scholarly journals Expression of Cytokeratin 6 and 16 in Middle Ear Cholesteatoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 1323-1328
Author(s):  
Jacky Munilson ◽  
Yan Edward ◽  
Lorensia Fitra Dwita ◽  
Hirowati Ali
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Intermediate Filament Protein ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Ear Cholesteatoma ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Filament Protein

BACKGROUND: Cholesteatoma is hyperproliferative because of the response of direct biomechanical trauma, and inflammation processes then lead to temporal bone destruction with some clinical manifestations of complications. The hyperproliferation mechanism occurred because of the activation of intermediate filament protein type I and type II known as cytokeratin (CK). AIM: This study aimed to examine the expression CK 6 and CK 16 in cholesteatoma. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional comparative study. Cholesteatoma specimens obtained from 15 patients who underwent surgery were considered as the case, and 15 normal retro-auricular skins were considered as the control. All samples were examined for expression through immunohistochemistry and scored using the immunoreactivity score. Data were analyzed using SPSS via χ2 test, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The expression of CK 6 was high in cholesteatoma (33.3%) and low in retro-auricular skin. The expression of CK 16 was high in all samples of cholesteatoma and mostly high in the retro-auricular skin; both expressions were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The expression of CK 6 and CK 16 in cholesteatoma was higher than in normal retro-auricular skin.

scholarly journals A nontetrameric species is the major soluble form of keratin in Xenopus oocytes and rabbit reticulocyte lysates.

1996 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Bachant ◽  
M W Klymkowsky
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Intermediate Filament ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Intermediate Filament Protein ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
Reticulocyte Lysates ◽  
Filament Protein

Inside the interphase cell, approximately 5% of the total intermediate filament protein exists in a soluble form. Past studies using velocity gradient sedimentation (VGS) indicate that soluble intermediate filament protein exists as an approximately 7 S tetrameric species. While studying intermediate filament assembly dynamics in the Xenopus oocyte, we used both VGS and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) to analyze the soluble form of keratin. Previous studies (Coulombe, P. A., and E. Fuchs. 1990. J. Cell Biol. 111:153) report that tetrameric keratins migrate on SEC with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 150,000; the major soluble form of keratin in the oocyte, in contrast, migrates with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 750,000. During oocyte maturation, the keratin system disassembles into a soluble form (Klymkowsky, M. W., L. A. Maynell, and C. Nislow. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 114:787) and the amount of the 750-kD keratin complex increases dramatically. Immunoprecipitation analysis of soluble keratin from matured oocytes revealed the presence of type I and type II keratins, but no other stoichiometrically associated polypeptides, suggesting that the 750-kD keratin complex is composed solely of keratin. To further study the formation of the 750-kD keratin complex, we used rabbit reticulocyte lysates (RRL). The 750-kD keratin complex was formed in RRLs contranslating type I and type II Xenopus keratins, but not when lysates translated type I or type II keratin RNAs alone. The 750-kD keratin complex could be formed posttranslationally in an ATP-independent manner when type I and type II keratin translation reactions were mixed. Under conditions of prolonged incubation, such as occur during VGS analysis, the 750-kD keratin complex disassembled into a 7 S (by VGS), 150-kD (by SEC) form. In urea denaturation studies, the 7 S/150-kD form could be further disassembled into an 80-kD species that consists of cofractionating dimeric and monomeric keratin. Based on these results, the 750-kD species appears to be a supratetrameric complex of keratins and is the major, soluble form of keratin in both prophase and M-phase oocytes, and RRL reactions.

