scholarly journals Application of spiking neural networks for modelling the process of high-temperature hydrogen production in systems with gas-cooled reactors *

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Sergey O, Starkov ◽  
Yury N, Lavrenkov
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Energy Source ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Water Steam

Hydrogen energy is able to solve the problem of the dependence of modern industries on fossil fuels and significantly reduce the amount of harmful emissions. One of the ways to produce hydrogen is high-temperature water-steam electrolysis. Increasing the temperature of the steam involved in electrolysis makes the process more efficient. The key problem is the use of a reliable heat energy source capable of reaching high temperatures. High-temperature gas-cooled reactors with a gaseous coolant and a graphite moderator provide a solution to the problem of heating the electrolyte. Part of the heat energy is used for producing electrical energy required for electrolysis. Modern electrolyzers built as arrays of tubular or planar electrolytic cells with a nuclear energy source make it possible to produce hydrogen by decomposing water molecules, and the working temperature control leads to a decrease in the Nernst potential. The operation of such facilities is complicated by the need to determine the optimal parameters of the electrolysis cell, the steam flow rate, and the operating current density. To reduce the costs associated with the process optimization, it is proposed to use a low-temperature electrolysis system controlled by a spiking neural network. The results confirm the effectiveness of intelligent technologies that implement adaptive control of hybrid modeling processes in order to organize the most feasible hydrogen production in a specific process, the parameters of which can be modified depending on the specific use of the reactor thermal energy. In addition, the results of the study confirm the feasibility of using a combined functional structure made on the basis of spiking neurons to correct the parameters of the developed electrolytic system. The proposed simulation strategy can significantly reduce the consumption of computational resources in comparison with models based only on neural network prediction methods.

scholarly journals The contribution of bioethanol to sustainable development in Serbia

2013 ◽  
pp. 397-404
Author(s):  
Stevan Popov ◽  
Sinisa Dodic ◽  
Damjan Vucurovic ◽  
Jelena Dodic ◽  
Jovana Grahovac
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
The Republic

The pollution caused by the use of fossil fuels for the production of mechanical or electrical energy is one of the most important environmental issues nowa?days. In this respect, biofuels represent a viable source of energy. Bioethanol as a renewable energy source is derived from organic material of plant origin, so-called biomass, thus reducing environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential of bioethanol in meeting future energy demands in the Republic of Serbia.

scholarly journals Different forms of hydrogen production: a review and future perspectives

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Grazielle Cristina de Araujo ◽  
Jair Antonio Cruz Siqueira ◽  
Loreci Zanardini ◽  
João Felipe Peixoto Marques ◽  
Rafaela Lazzarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Biohydrogen Production ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Clean Energy Source

There was a significant increase in the concern with climate issues, among them highlighted as the derivation of greenhouse gases from the burning fossil fuels, leading several research centers and researchers to seek new sources of less polluting energy, independent of the burn-based matrix of fuels. In this context, the present work has as main presenter a literature review, perspective and comparisons regarding the use of hydrogen as a clean energy source, presenting three main ways of obtaining it: a) through electrolysis using renewable sources; b) biohydrogen production, based on the photosynthesis of plants and algae; c) production through biodigesters.

scholarly journals Hydrogen: Technologies, Policies and Challenges

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Lu Cheng Ji ◽  
Bo Jin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Social And Economic Development

Hydrogen energy has been considered as a clean alternative energy source substituting fossil fuels. Many countries consider it as the ultimate solution to the energy and environmental problems, even draw up the blueprint of “hydrogen economy” and heavily invest for research and development. However, after decades of research, the hydrogen energy technologies are still being prospective and explored, and haven’t been put into large scale production by now. This article begins with expatiation on the essence of hydrogen energy, makes analysis of various big challenges for hydrogen energy technologies, and reaches the conclusion that we should hold the rational and cautious attitude towards hydrogen energy source because the transition to hydrogen economy of unclear prospect must pay a very high cost, which is unbearable for the social and economic development status of developing countries.

scholarly journals Bioelectricity Production Using Microbial Fuel Cell–a Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9420-9431
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Microbial Electrolysis Cell ◽  
The Past ◽  
Detailed Explanation

This paper summarised different methods used for the electrical power generation using microorganisms in MFC. In the past decade, Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) attracted many researchers due to their ability to convert organic waste into electric currents by the usage of microorganisms. It has been developing as a great source of renewable energy. This device makes use of simple cathode and anode compartments and a separating membrane. This can be efficiently used for power generations and wastewater treatments. Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC), a type of MFC is also used in generating Hydrogen energy from various biological matters. The performance of MFC totally depends upon the nature of microorganisms, electrodes selected, and the separating membarane used. MFCs serve as a sustainable and alternate energy source to reduce the pollution caused by industrialization. In this review, a detailed explanation about MFC and different ways of generating bioelectricity and hydrogen from wastewater treatment are explained.

