The highly rearranged karyotype of the hangingfly Bittacus sinicus (Mecoptera, Bittacidae): the lowest chromosome number in the order

Cytogenetic features of the hangingfly Bittacus sinicus Issiki, 1931 were investigated for the first time using C-banding and DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining. The karyotype analyses show that the male B. sinicus possesses the lowest chromosome number (2n = 15) ever observed in Mecoptera, and an almost symmetric karyotype with MCA (Mean Centromeric Asymmetry) of 12.55 and CVCL (Coefficient of Variation of Chromosome Length) of 19.78. The chromosomes are either metacentric or submetacentric with their sizes decreasing gradually. Both the C-banding and DAPI+ patterns detect intermediate heterochromatin on the pachytene bivalents of B. sinicus, definitely different from the heterochromatic segment at one bivalent terminal of other bittacids studied previously. The male meiosis of B. sinicus is chiasmate with two chiasmata in metacentric bivalents and one in the submetacentric bivalent. The sex determination mechanism is X0(♂), which is likely plesiomorphic in Bittacidae. Two alternative scenarios of karyotype origin and evolution in Bittacus Latreille, 1805 are discussed.

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Chromosome counts of eight Iranian endemic species of Nepeta L. (Lamiaceae)

Caryologia ◽

10.36253/caryologia-729 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 53-61

Author(s):

Maryam Hasaninejad ◽

Ziba Jamzad ◽

Saeid Afsharzadeh ◽

HojJatollah Saeidi

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Species Group ◽

Chromosome Length ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Chromosome Counts ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Study Results ◽

Karyotypic Diversity ◽

Karyotype Formula ◽

First Time

In this survey, the chromosome counts of eight Nepeta L. species were investigated and the karyotypic diversity among these species was studied. The examined species belong to N. cephalotes Boiss. species group, namely N. eremokosmos Rech.f., N. gloeocephala Rech. f., cephalotes Boiss., N. pungens (Bunge) Benth., N. ispahanica Boiss., N. mahanensis Jamzad & Simonds, N. hormozganica Jamzad and N. denudata Benth. collected from different habitats in Iran. The ploidy levels, karyotype formula, chromosome length range, total karyotype length, several karyotype asymmetries values and Stebbins classification were determined in this study. Results showed the same chromosome number, 2n = 2x= 18 for all studied species. The basic chromosome number for the above mentioned species are x = 9. Also, the smallest chromosome length is 1.02 μm in N. mahanensis. The largest chromosome length is 2.3 μm in N. ispahanica. The chromosomes of species were metacentric or submetacentric. According to the Stebbins classification, these species were located into three classes 1A, 2A and 3A. The chromosome numbers for six of studied species are reported here for the first time.

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Distribution of FISH oligo-5S rDNA and oligo-(AGGGTTT)3 in Hibiscus mutabilis L.

Genome ◽

10.1139/gen-2019-0142 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Xiaomei Luo ◽

Zhoujian He

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Physical Map ◽

Molecular Cytogenetics ◽

5S Rdna ◽

Chromosome Length ◽

Chromosome Identification ◽

Karyotype Asymmetry ◽

First Time ◽

Distribution Of Fish

Hibiscus exhibits high variation in chromosome number both within and among species. The Hibiscus mutabilis L. karyotype was analyzed in detail using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with oligonucleotide probes for (AG3T3)3 and 5S rDNA, which were tested here for the first time. In total, 90 chromosomes were counted in prometaphase and metaphase, and all exhibited similarly intense (AG3T3)3 signals at both ends. (AG3T3)3 showed little variation and thus did not allow discrimination among H. mutabilis chromosomes, but its location at both ends confirmed the integrity of each chromosome, thus contributing to accurate counting of the numerous, small chromosomes. Oligo-5S rDNA marked the proximal/distal regions of six chromosomes: weak signals on chromosomes 7 and 8, slightly stronger signals on chromosomes 15 and 16, and very strong signals on chromosomes 17 and 18. Therefore, 5S rDNA could assist in chromosome identification in H. mutabilis. Metaphase chromosome lengths ranged from 3.00 to 1.18 μm, indicating small chromosomes. The ratios of longest to shortest chromosome length in prometaphase and metaphase were 2.58 and 2.54, respectively, indicating karyotype asymmetry in H. mutabilis. These results provide an exact chromosome number and a physical map, which will be useful for genome assembly and contribute to molecular cytogenetics in the genus Hibiscus.