Rostrocaudal pattern of fiber-type changes in an overloaded rat ankle extensor

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 558-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Gardiner ◽  
B. J. Jasmin ◽  
P. Corriveau
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertrophic Response ◽  
Type I Fibers

Our aim was to quantify the overload-induced hypertrophy and conversion of fiber types (type II to I) occurring in the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle (MG). Overload of MG was induced by a bilateral tenotomy/retraction of synergists, followed by 12–18 wk of regular treadmill locomotion (2 h of walking/running per day on 3 of 4 days). We counted all type I fibers and determined type I and II mean fiber areas in eight equidistant sections taken along the length of control and overloaded MG. Increase in muscle weights (31%), as well as in total muscle cross-sectional areas (37%) and fiber areas (type I, 57%; type II, 34%), attested to a significant hypertrophic response in overloaded MG. An increase in type I fiber composition of MG from 7.0 to 11.5% occurred as a result of overload, with the greatest and only statistically significant changes (approximately 70–100%) being found in sections taken from the most rostral 45% of the muscle length. Results of analysis of sections taken from the largest muscle girth showed that it significantly underestimated the extent of fiber conversion that occurred throughout the muscle as a whole. These data obtained on the MG, which possesses a compartmentalization of fiber types, support the notion that all fiber types respond to this model with a similar degree of hypertrophy. Also, they emphasize the complex nature of the adaptive changes that occur in these types of muscles as a result of overload.

Responses of Medullary Dorsal Horn Neurons to Corneal Stimulation by CO2 Pulses in the Rat

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 2092-2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harumitsu Hirata ◽  
James W. Hu ◽  
David A. Bereiter
Keyword(s):  
Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

Corneal-responsive neurons were recorded extracellularly in two regions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, subnucleus interpolaris/caudalis (Vi/Vc) and subnucleus caudalis/upper cervical cord (Vc/C1) transition regions, from methohexital-anesthetized male rats. Thirty-nine Vi/Vc and 26 Vc/C1 neurons that responded to mechanical and electrical stimulation of the cornea were examined for convergent cutaneous receptive fields, responses to natural stimulation of the corneal surface by CO2 pulses (0, 30, 60, 80, and 95%), effects of morphine, and projections to the contralateral thalamus. Forty-six percent of mechanically sensitive Vi/Vc neurons and 58% of Vc/C1 neurons were excited by CO2 stimulation. The evoked activity of most cells occurred at 60% CO2 after a delay of 7–22 s. At the Vi/Vc transition three response patterns were seen. Type I cells ( n = 11) displayed an increase in activity with increasing CO2 concentration. Type II cells ( n = 7) displayed a biphasic response, an initial inhibition followed by excitation in which the magnitude of the excitatory phase was dependent on CO2 concentration. A third category of Vi/Vc cells (type III, n = 3) responded to CO2 pulses only after morphine administration (>1.0 mg/kg). At the Vc/C1 transition, all CO2-responsive cells ( n = 15) displayed an increase in firing rates with greater CO2 concentration, similar to the pattern of type I Vi/Vc cells. Comparisons of the effects of CO2 pulses on Vi/Vc type I units, Vi/Vc type II units, and Vc/C1 corneal units revealed no significant differences in threshold intensity, stimulus encoding, or latency to sustained firing. Morphine (0.5–3.5 mg/kg iv) enhanced the CO2-evoked activity of 50% of Vi/Vc neurons tested, whereas all Vc/C1 cells were inhibited in a dose-dependent, naloxone-reversible manner. Stimulation of the contralateral posterior thalamic nucleus antidromically activated 37% of Vc/C1 corneal units; however, no effective sites were found within the ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus or nucleus submedius. None of the Vi/Vc corneal units tested were antidromically activated from sites within these thalamic regions. Corneal-responsive neurons in the Vi/Vc and Vc/C1 regions likely serve different functions in ocular nociception, a conclusion reflected more by the difference in sensitivity to analgesic drugs and efferent projection targets than by the CO2 stimulus intensity encoding functions. Collectively, the properties of Vc/C1 corneal neurons were consistent with a role in the sensory-discriminative aspects of ocular pain due to chemical irritation. The unique and heterogeneous properties of Vi/Vc corneal neurons suggested involvement in more specialized ocular functions such as reflex control of tear formation or eye blinks or recruitment of antinociceptive control pathways.

