Knowledge and Experience of Community Health Volunteer (Cadre) on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management in Yogyakarta

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that requires long-term and comprehensive management. People with T2DM play a significant role in managing their condition and day-to-day life adjustment related to T2DM. In the Indonesian context, community health volunteers (cadres) roles are imperative because the community can influence day-to-day health care. AIM: The study aimed to describe the knowledge and experience of cadre on T2DM management in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. METHODS: It was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. Five primary health-care center (Puskesmas) areas in Bantul district were selected based on their high population, including Kasihan 2, Jetis 1, Sedayu 1, Jetis 2, and Imogiri 2 areas. Sixty-eight cadres from those five areas were enrolled in this study through accidental sampling. The data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The results showed that the average age of cadres was 43 years old (20–64 years), with more than half of them graduating from high school, unemployed (61.8%), and never received education about DM and its management (51.5%). Forty-two cadres (61.8%) had a moderate level of knowledge, and 64.7% had inadequate experience in T2DM management. CONCLUSION: Knowledge and experience of cadre regarding T2DM management in Yogyakarta need to be increased. Further research is needed to examine certain training programs’ effects to improve cadre’s knowledge and experience in T2DM.

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Identification of Drug-Related Problems in Hypertension Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Primary Health Care Center Batununggal District Bandung

Borneo Journal of Pharmacy ◽

10.33084/bjop.v4i3.1971 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 219-225

Author(s):

Vina Septiani ◽

Pudjiastuti Kartidjo ◽

Alfi Nurul Islamiyah ◽

Abdul Aziz MSW ◽

Iis Rukmawati

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Health Care ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Care Center ◽

Drug Related Problems ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Health Care Center ◽

Primary Health

Many factors can increase the risk of hypertension, one of which is diabetes mellitus. The study aims to provide an overview of Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) in patients with hypertension comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus at Primary Health Care Center Batununggal District Bandung. This research was an observational study with retrospective data collection and descriptive analysis. Data were taken from patient prescriptions January-December 2019 period. The sample inclusion criteria are patients aged 30-75 years, patients diagnosed with hypertension comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus, and patients treated in January-December 2019. The number of samples that met the inclusion criteria was 268 patients, of which 69 patients (25.75%) are male, and 199 patients (74.25%) are female. 164 patients (61.2%) are aged 60-75 years old. It is found that 1 case (0.37%) has the drug-related problem of drug overdose and as many as 34 cases (12.69%) have potential drug interactions.

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Fasting in Ramadan is safe for Individuals Suffering from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry ◽

10.36283/pjmd9-3/006 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fatima Jehangir

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Care Center ◽

P Value ◽

Risk Category ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Ramadan Fasting ◽

Health Care Center

Background: Whether diabetics should fast or not in Ramadan has been a controversial idea since long and the answer even more debatable. It confers safety measures to be known by the diabetics thoroughly, such as when to break the fast and what the hypoglycemic cut offs are. We aimed to determine hypoglycemic events and safety of Ramadan fasting among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Methods: This was an observational study enrolling diabetics who decided to fast in Ramadan, were aged >18 years, visited the primary health care center in Sikanderabad and Clifton clinic and gave consent to participate in the study. The exclusion criteria was Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational diabetes, drug induced Diabetes and Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young. A total of 103 participants were included in the study. Data was captured pre-Ramadan, during Ramadan and post-Ramadan in the year 2019. Multivariate Logistic regression was computed and chi-square taken for association of risk factors with hypoglycemia. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean HbA1c before Ramadan was 9.2%+2.1 and after Ramadan 7.7%+1.4 (P-value<0.05) showing a reduction of 1.5%. Mean weight of the patients before Ramadan was 68.3kg+1.6 and during Ramadan 64.8kg+1.4(p-value <0.00) showing a dip of 3.5 kg however mean weight 1 month after Ramadan was 66.5kg+14.9 depicting a rise again of 1.8kgs. Higher the risk category of American Heart Association, those who had hypoglycemic events before Ramadan and those on basal-bolus combination insulin had more hypoglycemic events (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Fasting in Ramadan shows a major reduction in weight (3.5kg) as well as corrects hyperglycemia (1.5%). However, hypoglycemia was attributed to high risk patients only hence Ramadan fasting proved to be quite safe in individuals with Type 2 DM.

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Glycemic Control and Its Factor in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Jakarta

Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy ◽

10.15416/ijcp.2020.9.3.198 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 198

Author(s):

Maifitrianti Maifitrianti ◽

Nora Wulandari ◽

Muthoh Haro ◽

Sifah F. Lestari ◽

Anisa Fitriani

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Health Care ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Hba1c Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Health ◽

