scholarly journals Oral Microbial Flora in Bulgarian Adolescents with Moderate Plaque-induced Gingivitis

Folia Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-528
Author(s):  
Stela K. Peycheva ◽  
Elisaveta G. Apostolova ◽  
Zhivko L. Peychev ◽  
Petya A. Gardjeva ◽  
Mihaela S. Shishmanova-Doseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Supragingival Plaque ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: In children and adolescents, the most common periodontal disease is the plaque-induced gingivitis.Aim: The aim of this study was to reveal the bacterial species associated with supragingival plaque of Bulgarian adolescents diagnosed with plaque-induced gingivitis.Materials and methods: Supragingival plaque samples from 70 healthy subjects with moderate plaque-induced gingivitis (37 females and 33 males), aged 12-18 years, were obtained and examined microbiologically.Results: A total of 224 microorganisms were isolated. Gram-negative bacteria were predominant compared to Gram-positive [132 (59%) vs. 92 (41%), p<0.001]. Aerobic microorganisms were detected more often than anaerobic (151; 67.5% vs. 73; 32.5%, p<0.001). The Streptococcus mutans group and Neisseria spp. were isolated from all adolescents. The frequency of isolation of C. albicans was relatively lower &ndash; 11 (15.7%). The anaerobes showed much greater microbial diversity (12 pathogen groups were isolated). Gram-negative rods were isolated from 57 of the adolescents (isolation frequency 81.4%). F. varium, P. melaninogenica, P. intermedia and P. assacharolyticus were detected respectively in 12 (16%), 9 (12%), 8 (11%) and 7 (10%) samples. The less frequently isolated anaerobes were Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative cocci, Bacteroides uniformis and Bifidobacterium spp. together.Conclusion: The most frequently isolated microbiota in our study is part of the normal oral bacterial flora. The presence of anaerobes such as Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides and Porphyromonas reflects the gradual change of the flora to more complex one. The results of quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the plaque of adolescents with moderate plaque-induced gingivitis may contribute to the selection of the prevention and treatment of this disease.

scholarly journals ETIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF MICROBIOTA IN ODONTOGENIC INFECTIOUS INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF MAXILLOFACIAL AREA

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
M.O. Faustova
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Infectious Process ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci ◽  
Selection Of

In recent decades, the etiological structure of infectious complications in surgery has remained almost unchanged. The aim of this study is to identify the leading pathogens of odontogenic infectious and inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area in patients. Materials and methods. The study involved 137 patients with odontogenic infectious and inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area. The final species identification of microorganisms was performed according to the generally accepted method. Results. 117 clinical strains of microorganisms were isolated from patients and identified. It was found the most common causative agents of odontogenic infectious and inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area in patients were gram-positive cocci. It should be noted that the vast majority of isolates were members of the genus Staphylococcus. Gram-negative microorganisms were detected in patients much less frequently (31.6%) compared with gram-positive. In 5.1% of case, C. albicans acted as the dominant pathogen in the material taken from patients with purulent diseases. It was found out that during the development of the abscess, the microbiota were more diverse, but the percentage of pathogens differed significantly with the selection of S. aureus, A. baumannii and E. faecalis as the main ones. In turn, with the aggravation of the infectious process and the development of phlegmon and mediastinitis in patients, a decrease in the spectrum of microorganisms in the studied materials was observed, along with an increase in their percentages. Conclusions. The etiological structure of microbiota of odontogenic infectious-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area is predominantly represented by opportunistic microorganisms of the genera Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas. In general, gram-positive cocci and non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria are the dominant causative agents of odontogenic infectious-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area in most surgical patients.

scholarly journals Incidence and susceptibility patterns of urine bacterial flora in young females

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwag Shami ◽  
Samiah Al-Mijalli ◽  
Ali Somily ◽  
Fawziah M. Albarakaty ◽  
Samah Awad AbduRahim
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

