIN BUX KOREJO ◽

MUHAMMAD ALI QURESHI ◽

Raj Kumar ◽

Nasrullah Aamir

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Side Effects ◽

Combination Therapy ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Combined Therapy ◽

Group A ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B ◽

Age Range

Objective: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of Losartan and Atenolol in alone and combination in treatment of hypertension. Study Design: Comparative study. Setting: Medical out patients department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi from January 2007 to June 2007. Methods: There were 60 patients previously untreated with mild and moderate essential hypertensions were registered for study. The selected patients were divided into three groups. Group A was given atenolol, Group B was given Losartan, and Group C was given both drugs. The target blood pressure was 120-140/80-90 mmHg. There were 42 males and 18 females with age range 25-65 years. Results: The mean baseline score of groups A, B and C were showed systolic blood pressure 182±19, 174 ± 20 and 168 ± 12 respectively. The diastolic blood pressure was 104.5±11, 102.5±9 and 104.5±10 respectively. The difference in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was not significant statistically as P = 0.06 and 0.76 respectively. After 4 months of treatment with atenolol, systolic blood pressure decreased to 147±17, and diastolic blood pressure fell to 87±4. Losartan decreased systolic blood pressure 138±13 and diastolic blood pressure 87±4 in 4 months of treatment. The combined therapy decreased systolic blood pressure 115±4.6 and diastolic blood pressure 75±4.7. The effect of treatments on systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly different as (p < 0.001) and ( p = 0.036) respectively. Side effects observed in 2 (10%) patients from group C, 8 (40%) in group A and 4 (20%) in group B. Combination therapy proved more effective in controlling hypertension than mono therapy and also fewer side effects. Patients showed better control on combination therapy as compared to mono therapy. Losartan proved a little better in controlling hypertension then atenolol and was more expensive. Conclusion: Patients showed better results with combination therapy for hypertension compared to individual drug.

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Adjunctive use of anti-inflammatory drugs for schizophrenia: A meta-analytic investigation of randomized controlled trials

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0004867419835028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (8) ◽

pp. 742-759 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Myeongju Cho ◽

Tae Young Lee ◽

Yoo Bin Kwak ◽

Youngwoo Brian Yoon ◽

Minah Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Double Blind ◽

Receptor Modulator ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

General Functioning ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Negative Syndrome

Objective:Recent evidence suggests that adjuvant anti-inflammatory agents could improve the symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. However, the effects of the adjuvant anti-inflammatory agents on cognitive function, general functioning and side effects have not yet been systematically investigated. The present meta-analysis aimed to explore the effects of anti-inflammatory agents in patients with schizophrenia comprehensively.Method:We performed a literature search in online databases, including PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind studies that investigated clinical outcomes including psychopathology, neurocognition, general functioning and extrapyramidal side effects were included. The examined anti-inflammatory agents included aspirin, celecoxib, omega-3 fatty acids, estrogen, selective estrogen receptor modulator, pregnenolone, N-acetylcysteine, minocycline, davunetide and erythropoietin.Results:Sixty-two double-blind randomized clinical trials studying 2914 patients with schizophrenia met the inclusion criteria for quantitative analysis. Significant overall effects were found for anti-inflammatory agents for reducing total, positive and negative symptom scores in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Cognitive improvements were significant with minocycline and pregnenolone augmentation therapy. General functioning was significantly enhanced by overall anti-inflammatory agents. There were no significant differences in side effects compared with placebo. Baseline total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score and illness duration were identified as moderating factors in the effects of anti-inflammatory augmentation on psychiatric symptom improvements.Conclusion:The comparative evaluation of efficacy and safety supported the use of anti-inflammatory adjuvant therapy over the use of antipsychotics alone. However, future studies could focus on patients with homogeneous clinical profile to figure out more detailed effects of anti-inflammatory therapy.

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Dose reduction of risperidone and olanzapine can improve cognitive function and negative symptoms in stable schizophrenic patients: A single-blinded, 52-week, randomized controlled study

Journal of Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1177/0269881118756062 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 524-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yanling Zhou ◽

Guannan Li ◽

Dan Li ◽

Hongmei Cui ◽

Yuping Ning

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Dose Reduction ◽

Negative Symptom ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Symptom Assessment ◽

Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Negative Syndrome

Background: The long-term effects of dose reduction of atypical antipsychotics on cognitive function and symptomatology in stable patients with schizophrenia remain unclear. We sought to determine the change in cognitive function and symptomatology after reducing risperidone or olanzapine dosage in stable schizophrenic patients. Methods: Seventy-five stabilized schizophrenic patients prescribed risperidone (≥4 mg/day) or olanzapine (≥10 mg/day) were randomly divided into a dose-reduction group ( n=37) and a maintenance group ( n=38). For the dose-reduction group, the dose of antipsychotics was reduced by 50%; for the maintenance group, the dose remained unchanged throughout the whole study. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Negative Symptom Assessment-16, Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects, and Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery were measured at baseline, 12, 28, and 52 weeks. Linear mixed models were performed to compare the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Negative Symptom Assessment-16, Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery scores between groups. Results: The linear mixed model showed significant time by group interactions on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative symptoms, Negative Symptom Assessment-16, Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects, speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory and total score of MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (all p<0.05). Post hoc analyses showed significant improvement in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative subscale, Negative Symptom Assessment-16, Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects, speed of processing, working memory and total score of MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery for the dose reduction group compared with those for the maintenance group (all p<0.05). Conclusions: This study indicated that a risperidone or olanzapine dose reduction of 50% may not lead to more severe symptomatology but can improve speed of processing, working memory and negative symptoms in patients with stabilized schizophrenia.