Diabetes Melitus

Poor glycemic control is a primary risk factor for the progression of complications. This study aimed to determine the status of glycemic control and associated factors among type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients at primary health care of Cakung District, Kebon Jeruk District and Rawa Bunga Village, Jakarta. This study was conducted from July to August 2019, and adopted a cross-sectional design. The respondents' data included sex, age, occupation, education, long suffered with diabetes, diagnosed chronic disease, antidiabetic and other regular drugs were obtained through a questionnaire. Measurement of glycated haemoglobin A1c level was carried out in a standardized laboratory in Jakarta. A total of 126 respondents met the inclusions and exclusion criteria, of which 70.6% were female. The mean age of patients was 61.46±9.086 years (35–85 years). HbA1c level was measured, and the results showed that 45.2% of respondents had good glycemic control (<7% of HbA1c level), while 54.8% had poor control (≥7% of HbA1c level). On the bivariate analysis, the number of antidiabetics was significantly associated with glycemic control (p<0.05). The poor glycemic control was significantly higher in patients with polytherapy (72.6%) antidiabetic compared to single antidiabetic (37.5%) (p=0.01). These findings highlighted the need for proper management of patients with polytherapy, in order to prevent the complication of type 2 DM.Keywords: Glycemic control, Jakarta, primary health care, type 2 diabetes mellitus Kontrol Gikemik dan Faktor yang Berhubungan pada Pasien dengan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di JakartaAbstrakKontrol glikemik yang buruk merupakan faktor risiko utama terjadinya komplikasi pada pasien diabetes melitus (DM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontrol glikemik dan faktor yang berhubungan pada pasien DM tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kecamatan Cakung, Kecamatan Kebon Jeruk dan Kelurahan Rawa Bunga, Jakarta. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli–Agustus 2019. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional. Data responden antara lain jenis kelamin, umur, pekerjaan, pendidikan, lama menderita penyakit DM, penyakit kronis lain yang diderita, obat DM dan obat rutin lain yang digunakan didapatkan melalui instrumen kuisioner. Pengukuran kadar HbA1c dilakukan di laboratorium yang terstandarisasi di Jakarta. Sebanyak 126 responden memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi terlibat dalam penelitian ini, dan sebanyak 70,6% adalah berjenis kelamin perempuan. Usia rata-rata pasien adalah 61,46±9,086 tahun (35–85 tahun). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 45,2% responden memiliki kontrol glikemik yang baik (<7 level HbA1c), sedangkan 54,8% responden memiliki kontrol glikemik yang buruk (≥7 level HbA1c). Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan bahwa jumlah antidiabetes yang digunakan berhubungan dengan kontrol glikemik. Kontrol glikemik yang buruk secara signifikan lebih tinggi ditemukan pada pasien dengan politerapi (72,6%) dibandingkan pada pasien dengan terapi tunggal antidiabetes (37,5%) (p=0,01). Temuan ini menyoroti perlunya manajemen yang tepat pada pasien dengan politerapi untuk mencegah komplikasi DM tipe 2.Kata kunci: Diabetes melitus tipe 2, Jakarta, kontrol glikemik, puskesmas

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Relationship between hematological parameters and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.2478/jomb-2018-0021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 164-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dragana Milosevic ◽

Violeta Lukic Panin

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Care Center ◽

Health Care Center ◽

Study Results

Summary Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) with its micro- and macrocomplications is the leading global epidemic of the 21st century. The aim of the research is to determine possible changes in the complete blood count (CBC) parameters depending on glycemic controlin patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The study included a total of 178 patients with T2DM, both gender over the age of 40 years, from the Health Care Center »Dr Milorad Mika Pavlović« Indjija, Serbia. To notice the possible correlation between the CBC parameters and glucose control in T2DM, the subjects were divided in two groups with HbA1c ≤ 7% and with HbA1c>7%. We analysed CBC parameters, parameters of glycoregulation, lipid status using standard biochemical methods, performed anthropometric measurements and collected patients data by questionnaire and electronic patient card. Results There was statistical difference between HbA1c groups for PMDW (p=0.045), HDL (p=0.0067). Using univariate linear regression it is shown that PCT was correlated with WBC (p=0.0005), neutrophils (p=0.046), monocytes (p=0.003); MPM was associated with MPV (p=0.0005); MPC (p=0.0005), PDW (P=0.0005), GLU0 (p=0.034), HDL-C (p=0.005); PMDW was correlated with HbA1c% (p=0.049), GLU0 (p=0.013), HDL-C (p=0.001), BW (p=0.043) in all patients. Conclusions Based on our study results it may be concluded that some of the parameters of CBC could be useful tool in following glycemic control of diabetics.

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Knowledge, Awareness and Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy among Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Their First Visit to Eye Department in a Tertiary Health Care Centre - A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2020/368 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (34) ◽

pp. 1770-1775

Author(s):

Jasmita Satapathy ◽

Anita Minj ◽

Keya Chakrabarti ◽

Priya Gupta

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Health Care ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Centre ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Health Care Centre ◽

Cross Sectional

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Factors Associated with Long-Term Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2016/2109542 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Mohammed Badedi ◽

Yahiya Solan ◽

Hussain Darraj ◽

Abdullah Sabai ◽

Mohamed Mahfouz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Care Center ◽

Poor Glycemic Control ◽

Health Care Center ◽

Factors Associated

Aims.This study assessed factors associated with glycemic control among Saudi patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods.We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study, which included a random sample of 288 patients with T2DM proportional to the diabetes population of each primary health care center in Jazan city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Results.More than two-thirds (74%) of patients had poor glycemic control. Lack of education, polypharmacy, and duration of diabetes ≥ 7 years were significantly associated with higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Moreover, patients who were smoker or divorced were significantly more likely to have higher HbA1c. The patients who did not comply with diet or take their medications as prescribed had poor glycemic control. The study found lower HbA1c levels among patients who received family support or had close relationship with their physicians. Similarly, knowledgeable patients towards diabetes or those with greater confidence in ability to manage self-care behaviors had a lower HbA1c. In contrast, risk factors such as depression or stress were significantly correlated with poorer glycemic control.Conclusion.The majority of T2DM patients had poor glycemic control. The study identified several factors associated with glycemic control. Effective and tailored interventions are needed to mitigate exposure to these risk factors. This would improve glycemic control and reduce the risks inherent to diabetes complications.

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