AbstractBackgroundIt has been established that the urinary tract is not sterile, however, research related to the study of urine bacteria are limited. Our work aims to study the frequency and patterns of resistance of normal urinary aerobic bacterial flora.MethodsClean catch midstream urine specimens were collected from 120 young healthy females, and then cultured. Identification of bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility were done by means of Biomérieux VITEK® 2 automated systems. Subjects who have undergone antimicrobial treatment in one month weren’t included.ResultsThe incidence of positive bacterial cultures was 54.2%, of which 21.5% were ploymicrobial. 107 bacterial isolates that encompass 12 genera and 27 species that were predominated by Gram-positive bacteria (72%) were cultivated. Staphylococcaceae (46.1%) and Enterobacteriaceae (17.8%) were the most frequently isolates among Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria respectively, from them 36 species have been identified as b lactamase producers. The top four frequently isolated bacteria are Micrococcus species (16%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (13.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (10%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%). Twenty two bacterial species were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by using broad and narrow spectrum antibiotics and antimicrobials. Ampicillin showed the lowest susceptibility rate against Gram positives, followed by erythromycin and azithromycin. The lesser antimicrobial susceptibility potential among Gram negative bacteria was exhibited against ampicillin, followed by piperacillin and cefotaxime.ConclusionOur findings emphasize the importance of highlighting urine bacterial flora in research especially those related to susceptibility patterns, employing more advanced culture methods as multiple drug resistant bacteria were isolated.

Diversity profiling of xenic cultures of Dientamoeba fragilis following systematic antibiotic treatment and prospects for genome sequencing

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Rory Gough ◽  
Joel Barratt ◽  
Damien Stark ◽  
John Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Dientamoeba Fragilis ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe presence of bacterial DNA in Dientamoeba fragilis DNA extracts from culture poses a substantial challenge to sequencing the D. fragilis genome. However, elimination of bacteria from D. fragilis cultures has proven difficult in the past, presumably due to its dependence on some unknown prokaryote/s. This study explored options for removal of bacteria from D. fragilis cultures and for the generation of genome sequence data from D. fragilis. DNA was extracted from human faecal samples and xenic D. fragilis cultures. Extracts were subjected to 16S ribosomal DNA bacterial diversity profiling. Xenic D. fragilis cultures were then subject to antibiotic treatment regimens that systematically removed bacterial species depending on their membrane structure (Gram-positive or Gram-negative) and aerobic requirements. The impact of these treatments on cultures was assessed by 16S amplicon sequencing. Prior to antibiotic treatment, the cultures were dominated by Gram-negative bacteria. Addition of meropenem to cultures eliminated anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, but it also led to protozoan death after 5 days incubation. The seeding of meropenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain KPC-2 into cultures before treatment by meropenem prevented death of D. fragilis cells beyond this 5 day period, suggesting that one or more species of Gram-negative bacteria may be an essential nutritional requirement for D. fragilis. Gram-positive cells were completely eliminated using vancomycin without affecting trophozoite growth. Finally, this study shows that genome sequencing of D. fragilis is feasible following bacterial elimination from cultures as the result of the major advances occurring in bioinformatics. We provide evidence on this fact by successfully sequencing the D. fragilis 28S large ribosomal DNA subunit gene using culture-derived DNA.

scholarly journals THE GASTROINTESTINAL EPITHELIUM AND ITS AUTOCHTHONOUS BACTERIAL FLORA

1968 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwayne C. Savage ◽  
René Dubos ◽  
Russell W. Schaedler
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mucous Layer ◽  
Histological Sections ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by bacteria of the normal flora was followed by bacteriological and special histological techniques in mice from several colonies. These histological techniques were designed to preserve the intimate associations that become established between particular strains of microorganisms and the epithelium of the mucosa of certain areas of the gut. The findings were as follows: 1. The various strains of bacteria of the normal flora became established in the different areas of the guts of infant mice according to a definite time sequence. 2. The first types of bacteria that could be cultured from the gut were lactobacilli and Group N streptococci. Within the first day after birth, these bacteria colonized the entire digestive tract and formed layers on the stratified squamous epithelium of the nonsecreting portion of the stomach and of the distal esophagus. 3. The bacterial types that appeared next were coliforms and enterococci. From about the 9th to the 18th day after birth, these bacteria could be cultured in extremely high numbers from the cecum and the colon. Histological sections of those organs taken during the first 2 or 3 days of that interval revealed microcolonies of Gram-positive cocci in pairs and tiny Gram-negative rods embedded in the mucous layer of the epithelium. The microcolonies were well separated from the mixture of digesta and bacteria that occupied the center of the lumen; they may have consisted of the coliforms and enterococci mentioned above; but this possibility remains to be proved. 4. Histological sections also revealed that, at about the 12th day after birth, long, thin Gram-variable rods with tapering ends were present, side by side, with the small Gram-negative rods and Gram-positive cocci in the mucous layer. By the 15th day after birth, the fusiform bacteria formed thick layers in the mucus, and seemed to be the only bacteria remaining in that location. It has not yet been possible to enumerate these tapered rods by culture methods, but as judged by visual appearances in the histological sections, they seemed to outnumber all other bacteria in the cecum and the colon by a factor of as much as 1000. It must be stressed that these bacterial layers are readily disrupted and even washed away by conventional histological techniques; their discovery was largely due to the use of the special histological techniques described in the text. The bacteriological and histological findings described here constitute further evidence for the hypothesis that symbiotic associations exist between microorganisms and animals, and that a very large percentage of the bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract constitutes a true autochthonous flora. The constant occurrence of several distinct associations of bacteria with the special histological structures of the animal host renders obsolete the notion that the intestine constitutes a chemostat in which the bacterial populations are randomly mixed. For a full understanding of the ecology of the normal microflora, it is necessary to think of body surfaces as distinct microenvironments in which virtually pure cultures of a few species of microorganisms interact with their host and the adjacent microbial populations. Experiments based on this hypothesis are admittedly difficult to design, but on the other hand studies based on the assumption that microorganisms exist as mixtures in the gastrointestinal tract will be only of limited value and may often be misleading.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile and their Susceptibility Pattern in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Tertiary Care Hospital in Wah