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Karyotype traits in Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal (Asteraceae), an invasive plant in Romania

Silvae Genetica ◽

10.1515/sg-2012-0023 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 61 (1-6) ◽

pp. 179-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elena Truta ◽

Gabriela Vochita ◽

Adrian Oprea ◽

Culita Sirbu

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

Chromosome Length ◽

The Other ◽

Diploid Chromosome Number ◽

Diploid Complement ◽

High Level ◽

High Degree ◽

First Time

Abstract The description of the karyotype features and idiogram in Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal (Asteraceae), an invasive plant in Romania, are reported here for the first time. The diploid chromosome number is 2n=2x=12, in agreement with the data published for the other species of the genus. The karyomorphological data show that the complements of the studied genotypes have small chromosomes (mean chromosome length is X̅±SE=2.56±0.10 μm, and mean length of haploid complements is X̅±SE=15.33±0.69 μm, with a range of variability comprised between 12.87-17.51 μm). The karyotypes are made up of six pairs of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes, with an identical formula of the diploid complement: KF=2n=12=8m+ 2sm + 2sm-SAT. Satellites are located on the short arms of the chromosomes of pair III. The karyotypes show a relatively high level of intra-specific uniformity as well as similar symmetry patterns (R=1.29-1.53; TF%=38.78-41.57%; AsI%=54.54-57.61%; A1 = 0.24- 0.32; A2=0.08-0.16), belonging to 1A and 2A classes of symmetry. The small size of the chromosomes, the presence of only two chromosome morphometric types, and the preponderance of metacentrics confer a relatively high degree of symmetry to the karyotypes studied.

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Somatic chromosome number and ploidy level in three Curcuma spp. from Bangladesh

Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujbs.v30i2.54639 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 133-140

Author(s):

Ishrat Jahan Bonna ◽

Suma Akter ◽

Syeda Sharmeen Sultana

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Staining Pattern ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Chromosome Length ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Essential Factor ◽

Somatic Chromosome Number ◽

Interphase Nuclei ◽

First Time ◽

Orcein Staining

Three Curcuma L. species were investigated cytogenetically which represent diversed staining pattern of heterochromatins in interphase nuclei and prophase chromosomes with orcein staining. Curcuma longa and C. caesia were found to possess 2n = 3x = 63 somatic chromosomes whereas 2n = 2x = 42 chromosome number in C. zedoaria is reported for the first time from Bangladesh. Total chromosome length recorded in C. longa, C. caesia and C. zedoaria were 145.08 ± 2.85 μm, 164.93 ± 4.29 μm and 97.78 ± 2.41 μm, respectively. This was the first attempt to measure the length of the chromosomes for these species. The experiment confirmed the basic chromosome number x = 21 with triploid (C. longa, C. caesia) and diploid (C. zedoaria) Curcuma plants. Polyploidy could be employed in the evolution and diversification of the genus Curcuma, which is an essential factor to characterize the species of this genus. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(2): 133-140, 2021 (July)

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New Contribution to the Knowledge on the Chromosome Numbers of Turkish Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)

Folia Biologica ◽

10.3409/fb_69-2.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 93-99

Author(s):

Yavuz Koçak ◽

Elmas Yağmur

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Sex Determination ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Chromosome Count ◽