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The Difference in Negative Scale Score Measured with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale in Schizophrenic Male Patient Treated with Risperidone in Addition to Vitamin E and Treated with Risperidone Alone at Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital Medan

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.6341 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (T3) ◽

pp. 104-107

Author(s):

Risni Nanda ◽

Elmeida Effendy ◽

Mustafa Mahmud Amin

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Scale Score ◽

Mental Hospital ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

Male Patients ◽

The Difference ◽

Negative Syndrome ◽

Risperidone Treatment

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to investigate the difference in negative scale score in schizophrenic male patients that received vitamin E-fortified risperidone and those receiving risperidone treatments alone. METHODS: This study was a pre- and post-test experimental design which compared two groups; a group of men with schizophrenia who were given risperidone treatment with added Vitamin E and another group of men with schizophrenia who were given only risperidone treatment. The study was conducted at the outpatient clinic of Prof.dr. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital Medan, North Sumatra within August to November 2019. The study has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, North Sumatera University. The instrument used to assess negative scale on the subjects is PANSS. RESULTS: We found that statistical analysis using corrected Mann–Whitney U-test obtained p < 0.001 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was a strongly significant difference in negative scale Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores on 4th and 8th weeks in the group which received risperidone treatment with additional Vitamin E compared to the other group that received risperidone alone.

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Aripiprazole for Patients with Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder: An Open-Label, Randomized, Study Versus Haloperidol

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852900000249 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 93-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Irismar Reis de Oliveira ◽

Hélio Elkis ◽

Wagner Farid Gattaz ◽

Ana Cristina Chaves ◽

Eduardo Pondé de Sena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Schizoaffective Disorder ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Partial Agonist ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Open Label ◽

Anticholinergic Medications ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Negative Syndrome ◽

Haloperidol Group

Introduction: Aripiprazole, a dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist, has also partial agonist activity at serotonin (5-HT)1A receptors and antagonist activity at 5-HT2A receptors.Methods: In this 8-week, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, open-label, flexible-dose study, patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomized to aripiprazole 15–30 mg/day or haloperidol 10–15 mg/day.Results: Patients treated with both aripiprazole and haloperidol improved from baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total, positive, and negative scores as well as in Clinical Global Impressions scores (all P<.001). At the end of the study, the percentage of patients classified as responders—according to ≥40% reduction in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative subscale score—was significantly higher in the aripiprazole group (20%) than in the haloperidol group (0%) (P<.05). Additionally, a higher number of patients receiving haloperidol required more anticholinergic medications (P<.001) than aripiprazole-treated patients, whereas more aripiprazole (45.5%) than haloperidol-treated patients (12.9%) required benzodiazepines (P=.002). At endpoint, rates of preference of medication were higher in the aripiprazole group (63.2%) than in the haloperidol group (21.7%), as expressed by patients and caregivers (P=.001).Conclusion: Aripiprazole and haloperidol had similar efficacy in terms of reduction of overall psychopathology. Although aripiprazole has been demonstrated to be superior concerning negative symptoms and in terms of tolerability (extrapyramidal symptoms) and preferred by patients and caregivers than haloperidol, significantly more aripiprazole-treated patients required benzodiazepines.

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Shorter Chain Triglycerides Are Negatively Associated with Symptom Improvement in Schizophrenia

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11050720 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 720

Author(s):

Anna Tkachev ◽

Elena Stekolshchikova ◽

Nickolay Anikanov ◽

Svetlana Zozulya ◽

Aleksandra Barkhatova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Plasma ◽

Plasma Lipids ◽

Poor Response ◽

Individual Treatment ◽

Symptom Improvement ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Treatment Responses ◽

The Difference ◽

Multiple Drugs ◽

Negative Syndrome

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder requiring lifelong treatment. While medications are available that are effective in treating some patients, individual treatment responses can vary, with some patients exhibiting resistance to one or multiple drugs. Currently, little is known about the causes of the difference in treatment response observed among individuals with schizophrenia, and satisfactory markers of poor response are not available for clinical practice. Here, we studied the changes in the levels of 322 blood plasma lipids between two time points assessed in 92 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia during their inpatient treatment and their association with the extent of symptom improvement. We found 20 triglyceride species increased in individuals with the least improvement in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores, but not in those with the largest reduction in PANSS scores. These triglyceride species were distinct from the rest of the triglyceride species present in blood plasma. They contained a relatively low number of carbons in their fatty acid residues and were relatively low in abundance compared to the principal triglyceride species of blood plasma.

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