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224
Author(s):  
Saba Mushtaq ◽  
Sohail Ashraf ◽  
Lubna Ghazal ◽  
Rida Zahid ◽  
Basharat Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by multiple symptoms and signs of infection during the first month of life. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of commonly isolated bacteria from patients of neonatal sepsis and their susceptibility patterns in POF hospital at Wah. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in POF Hospital Neonatal intensive care unit and Microbiology laboratory from January 2018 to December 2019. The blood samples of patients suspected with neonatal sepsis were processed as per standard methodology. Results: Out of ninety blood samples, fifty-one (56.7%) yielded the growth of Gram-negative rods and thirty-nine (43.3%) yielded Gram-positive cocci. Among Gram-positive bacteria, coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common pathogen isolated from 53.8% cases followed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (15.3%). Among Gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae (54.90%) was the most frequently identified bacteria followed by Serratia marcescens (27.45%). The Gram-positive cocci were the most susceptible to linezolid (100%) followed by vancomycin (87.2%). The Gram-negative rods depict remarkable resistance to ciprofloxacin (92.2%), gentamicin (100%), and meropenem (54.9%). Conclusions: The study concluded a predominance of Gram-negative bacteria as a causative agent of neonatal sepsis in our setup. The bacterial isolates are highly resistant to commonly prescribed oral as well as injectable antibiotics. Implementation of infection control policies is a dire need to combat the grave situation of increasing antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Zinc (Zn) Resistant Bacteria in Banger River, Pekalongan, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-628
Author(s):  
Fitri Arum Sasi ◽  
Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum ◽  
Anto Budiharjo
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Indigenous Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Sequences Analysis

Indigenous bacteria are able to remove the metals contamination in environment. This study aimed to assess the resistance of bacterial species to Zinc (Zn) in Banger River, Pekalongan City. The bacteria from three different parts of Banger River were isolated and inoculated in Zn-selective medium. Then, molecular identification to determine the bacteria species was conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by applying forward-reverse 16SrRNA gene primers. The sequences analysis was conducted using MUSCLE and MEGA6. There were seven dominant species that possibly resistant to Zn. Approximately, every isolate could reach more than 95 % from 2000 ppm of Zn in the medium. The higher absorption of Zn was found in Z5 isolate. The seven bacteria species were clustered into nine genera i.e. Klebsiela, Xenorhabdus, Cronobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Shigella and Sporomusa known as Gram Negative bacteria and Clostridium and Bacillus as Gram Positive bacteria. In Gram Positive bacteria, especially Bacillus sp, carboxyl group in peptidoglycan play a role as metal binder. In Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is highly anionic component on the outer membrane, able to catch the Zn. Besides that, Enterobacter activates endogen antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The research found there was possible seven novel indigenous bacteria species in Banger that able to remove Zn from the sediment extremely. This finding can be developed as an eco-friendly approach to reduce metals pollution using local microorganisms.

scholarly journals Lipid Segregation Explains Selective Toxicity of a Series of Fragments Derived from the Human Cathelicidin LL-37

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 3705-3714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel F. Epand ◽  
Guangshun Wang ◽  
Bob Berno ◽  
Richard M. Epand
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Selective Toxicity ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membranes ◽  
Anionic Lipids ◽  
Active Segment

