scholarly journals The PPEAO experimental fishing dataset: Fish from West African estuaries, lagoons and reservoirs

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Simier ◽  
Jean-Marc Ecoutin ◽  
Luis Tito de Morais
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
West African ◽  
Artisanal Fisheries ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Estuarine Lagoon ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Fyke Nets ◽  
Experimental Sampling

This paper describes a dataset of fish, crustacean and mollusc occurrences extracted from the “Experimental Fishing” section of the IRD's PPEAO information system. PPEAO stands for “Fish communities and artisanal fisheries of West African estuarine, lagoon and freshwater ecosystems”. This database contains information collected using two different methods: experimental fishing and surveys of the artisanal fisheries that exploit these ecosystems. The database is accessible at http://ppeao.ird.fr. The current dataset is available on GBIF.org at 10.15468/ra4voa. It comprises the occurrences of 314 fish, crustacean and mollusc taxa collected in experimental sampling surveys of different aquatic ecosystems in West Africa between 1979 and 2013. Different types of fishing gear were used including purse seines, gill nets and fyke nets. The taxa were identified by IRD scientists or by scientific partners well trained in systematics. Most taxa were identified at species level (97% of cases). This dataset is the result of 213 fishing surveys, 5,362 fishing hauls and 31,709 occurrences (28,428 of fish taxa and 3,281 of crustaceans and molluscs). The number of individuals per species and per haul is included and 80% of occurrences are geolocated.

On the subsistence practices of the Shi’erqiao Culture: focused on zooarchaeology

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunyu He
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
Chengdu Plain ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Minimum Number Of Individuals ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractThrough the analyses of the number of identified specimens (NISP), minimum number of individuals (MNI) and estimation of meat available from the animal remains unearthed from representative sites of the Chengdu Plain Type and Eastern Chongqing Type of the Shi’erqiao Culture, this paper discusses the subsistence strategy of this culture. The results show that the meat resources of the Chengdu Plain Type were mainly domesticated animals, while those of the Eastern Chongqing Type were mainly hunted animals. This paper draws the conclusion that in the early stage of human civilization, the subsistence strategies of different types of the same archaeological culture might be different, while those of different archaeological cultures might be similar; the factors influencing the subsistence strategies are mainly the natural environment, regional economic traditions, and population pressures.

scholarly journals Observations of Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) bycatch in a recreational ice fishery in northern Ontario

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Lennox ◽  
William M. Twardek ◽  
Steven J. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Recreational Fishing ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Recreational Fisheries ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Necturus Maculosus ◽  
Handling Practices

Bycatch in fisheries is a well-explored topic, although less so in recreational fisheries. We encountered frequent bycatch of Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus), a neotenic aquatic salamander that is active in winter, in passively baited ice-fishing gear targetting teleost fishes. We noted hook location in Mudpuppies captured by two hook types: J-hooks and circle hooks. Our prediction was that circle hooks would reduce the frequency of deep hooking of Mudpuppies, which is often cited as an important predictor of post-release mortality in fishes. We found no difference in the frequency of deep hooking of Mudpuppies captured by circle or J-hooks, although, in a subset of Mudpuppies (n = 13) held for 24 h after capture, one death occurred (8%). Further research may be necessary to determine whether deeply hooked Mudpuppies can pass or shed hooks and survive beyond the 24-h period we monitored. However, our findings suggest that anglers and managers should consider refinements to handling practices for Mudpuppies captured as bycatch, because they are likely to survive if handled cautiously. These results, which are among the first describing non-fish bycatch in recreational fisheries, call for managers and anglers who encounter Mudpuppies during recreational fishing to seek more information and educational opportunities to improve the fate of this important component of temperate freshwater ecosystems and ecological indicator speciesthat is incidentally captured by ice fishing.

Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Maiara Tábatha da Silva Brito ◽  
Leidiane Pereira Diniz ◽  
Ully M. Pozzobom ◽  
Victor Lemes Landeiro ◽  
Francisco Diogo R. Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
New Records ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
The State ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
Cladoceran Species ◽  
Hydrographic Regions

Studies on Cladocera biodiversity in Brazilian freshwater ecosystems are intensifying. However, the fauna of some hydrographic regions is still poorly known. We investigated the richness and species composition of cladocerans in lakes of the Pantanal from the state of Mato Grosso (Paraguay hydrographic region), Brazil. In addition, we cataloged the known cladoceran species in each hydrographic region of the state. Occurrence data were obtained from the literature and samples collected from 50 lakes in the northern Pantanal. We recorded 120 cladoceran species from eight families in the state of Mato Grosso. The occurrence of these species was recorded in the Amazon and Paraguay hydrographic regions. We are unaware of studies on cladocerans conducted in the Tocantins-Araguaia hydrographic region. We reported 17 new records in the Pantanal samples (Paraguay hydrographic region). Overall, richness estimates reveal that 72.6% of the state's cladoceran fauna is already known, while for the Paraguay hydrographic region this estimate is 72.2%. In general, the cladocerans from the Amazon and Paraguay regions did not differ. Our findings allow us to infer the need for further studies in the different hydrographic regions found in Mato Grosso in order to improve the knowledge of cladoceran biodiversity. We suggest a greater sampling effort, particularly in the littoral zone of aquatic ecosystems in this state, which can harbor great biodiversity.

Patterns of Authority in West Africa

Africa ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Brown
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Political System ◽  
West African ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Size And Structure

Opening ParagraphThe development of large centralized states in West Africa has long been recognized. The complexity of organization of the few well-known kingdoms, but not their differences in size and structure, is constantly emphasized in the literature. The number and variety of West African groups which have not developed states have, on the other hand, frequently been underestimated. In a comparative review by Professors Fortes and Evans-Pritchard two types of political system, centralized and segmentary, have been described for Africa as a whole, with examples of each in West Africa. A survey of West African societies suggests, however, that finer distinctions are possible and that not all these societies can be placed in one or other of these two categories. In particular, this classification omits consideration of ‘stateless’ societies in which associations, rather than a segmentary lineage system, regulate political relations; and it fails to distinguish different types of authority and political structure in states.

Differences in predicted catch composition between two widely used catch equation formulations

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor A. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Gear Selectivity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Catch Composition ◽  
Continuous Formulation ◽  
Discrete Formulation

Fishing gear selectivity varies among different types of fish (e.g., species, age, sex, or length groups), but their relative catch composition also depends on the fishing process. The continuous (Baranov) formulation assumes that fishing mortality and natural mortality occur together during the fishing season and that there are multiple encounters between fish and fishing gear. For this formulation, predicted catch composition depends on fishing mortality, and at high fishing mortality levels the entire population can be caught provided the selectivity is nonzero for all age groups. In contrast, the discrete formulation assumes that fishing mortality occurs separately from natural mortality and that fish encounter at most only one set of fishing gear. The discrete formulation is easier to compute, but the predicted catch composition is independent of fishing mortality, and some of the population remains unexploitable. The correct choice of equations depends on the particular fishery and fishing mortality levels; at low fishing mortality levels the predictions differ little, but at high fishing mortality levels where multiple gear encounters could occur, the continuous formulation is preferable.

scholarly journals Ichthyofauna of the Una river in the Paraíba do Sul Paulista River Valley, Southeastern of Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Rodrigues Honorio ◽  
Itamar Alves Martins
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
New Records ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
River Valley ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Fyke Nets ◽  
Paraíba Do Sul River