Evaluation of low-cost cathode catalysts for high yield biohydrogen production in microbial electrolysis cell

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wang ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
Y. Ye ◽  
B. Lu ◽  
S. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Production Rate ◽  
Hydrogen Recovery ◽  
Microbial Electrolysis

As an ideal fuel due to the advantages of no pollution, high combustion heat and abundant sources, hydrogen gas can be produced from organic matter through the electrohydrogenesis process in microbial electrolysis cells. But in many MECs, platinum is often used as catalyst, which limits the practical applications of MECs. To reduce the cost of the MECs, Ni-based alloy cathodes were developed by electrodepositing. In this paper hydrogen production using Ni-W-P cathode was studied for the first time in a single-chamber membrane-free MEC. At an applied voltage of 0.9 V, MECs with Ni-W-P cathodes obtained a hydrogen production rate of 1.09 m3/m3/day with an cathodic hydrogen recovery of 74%, a Coulombic efficiency of 56% and an electrical energy efficiency relative to electrical input of 139%, which was the best result of reports in this study. The Ni-W-P cathode demonstrated a better electrocatalytic activity than the Ni-Ce-P cathode and achieved a comparable performance to the Pt cathode in terms of hydrogen production rate, Coulombic efficiency, cathodic hydrogen recovery and electrical energy efficiency at 0.9 V.

scholarly journals Technoeconomic analysis of High Temperature Reactors for industrial applications in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 2048 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
B Chmielarz ◽  
A Bredimas ◽  
C Herpson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Technoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
High Temperature Steam

Abstract The paper analyses Polish industrial energy market requirements and the economic boundary conditions of for High Temperature Reactor (HTR)-based hybrid energy systems for electricity, heat, and hydrogen production. The Polish industry suffers from high imported gas prices and high dependence on domestic coal sector. Most industrial coal boilers are ageing and will need replacement within two decades. Increasing emission prices will soon cripple the profitability of coal in favour of natural gas and leave an opening for HTRs. HTRs can be competitive for both heat and electricity generation if used at load factors above 90% and constructed within budget and on time. The competitiveness of HTRs grows further with rising fossil fuels and CO2 emission prices. For industrial hydrogen, steam methane reforming (SMR) is competitive against any other alternative. Large-scale hydrogen production with HTR-based Sulphur Iodine cycle may compete with SMR if capital and operational costs can be decreased. High temperature steam electrolysis requires more durable materials and lower capital cost. Electrolysis, given its relatively low CAPEX and scalability, can be competitive when electricity is cheap as a result of over-production from intermittent power capacities. Other fossil-based hydrogen production methods appear more costly and CO2-intensive than SMR. The study was done as a part of the GEMINI+ project.

scholarly journals Large Scale Hydrogen Production From Nuclear Energy Using High Temperature Electrolysis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
High Temperature Electrolysis

Hydrogen can be produced from water splitting with relatively high efficiency using high-temperature electrolysis. This technology makes use of solid-oxide cells, running in the electrolysis mode to produce hydrogen from steam, while consuming electricity and high-temperature process heat. When coupled to an advanced high temperature nuclear reactor, the overall thermal-to-hydrogen efficiency for high-temperature electrolysis can be as high as 50%, which is about double the overall efficiency of conventional low-temperature electrolysis. Current large-scale hydrogen production is based almost exclusively on steam reforming of methane, a method that consumes a precious fossil fuel while emitting carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Demand for hydrogen is increasing rapidly for refining of increasingly low-grade petroleum resources, such as the Athabasca oil sands and for ammonia-based fertilizer production. Large quantities of hydrogen are also required for carbon-efficient conversion of biomass to liquid fuels. With supplemental nuclear hydrogen, almost all of the carbon in the biomass can be converted to liquid fuels in a nearly carbon-neutral fashion. Ultimately, hydrogen may be employed as a direct transportation fuel in a “hydrogen economy.” The large quantity of hydrogen that would be required for this concept should be produced without consuming fossil fuels or emitting greenhouse gases. An overview of the high-temperature electrolysis technology will be presented, including basic theory, modeling, and experimental activities. Modeling activities include both computational fluid dynamics and large-scale systems analysis. We have also demonstrated high-temperature electrolysis in our laboratory at the 15 kW scale, achieving a hydrogen production rate in excess of 5500 L/hr.

F-MaMcDm: Sustainable Green-Based Hydrogen Production Technology Roadmap Using Fuzzy Multi-Aspect Multi-Criteria Decision-Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (08) ◽  
pp. 1950057
Author(s):  
Behnoosh Matani ◽  
Babak Shirazi ◽  
Javad Soltanzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Technology Roadmap ◽  
Production Technologies

In recent years, with increasing demand for fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions, acid rains, and air pollution have increased. These issues have encouraged industries to replace the existing fossil fuel system by the hydrogen energy system which is a clean energy carrier. Replacing hydrogen in the future energy systems needs a dynamic and flexible strategic tool for planning and management. Roadmapping tool is a strategic choice for supporting technology management in long-term planning and under the fast-changing environment in manufacturing technologies. This study tackles a novel methodology that considers the uncertainties and linguistic assessments for developing a green-based hydrogen production technology roadmap considering concurrent multi-layered aspects. The aim of this paper is to develop a dynamic and flexible technology roadmap using a combination of the classical roadmapping method with a novel fuzzy multi-aspect multi-criteria decision-making approach (F-MaMcDm). This study represents a quantitative paradigm to roadmapping instead of conventional descriptive “when and how” paradigm. The F-MaMcDm classifies sustainable green-based hydrogen production technologies considering four comprehensive aspects (technical, socio-political, environmental and economic) and criteria relevant to the aspects. The results show that biomass gasification is the first technology to be prioritized followed by other green-based hydrogen production technologies in a long time.

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