ABSTRACT The only human cathelicidin, the 37-residue peptide LL-37, exhibits antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. We studied the ability of several fragments of LL-37, exhibiting different antimicrobial activities, to interact with membranes whose compositions mimic the cytoplasmic membranes of gram-positive or of gram-negative bacteria. These fragments are as follows: KR-12, the smallest active segment of LL-37, with the sequence KRIVQRIKDFLR, which exhibits antimicrobial activity only against gram-negative bacteria; a slightly smaller peptide, RI-10, missing the two cationic residues at the N and C termini of KR-12, which has been shown not to have any antimicrobial activity; a longer peptide, GF-17, which shows antimicrobial activity against gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria; and GF-17D3, with 3 d-amino-acid residues, which is also selective only for gram-negative bacteria. Those fragments with the capacity to cluster anionic lipids away from zwitterionic lipids in a membrane exhibit selective toxicity toward bacteria containing zwitterionic as well as anionic lipids in their cytoplasmic membranes but not toward bacteria with only anionic lipids. This finding allows for the prediction of the bacterial-species selectivity of certain agents and paves the way for designing new antimicrobials targeted specifically toward gram-negative bacteria.

Ocena działania olejku majerankowego wobec bakterii beztlenowych

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kędzia ◽  
Andrzej W. Kędzia ◽  
Henry O. Meissner ◽  
Joanna Wiśniewska
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Tannerella Forsythia ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction. Sweet majoram (Origanum majorana L.), green plant from family Lamiaceae is common used in traditional medicine. Herba majoranae containing from 1 to 3.5% essential oil. The main components of the oil depend on the geographic origin of the plant and include: terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, terpinene, γ-terpinene, cis-sabinene hydrate, p-cymene, triterpenic acid, phenolic acid, flavonoids glycosides, tanins, diterpenoids and triterpenoids. The oil is used for treatment of lung diseases, spleen, kidneys, hepatitis, alimentary tract and headaches. It has antiemetic, anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria isolated from oral cavity to majoram oil. Material and methods. A total of 57 anaerobic bacteria belonging to the genus of Porphyromonas (4 strains), Prevotella (9), Bacteroides (11), Parabacteroides (1), Tannerella (2), Fusobacterium (7), 11 strains of Gram-positive cocci, 12 strains of Gram-positive rods and 6 reference strains were tested. Investigation was carried out using the plate dilution technique in Brucella agar supplemented with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemine. Inoculum containing 106 CFU per spot was seeded with Steers replicator upon the agar with various oil concentrations as well as upon that no majoram oil (Semifarm, Elbląg). The concentrations oil were: 0.06, 0.12, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml. The plate were incubated in anaerobic conditions, in anaerobic jars for 48 hours in 37°C. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was interpreted as the lowest concentrations oil inhibiting the growth of strains of anaerobes. Results and discussion. The results of investigations indicated that the from Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the genus of Bacteroides uniformis, Tannerella forsythia and Bacteroides vulgatus were the most susceptible to the essential oil (MIC <0.06-0.5 mg/ml). But the 89% strains from genus of Prevotella was sensitive to 2.0 mg/ml and more. Tested oil was less active against the strains from genera of Fusobacterium. MIC of the strains were in ranges 1.0-> 2.0 mg/ml. The rods from the genera Prevotella bivia, Prevotella buccalis, Prevotella loescheii, Bacteroides fragilis, Parabacteroides distasonis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were the lowest sensitive (MIC > 2.0 mg/ml). The oil was very active vs. Gram-positive cocci. MIC for 50% this strains was in ranges < 0.06-0.25 mg/ml. But the Gram-positive rods were less sensitive. The growth of the strains were inhibited by concentrations in ranges 1.0-> 2.0 mg/ml (without Actinomyces viscosus – MIC 1.0 mg/ml). It appears that Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria were more susceptible to majoram oil than Gram-negative rods. Conclusions. The most susceptible to majoram oil from Gram-negative bacteria were rods of Bacteroides uniformis, Tannerella forsythia and Bacteroides vulgatus. The oil was very active against Gram-positive cocci and rods. The Gram-negative anaerobes were less susceptible to majoram oil than Gram-positive anaerobes.

Gram staining v1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
lydiariver not provided
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Acetone Treatment ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Group B ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Gram staining is one of the first techniques used for the identification of group B Streptococcus agalactiae and one would expect to see gram-positive cocci under the microscope. The technique consists of applying a series of colorants and bleaches (acetone), which interact with the lipids of the membranes of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The cell walls of gram-positive organisms retain the dye after acetone treatment and appear purple in color, whereas gram-negative organisms become discolored after acetone treatment and appear pink.

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