Chromosomal Number ◽

The Poor ◽

Karyological Data ◽

First Time

Information on the karyotypes of Turkish species of Cerambycidae is scanty. Our study contributes to the knowledge of the karyological data (chromosomal number and mechanism of sex determination) of five Turkish longicorn beetles; karyotypes of four taxa, one endemic, are described for the first time and for the remaining one, Purpuricenus budensis (Götz, 1783), the previously published chromosome count is confirmed. The chromosome number of Purpuricenus desfontainii inhumeralis Pic, 1891 and Purpuricenus budensis (Götz, 1783) (Cerambycinae, Trachyderini) was found to be 2n = 28 (13 + Xyp); Clytus rhamni Germar, 1817 and Plagionotus floralis (Pallas, 1773) (Cerambycinae, Clytini) 2n = 20 (9 + Xyp); and the endemic Dorcadion triste phrygicum Peks, 1993 (Lamiinae, Dorcadionini) 2n = 24 (11 + Xyp). In view of the paucity of data available until now, our study is important for both to improve the poor karyological knowledge of Turkish Cerambycidae and to provide an incentive for other researchers.

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Karyotype analysis and chromosome number for two Cirsium taxa (Asteraceae) in Iran

Turczaninowia ◽

10.14258/turczaninowia.24.1.10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 83-88

Author(s):

Zohreh Babaee ◽

Maryam Norouzi ◽

Samaneh Mosaferi ◽

Maryam Keshavarzi

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Mitotic Chromosome ◽

Karyotype Analysis ◽

Chromosome Length ◽

B Chromosomes ◽

Chromosome Type ◽

Population Total ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Class B ◽

Karyotype Analyses

Cirsium Mill. contains more than 250 species in the world mainly distributed in the Northern hemisphere. Different chromosome numbers with different ploidy levels were reported in this genus. In this study, karyotype details and chromosome numbers were established for two Cirsium taxa in Iran. C. ciliatum subsp. szovitsii and C. echinus had the mitotic chromosome numbers of 2n = 2x = 34. Karyotype analyses showed that chromosomes were generally metacentric and sub-metacentric. In C. echinus, Lowshan population had the longest chromosome (19.10 µm) and Heyran Canyon population (4.73 µm) the shortest one while in C. ciliatum, the longest chromosome was observed in Urmia to Salmas population (14.67 µm) and the shortest one (4.71 µm) in Doshanlu population. Total haploid chromosome length ranged from 275.29 to 376.42 µm in populations studied. Both taxa were grouped in 2B class. B-chromosomes were recorded for two taxa studied too. Chromosome type, mitotic chromosome numbers and occurrence of B-chromosomes were in agreement with previous results (Albers, Pröbsting, 1998; Lövkvist, Hultgård, 1999; Yüksel et al., 2013; Yildiz et al., 2016).

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A KARYOSYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATION IN THE GRAMINEAE

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr34-087 ◽

1934 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 213-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

A. W. S. Hunter

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Basic Number ◽

Chromosome Morphology ◽

The Other ◽

Anthoxanthum Odoratum ◽

Large Genus ◽

Taxonomic Studies ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

First Time

The history and the present state of the classification of the Gramineae are briefly reviewed and a number of the different characteristics on which phylogenetic systems have been based are considered. The subjects of chromosome morphology and the application of idiograms and karyotypes to taxonomic studies are discussed. Avdulov's recently reported findings on the phylogeny of the grasses are summarized and compared with the results of other workers and those obtained in the present investigation. Three species of bamboos were studied for the first time and evidence secured to indicate that the basic number of the tribe is probably not 12 as has been elsewhere reported. In the Festuceae the chromosome number of Phragmites communis Trin. was definitely ascertained, confirming Avdulov's supposition that the basic number for the genus is 12. The other three species investigated agreed with the arrangement as proposed by Avdulov. The tribe Chlorideae, with the exception of the genus Beckmannia, has been reported to be almost entirely Panicoid with respect to chromosome morphology. This was confirmed in the four species examined. Avdulov's rearrangement of the tribe Hordeae was somewhat altered and a confusion m the nomenclature of the genus Lepturus was corrected. An anomalous situation was cleared up in the tribe Agrostideae by the establishment of the chromosome number of Sporobolus tennuissinus Kuntz as 40. The specimen of Anthoxanthum odoratum L. (tribe Phalarideae) examined provided a very interesting example of secondary splitting in somatic chromosomes. One species was examined in the tribe Melinideae and six in the tribe Paniceae. In the latter tribe no difference could be detected between the several subdivisions of the genus Panicum. The same condition held for the large genus Andropogon in the tribe Andropogoneae. In the tribe Maydeae the chromosome number of Tripsacum dactyloides L. was found to be 9, and the suggestion was made that it may be a link, along with the genus Coix, between the Andropogoneae and the Maydeae. The other four species examined all had a basic number of 10.