scholarly journals Quality of life of  children with spinal muscular atrophy  and their caregivers  from the perspective of caregivers :  a Chinese cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Yao ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
Ruiying Qian ◽  
Yu Xia ◽  
Changzheng Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Quality Of Life Inventory ◽  
Life Inventory

Abstract Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal-recessive motor neuron disease leading to dysfunction of multiple organs. SMA can impair the quality of life (QoL) of patients and family. We aimed to evaluate the QoL of children with SMA and their caregivers and to identify the factors associated with QoL in a cross-sectional study conducted in China.Methods: We recruited 101 children aged 0-17 years with SMA and their caregivers from a children’s hospital in China. Twenty-six children had type I SMA, 56 type II and 19 type III. Each child’s QoL was measured by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 3.0 Neuromuscular Module (PedsQL NMM), which was completed by the child’s caregivers. The caregiver’s QoL was measured by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Family Impact Module (PedsQL FIM). Information on sociodemographic characteristics, disease-specific characteristics, and treatments were collected using the proxy-reported questionnaire. Two-sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA were used to compare differences in average scores of QoL across subgroups.Results: Children with type III SMA had a higher average Total score of PedsQL NMM and higher average scores in domains Neuromuscular disease and Family resources than children with type I or type II SMA (p < 0.001). Caregivers of children with type III SMA reported higher average scores in the domains of Physical, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive functioning of the PedsQL FIM than those of children with types I or II SMA (p < 0.05). In addition, disease-related characteristics (e.g. limited mobility, stable course of disease, skeleton deformity, and digestive system dysfunction) and respiratory support were associated with lower average scores of PedsQL NMM and PedsQL FIM (p < 0.05). Exercise training, multidisciplinary team management and use of the medication Nusinersen were each associated with higher average scores in both PedsQL NMM and FIM (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study has demonstrated factors that may impair or improve QoL of children patients with SMA and their parents. Particularly, QoL was relatively poor in children with type I and type II SMA as well as in their caregivers compared to those with type III SMA. We strongly recommend that standard of care in a multidisciplinary team (MDT) be strengthened to improve the QoL of SMA patients. Our study called for increased attention from clinical physicians on measuring QoL in their clinical practices in order to enhance the understanding of impacts of SMA and to make better decisions regarding treatment.

scholarly journals Number of fiber bundles in the fetal anterior talofibular ligament

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutsuaki Edama ◽  
Tomoya Takabayashi ◽  
Hirotake Yokota ◽  
Ryo Hirabayashi ◽  
Chie Sekine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Bundle ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Anterior Talofibular Ligament ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Inversion

Abstract Background For the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), a three-fiber bundle has recently been suggested to be weaker than a single or double fiber bundle in terms of ankle plantarflexion and inversion braking function. However, the studies leading to those results all used elderly specimens. Whether the difference in fiber bundles is a congenital or an acquired morphology is important when considering methods to prevent ATFL damage. The purpose of this study was to classify the number of fiber bundles in the ATFL of fetuses. Methods This study was conducted using 30 legs from 15 Japanese fetuses (mean weight, 1764.6 ± 616.9 g; mean crown-rump length, 283.5 ± 38.7 mm; 8 males, 7 females). The ATFL was then classified by the number of fiber bundles: Type I, one fiber bundle; Type II, two fiber bundles; and Type III, three fiber bundles. Results Ligament type was Type I in 5 legs (16.7%), Type II in 21 legs (70%), and Type III in 4 legs (13.3%). Conclusions The present results suggest that the three fiber bundles of the structure of the ATFL may be an innate structure.

