scholarly journals Economic effects of climate change on global agricultural production

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 117-139
Author(s):  
Dániel Fróna ◽  
János Szenderák ◽  
Mónika Harangi-Rákos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Negative Effects

Climate change seems to be larger, more complex and more unpredictable than any other environmental problem. This review deals with the economic effects of climate change on global agricultural production. The causes and consequences of climate change are very diverse, while populations in low-income countries are increasingly exposed to its negative effects. Supplying the population with food is possible with increased agricultural production, but this often occurs under unsustainable circumstances. Increased agricultural production is also one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions. In this research we highlight some of the important connections between climate change, population growth and agricultural production.

scholarly journals Low-Carbon Quick Wins: Integrating Short-Term Sustainable Transport Options in Climate Policy in Low-Income Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakker ◽  
Haq ◽  
Peet ◽  
Gota ◽  
Medimorec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Change Strategies ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Gas Emissions

In low income countries (LICs) in Africa and Asia per capita transport greenhouse gas emissions are relatively low but are expected to grow. Therefore, a substantial reduction in projected increases is required to bring emissions in line with long-term global climate objectives. Literature on how LICs are integrating climate change mitigation and sustainable transport strategies is limited. Key drivers of transport policy include improving accessibility, congestion, air quality, energy security, with reducing greenhouse gas emissions being of lower priority. This paper assesses the current status, feasibility and potential of selected low-carbon transport measures with high sustainable development benefits that can be implemented in the short to medium term, so- called ‘quick wins’. It examines to what extent ten such quick wins are integrated in climate change strategies in nine low- and middle-income countries in Africa and South Asia. The research method comprises expert interviews, an online questionnaire survey of experts and policymakers in the focus countries, and a review of literature and government plans. Results indicate that sustainable urban transport policies and measures are considered high priority, with vehicle-related measures such as fuel quality and fuel economy standards and electric two- and three-wheelers being of key relevance. In existing national climate change strategies, these quick wins are integrated to a certain extent; however, with better coordination between transport and energy and environment agencies such strategies can be improved. A general conclusion of this paper is that for LICs, quick wins can connect a ‘top-down’ climate perspective with a ‘bottom-up’ transport sector perspective. A knowledge gap exists as to the mitigation potential and sustainable development benefits of these quick wins in the local context of LICs.

Climate Change in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-74
Author(s):  
Jameena Reynon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Impacts of Climate Change in the Philippines include threats to biodiversity such as coral loss, declining rice yields, more intense droughts, and higher sea-level rise. While there is a strong scientific consensus that human-caused greenhouse gas emissions are generating climate change that then contributes to stronger typhoons, the Filipinos have low responsibility for causing climate change. The struggle that is faced by the Philippines, as well as other developing countries, is more than just an environmental problem, it is an example of climate injustice.

scholarly journals Energy Analysis, and Carbon and Water Footprint for Environmentally Friendly Farming Practices in Agroecosystems and Agroforestry

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Platis ◽  
Christos Anagnostopoulos ◽  
Aggeliki Tsaboula ◽  
Georgios Menexes ◽  
Kiriaki Kalburtji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment Methodology ◽  
Gas Emissions

Agriculture accounts for 5% of the entire energy used worldwide. Most of it is not in a renewable form, so it can be linked to greenhouse gas emissions. According to the Paris Agreement, on climate change, one of its major targets is the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the agricultural production process must drastically change. Currently, the sustainable use of water is critical for any agricultural development. Agricultural production effects water quality and sufficiency, as well as, freshwater wetlands. Energy balance, carbon, and water footprint are crucial for sustainable agricultural production. Agroforestry systems are important in reducing high inputs of non-renewable energy and greenhouse gas emissions, along with better water use, leading to the most minimal influence on climate change. Energy analysis, carbon, and water footprint can be applied to agroforestry systems’ production. An outline could be applied by adopting a modified—for agricultural production—life cycle assessment methodology to assess energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and water consumption in agroforestry ecosystems.

scholarly journals Agricultural subsidies and global greenhouse gas emissions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Vos ◽  
David Laborde Debucquet ◽  
William Martin ◽  
Valeria Pineiro ◽  
Abdullah Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Global Emissions ◽  
Change Mitigation

Abstract Agricultural production is both strongly affected by climate change and a major contributor to climate change, with agriculture and land use change accounting for around a quarter of total global emissions of greenhouse gases. Agricultural production benefits from substantial government support, costing around US$600 billion per year worldwide. These subsidies clearly affect greenhouse gas emissions by influencing the composition and location of output, and production practices, but no rigorous quantification of these impacts have been available to date. This article fills this void. Overall, we find small impacts of agricultural support programs on output and hence on emissions. Abolishing support altogether thus would do little to reduce global emissions from agriculture. In fact, paradoxically, it could even increase emissions. A repurposing of support towards incentives for more resource-efficient and climate-smart forms of production needs to be considered if this support is to contribute to climate change mitigation, adaptation and food security.