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Chromosome studies on African plants. 9. Chromosome numbers in Ehrharta (Poaceae: Ehrharteae)

Bothalia ◽

10.4102/abc.v19i1.948 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 125-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. J. Spies ◽

E. J. L. Saayman ◽

S. P. Voges ◽

G. Davidse

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Ploidy Level ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

B Chromosomes ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

Cytogenetic Studies ◽

African Plants ◽

First Time

Cytogenetic studies of 53 specimens of 14 species of the genus Ehrharta Thunb. confirmed a basic chromosome number of 12 for the genus. Chromosome numbers for 13 species are described for the first time. The highest ploidy level yet observed in the genus (2n = lOx = 120) is reported for E. villosa var. villosa. B chromosomes were observed in several specimens of four different species.

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Can morphology and chromosome number contribute to species delimitation? A case in the Hibiscus trionum complex (Tribe Hibisceae, Malvaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.416.4.6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 416 (4) ◽

pp. 278-286

Author(s):

MOHAMED OWIS BADRY ◽

JENNIFER A. TATE ◽

PRASHANT JOSHI ◽

AHMED MAHMOUD ABBAS ◽

SOHAIR THABET HAMED ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Species Delimitation ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Chromosome Counts ◽

Comprehensive Description ◽

Hibiscus Trionum ◽

The World ◽

First Time

A taxonomic revision of Hibiscus trionum from Egypt was undertaken using morphological and cytological studies of field collections and herbarium specimens. The data indicate that all specimens so far collected in Egypt belong to H. tridactylites, rather than H. trionum. This paper includes a comprehensive description of H. tridactylites, its occurrence, a comparison with other species in the H. trionum complex, and comments on habitat, along with images for easy identification. In addition, chromosome counts for this species from Egypt have been determined for the first time, which add to existing information on chromosome counts for the species from different regions of the world.

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Taxonomic revision of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) in Italy

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.199.1.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 199 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Duilio Iamonico

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Flora Of Italy ◽

Nomenclatural Change ◽

New Synonymy ◽

First Time

A taxonomic revision of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) in Italy is here presented. Field surveys were carried out during the period 2006–2014. 58 herbaria (both European and American, including 12 personal herbaria) were consulted (more than 3,000 specimens were examined) as well as extensive literature was analized. Twenty-seven non-hybrid taxa (twenty-four species, and six varieties) are recognized (A. crassipes and A. graecizans subsp. graecizans are considered doubtful for the flora of Italy). Three taxa (A. blitum, A. cacciatoi, and A. graecizans subsp. sylvestris) are native, one (A. bouchonii) has doubtful origin, while the others are to be considered aliens, mostly neophytes native to the Americas. Information about nomenclature (accepted names, main synonyms, and types), morphology, chromosome number, chorology (for native taxa) or alien status (for exotic taxa, at national and regional levels), occurrence in Italy (at regional scale), ecology (preferential habitat, phenology, elevation), taxonomic annotations are provided for each taxon, as well as original photos were prepared. Diagnostic keys at species and infraspecific levels (for A. blitum subsp. blitum s.l., A. emarginatus s.l., and A. graecizans s.l.) are given. An isolectotype for the name A. bouchonii was found at Z. A list of the seven hybrids recorded and their main morphological characteristics are also given. Among them, A. × mauritii is recorded in the present study for the first time in Italy. The nomenclatural change Amaranthus × pyxidatus comb. et stat. nov. is proposed. Two specimens preserved at MPU are designated as lectotype and isolectotype of the name A. × mauritii s.s., while for A. × mauritii f. ramosissima the holotype was found; the two names are to be considered heterotypic synonyms (new synonymy).

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