Frequency of Incus Bone Erosion on Mastoid Exploration in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Middle Ear Cholesteotoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1426-1428
Author(s):  
W. Javaid ◽  
A. Rashid ◽  
M. U. K. Amin ◽  
T. Khan ◽  
M. Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Cholesteatoma ◽  
Sample Technique ◽  
Operative Findings

Background: Cholesteotoma is a benign but destructive lesion leading to ossicular necrosis. Objective: To see the frequency of incus bone erosion on mastoid exploration in chronic suppurative otitis media with middle ear cholesteotoma. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting: This study was carried out in the Department of ENT Unit-2, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Duration of Study: Fifteen months months (10th April, 2019 to 9th July, 2020) Sample technique: Non- probability purposive sampling Methods: One hundred and twenty patients were admitted through outpatient department of ENT Unit-2, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore. Patients were included after fulfilling the inclusion criteria and information was collected on a prescribed proforma. Finally during surgery under general anesthesia, the operative findings were noted to know the incus bone erosion after middle ear cholesteatoma formation in chronic suppurative otitis media. Results: A total number of one hundred and twenty patients of chronic suppurative otitis media with middle ear cholesteatoma were included. Out of which 80 (66.7%) were males and 40 (33.3%) were females(Table 1).The patients shown in table 2 were divided in six age groups (Table 2).Table 3 shows that the procedure of mastoidectomy was performed in 112 patients (93.3%) and modified radial mastoidectomy was performed in 8 patients (6.7%).Incus bone erosion in chronic suppurative otitis media with middle ear cholesteatoma in 102 patients (85%) and 18 patients (15%) have no incus bone erosion (Table 4). Conclusion: Ear discharge was the most common presenting characteristic of chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma. The majority of the cases had ossicular erosion, with the incus being the most common site of involvement. Males are more likely than females to develop cholesteatoma. Keywords: erosion of incus bone, Mastoid exploration, Chronic suppurative otitis media, Cholesteatoma

Knowledge of Hypoglycemic Symptoms and their Self-Management among patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2961-2962
Author(s):  
Aneel Kumar ◽  
Zahid Ali Shaikh ◽  
Sham Lal Prithiani ◽  
Bashir Ahmed Shaikh ◽  
Imdad Ali Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Adequate Knowledge

Aim: To determine knowledge of hypoglycaemic symptoms & their self-management among pts with type II diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional. Place and duration of study: OPD Clinic of Department of Medicine, Chandka Medical College Hospital Larkana from 23rd May 2019 to 22nd November 2019. Methodology: One hundred and thirty five patients with type II diabetes mellitus of age 35- 60 years were selected. Patients with type I DM and neuro-psychiatric illness were excluded. The symptoms of hypoglycemia and their responses to those symptoms were recorded. Results: The mean age of 47.07±6.04years and majority of the patients 83 (61.48%) were between 46-60 years of age. Seventy two (53.33%) were male and 63 (46.67%) were females. Mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 6.90±3.86 years. Adequate knowledge of hypoglycemic symptoms and their self-management among patients with type II diabetes mellitus was found in 62 (56.9%) patients. Conclusion: Hypoglycemic patients are significantly unaware of their condition and have a very low knowledge about hypoglycemia and its self-management. Keywords: Type II diabetes, Hypoglycemic symptoms, Knowledge

Diaphragm muscle fatigue resistance during postnatal development

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Sieck ◽  
M. Fournier ◽  
C. E. Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type I Fibers ◽  
Type Ii Fibers

postnatal development. Both twitch contraction time and half-relaxation time decreased progressively with age. Correspondingly, the force-frequency curve was shifted to the left early in development compared with adults. The ratio of peak twitch force to maximum tetanic force decreased with age. Fatigue resistance of the diaphragm was highest at birth and then progressively decreased with age. At birth, most diaphragm muscle fibers stained darkly for myofibrillar adenosinetriphosphatase after alkaline preincubation and thus would be classified histochemically as type II. During subsequent postnatal development, the proportion of type I fibers (lightly stained for adenosinetriphosphatase) increased while the number of type II fibers declined. At birth, type I fibers were larger than type II fibers. The size of both fiber types increased with age, but the increase in cross-sectional area was greater for type II fibers. On the basis of fiber type proportions and mean cross-sectional areas, type I fibers contributed 15% of total muscle mass at birth and 25% in adults. Thus postnatal changes in diaphragm contractile and fatigue properties cannot be attributed to changes in the relative contribution of histochemically classified type I and II fibers. However, the possibility that these developmental changes in diaphragm contractile and fatigue properties correlated with the varying contractile protein composition of muscle fibers was discussed.