Abstract: This study focus on an inventory of the ichthyofauna of the Una river, a tributary of the Paraíba do Sul river, located in the region of Paraíba do Sul River Valley, in the State of São Paulo. Sampling was carried out in three sampling areas along the channel of the Una river between April 2016 and March 2017. For the collection of fish specimens, was used angling, fyke nets, cast nets, dragnets and hand nets. A total of 1.534 specimens were collected, which corresponds to five different orders, 14 families, 26 genera and thirty species. The study revealed that the most significant number of reported species are from the orders Siluriformes and Characiformes. The Characidae family was the most representative concerning the wealth of species and Astyanax aff. bimaculatus (two spot Astyanax | lambari-do-rabo-amarelo) was the species with the highest number of individuals captured. The freshwater ichthyofauna of the Una river is composed of eight species considered allochthonous and one exotic. Of the thirty species listed in this study, five are new records for the Paraíba do Sul river basin.

scholarly journals Fungi and viruses as important players in microbial mats

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia Carreira ◽  
Christian Lønborg ◽  
Michael Kühl ◽  
Ana I Lillebø ◽  
Ruth-Anne Sandaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Element Cycling ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Web Structure ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT Microbial mats are compacted, surface-associated microbial ecosystems reminiscent of the first living communities on early Earth. While often considered predominantly prokaryotic, recent findings show that both fungi and viruses are ubiquitous in microbial mats, albeit their functional roles remain unknown. Fungal research has mostly focused on terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems where fungi are known as important recyclers of organic matter, whereas viruses are exceptionally abundant and important in aquatic ecosystems. Here, viruses have shown to affect organic matter cycling and the diversity of microbial communities by facilitating horizontal gene transfer and cell lysis. We hypothesise fungi and viruses to have similar roles in microbial mats. Based on the analysis of previous research in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, we outline novel hypotheses proposing strong impacts of fungi and viruses on element cycling, food web structure and function in microbial mats, and outline experimental approaches for studies needed to understand these interactions.

A Comparison of Symbol Transparency in Nonspeaking Persons with Intellectual Disabilities

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Mirenda ◽  
Peggy A. Locke
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Severe Mental Retardation ◽  
Physical Impairments ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Picture Communication

This investigation compared the transparency of 11 different types of symbols representing objects with 40 nonspeaking subjects who experienced various degrees of intellectual disability. The subjects included a number of individuals with physical impairments or autism in addition to mild, moderate, or severe mental retardation. The symbol sets included: nonidentical objects, miniature objects, identical colored photographs, nonidentical colored photographs, black-and-white photographs, Picture Communication Symbols (PCS), Picsyms, Rebus, Self-Talk, Blissymbols, and written words. Statistical analyses indicated that real objects were more readily recognized than were any of the symbol sets and that Blissymbols and written words were more difficult than were any of the other sets. In addition, the results suggest the existence of a hierarchy of difficulty at the object (noun) level for the symbol sets assessed. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for selecting an initial symbol set for nonspeaking individuals. In addition, some suggestions for using the assessment protocols in clinical practice are presented, along with future research implications.

An overview of dolphin depredation in Italian artisanal fisheries

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 921-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lauriano ◽  
L. Caramanna ◽  
M. Scarnò ◽  
F. Andaloro
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Artisanal Fisheries ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Management Issue ◽  
Artisanal Fishing ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
The World ◽  
Fisheries Interactions

Conflict between dolphins and fisheries is an important management issue in many parts of the world. In 2002, we examined the extent of depredation in the Italian small scale fishery by means of in situ interviews. Overall, 245 landing sites were investigated, representing 11.09% of the whole Italian artisanal fleet. The association between the commonly used artisanal fishing gear and the interacting fauna was investigated by means of correspondence analysis. Set gillnet and trammel nets were the types of the fishing gear most vulnerable to dolphin depredation; the interaction with these gear amounted to 66.4% while fish damage was reported in 72.2% of the cases. A regional ranking of the interactions in terms of both fishing gear alteration and fish damage, shows that the problem is most pressing in the Friuli, Campania, Sardinia and Apulia regions. This study is the first attempt to monitor dolphin–fisheries interactions and assess depredation rates in Italy, providing information on the areas where future investigation should be concentrated.

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