scholarly journals Agricultural subsidies and global greenhouse gas emissions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Vos ◽  
David Laborde ◽  
William J. Martin ◽  
Valeria Pineiro ◽  
Abdullah Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Global Emissions ◽  
Change Mitigation

Abstract Agricultural production is both strongly affected by climate change and a major contributor to climate change, with agriculture and land use change accounting for around a quarter of total global emissions of greenhouse gases. Agricultural production benefits from substantial government support, costing around US$600 billion per year worldwide. These subsidies clearly affect greenhouse gas emissions by influencing the composition and location of output, and production practices, but no rigorous quantification of these impacts have been available to date. This article fills this void. Overall, we find small impacts of agricultural support programs on output and hence on emissions. Abolishing support altogether thus would do little to reduce global emissions from agriculture. In fact, paradoxically, it could even increase emissions. A repurposing of support towards incentives for more resource-efficient and climate-smart forms of production needs to be considered if this support is to contribute to climate change mitigation, adaptation and food security.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Household Waste in Denpasar City

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1750
Author(s):  
Made ARMADI ◽  
Wayan SUARNA ◽  
Made SUDARMA ◽  
Made Sudiana MAHENDRA ◽  
Nyoman SUDIPA
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Waste Sector

The increasing population growth and changing consumption patterns of the people have resulted in an increase in the volume, type and characteristics of waste. The rate of waste production continues to increase, not only in line with the rate of population growth but also in line with the increasing consumption patterns of society and the level of people's income. The solid waste sector is one of the sources of greenhouse gas emissions that is important to address because the decomposition of waste is a significant source of CH4 whose addition to the atmosphere contributes to climate change, so regional and national mitigation actions in the waste sector are very important. the increase in greenhouse gases caused by human activities in producing greenhouse gases is greater than the ability of the environment to repair itself. The greenhouse gas produced exceeds the ability of the environment to recycle so that greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere. The increase in emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O gases in the atmosphere causes various problems, including changes in the nature of the climate which have an impact on climate change. The problem of garbage in Denpasar City cannot be separated from various factors because Denpasar City is the capital of Bali Province, the center of education, the center of the economy and is one of the tourist destinations with a cultural perspective, resulting in a high population growth rate which has an impact on the volume of waste, one of which is household waste. Community behavior in managing household waste plays a role in causing greenhouse gas emissions, such as the act of burning garbage and littering. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the City of Denpasar are carried out through composting, reuse, reduce and recicle activities both at the community level and in landfills. Achievement of reducing greenhouse gas emissions based on mitigation actions in the domestic solid waste sub-sector in Denpasar City for the period 2010 to 2019 was 17.2 Gg CO2e with weighting of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from composting by 15.1 Gg CO2e and the rest from 3R activities of 2.1 Gg CO2e.

scholarly journals Life-history theory and climate change: resolving population and parental investment paradoxes

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 160470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Caudell ◽  
Robert Quinlan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Parental Investment ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Psychological Mechanism

Population growth in the next half-century is on pace to raise global carbon emissions by half. Carbon emissions are associated with fertility as a by-product of somatic and parental investment, which is predicted to involve time orientation/preference as a mediating psychological mechanism. Here, we draw upon life-history theory (LHT) to investigate associations between future orientation and fertility, and their impacts on carbon emissions. We argue ‘ K -strategy’ life history (LH) in high-income countries has resulted in parental investment behaviours involving future orientation that, paradoxically, promote unsustainable carbon emissions, thereby lowering the Earth's K or carrying capacity. Increasing the rate of approach towards this capacity are ‘ r -strategy’ LHs in low-income countries that promote population growth. We explore interactions between future orientation and development that might slow the rate of approach towards global K . Examination of 67 000 individuals across 75 countries suggests that future orientation interacts with the relationship between environmental risk and fertility and with development related parental investment, particularly investment in higher education, to slow population growth and mitigate per capita carbon emissions. Results emphasize that LHT will be an important tool in understanding the demographic and consumption patterns that drive anthropogenic climate change.

scholarly journals Promoting Renewable Energy to Cope with Climate Change—Policy Discourse in Israel

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3170
Author(s):  
Avri Eitan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Change Mitigation

Evidence shows that global climate change is increasing over time, and requires the adoption of a variety of coping methods. As an alternative for conventional electricity systems, renewable energies are considered to be an important policy tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and therefore, they play an important role in climate change mitigation strategies. Renewable energies, however, may also play a crucial role in climate change adaptation strategies because they can reduce the vulnerability of energy systems to extreme events. The paper examines whether policy-makers in Israel tend to focus on mitigation strategies or on adaptation strategies in renewable energy policy discourse. The results indicate that despite Israel’s minor impact on global greenhouse gas emissions, policy-makers focus more on promoting renewable energies as a climate change mitigation strategy rather than an adaptation strategy. These findings shed light on the important role of international influence—which tends to emphasize mitigation over adaptation—in motivating the domestic policy discourse on renewable energy as a coping method with climate change.

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