Diverse MRI findings and clinical outcomes of acute Marchiafava-Bignami disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 028418512094304
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Chao Ran ◽  
Jun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Restricted Diffusion ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background The acute onset of Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is difficult to capture, and its clinical manifestations are overlapped. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is very useful in the diagnosis of acute MBD. Purpose To investigate the MRI features and clinical outcomes of acute MBD. Materials and Methods Sagittal T2-weighted (T2W) or T1-weighted (T1W) imaging, axial T1W and T2W imaging, and axial FLAIR and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences were performed in 17 patients with acute MBD on 1.5-T MR. According to the different ranges of callosal restricted diffusion, MBD was divided into Type I (n = 7, the completely involved), Type II (n = 5, the mostly involved), and Type III (n = 5, the partly involved). The MRI findings and outcomes of each type were retrospectively analyzed. Results With the reduced range of the callosal restricted diffusion, the callosal atrophy or cavitation was more common: no case of Type I; 1 (20%) case of Type II; and 3 (60%) cases of Type III. With the increased range of callosal restricted diffusion, the extracallosal involvement was more common: 6 (86%) cases of Type I; 3 (60%) cases of Type II; and 1 (20%) case of Type III. During the follow-up, five cases had neuropsychiatric sequelae: 1 (14%) case of type I; 1 (20%) case of Type II; 3 (60%) cases of Type III. Conclusion The MRI findings and clinical outcomes of acute MBD are regular. The extensive restricted diffusion of acute MBD may present the curable condition. Callosal heterogeneity may affect the outcome of acute MBD.

Interactive effects of emphysema and malnutrition on diaphragm structure and function

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 947-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Lewis ◽  
S. A. Monn ◽  
W. Z. Zhan ◽  
G. C. Sieck
Keyword(s):  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Type I ◽  
Specific Force ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional

Interactive effects of emphysema (EMP) and prolonged nutritional deprivation (ND) on contractile, morphometric, and metabolic properties of hamster diaphragm muscle (DIA) were examined. Six months after induction of EMP (intratracheal elastase), saline-treated controls (CTL) and EMP hamsters of similar body weights were subjected to ND over 6 wk. Isometric contractile and fatigue properties of costal DIA were determined in vitro. DIA fibers were histochemically classified as type I or II, and fiber succinate dehydrogenase activity and cross-sectional area were determined using quantitative microscopic procedures. From histochemical sections, the number of capillaries per fiber (C/F) and per fiber cross-sectional area (C/A) were determined. ND resulted in progressive loss of body weight (ND-CTL, 23.8%; ND-EMP, 28.4%; P = NS). ND did not affect reduction in optimal length (Lo) of DIA fibers in EMP compared with CTL and ND-CTL hamsters. Maximum specific force (i.e., force/unit area) was reduced by approximately 25% in EMP animals compared with CTL. ND did not improve or exacerbate the reduction in specific force with EMP. ND attenuated improved fatigue resistance of DIA in EMP animals. No differences in fiber type proportions were noted among experimental groups. Significant atrophy of type I and II DIA fibers was noted after ND. Atrophy was proportionately greater in type II fibers of ND-EMP when referenced to EMP animals. Thus adaptive hypertrophy of type II DIA fibers in EMP animals was abolished. Fiber succinate dehydrogenase activity was significantly increased in type I and II fibers in EMP DIA. ND did not affect this metabolic adaptation of DIA fibers to persistent loads imposed by EMP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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