scholarly journals 16Cr-19Ni steel swelling at dose rates from 1×10-8 to 1.6×10-6 dpa/s

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-252
Author(s):  
Evgeny A. Kinev
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Dose Accumulation ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Swelling Rate ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing ◽  
Weighing Method ◽  
Material Swelling ◽  
Characteristic Maximum

The article presents the first data on EK-164ID steel swelling after operational irradiation in a fast nuclear reactor in the temperature range of 370–630 °C and maximum damaging doses of 66–77 dpa. The dose accumulation rate along the cladding tubes made of this material was 1×10-8–1.6×10-6 dpa/s. The swelling was determined by the hydrostatic weighing method with an error of no more than 0.5%. The results obtained were analyzed depending on the irradiation parameters and in comparison with the 16Cr-15Ni grade material. The objectives of the study were to estimate the characteristic values of the maximum swelling temperature and dose as well as to calculate the average material swelling rate at the working temperature of irradiation, the incubation period for the onset of swelling, and the stationary swelling rate. It was found that the tube samples, characterized with austenite grain sizes of 9–12 µm before irradiation, have an average swelling rate of 0.035–0.05 %/dpa after reaching the maximum damaging doses of 66–77 dpa (at a rate of (1–1.5)×10-6 dpa/s) and not more than 0.035%/dpa at doses less than 20 dpa (at a rate of 5×10-7 dpa/s). The characteristic maximum swelling temperature of the studied material is in the range of 430–500 °C. The characteristic maximum swelling dose is in the range of 61–72.5 dpa or 70–80% of the maximum accumulated dose. The incubation stationary swelling period for the material is 30 dpa. The stationary swelling rate is 0.1% /dpa. The radiation resistance characteristics of the studied material have an advantage over those for 16Cr-15Ni grade cladding materials under similar irradiation conditions and a similar structural state, which inherits grain sizes of 9–14 μm during the tube processing.

Error determination of hidden flows by hydrostatic weighing in parts obtained by casting

2020 ◽  
pp. 339-342
Author(s):  
M.S. Razumov ◽  
P.V. Glazkov ◽  
V.S. Kochergin ◽  
A.S. Byshkin
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Casting Defects ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Error Determination ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing ◽  
Weighing Method ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing Method

The existing methods for detecting of casting defects and their disadvantages are considered. Hydrostatic weighing method is proposed for detecting of hidden fl aws by comparing the reference and calculated densities of the casting, method for calculating of the error is recommended. The adequacy of theoretical calculations is verifi ed experimentally

TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON DENSITY AND VISCOSITY OF LIGHT, MEDIUM, AND HEAVY CRUDE OILS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sagdeev ◽  
◽  
Ch. Isyanov ◽  
I Gabitov ◽  
V Khairutdinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing ◽  
Weighing Method ◽  
Light Medium ◽  
Measured Density

The density and dynamic viscosity of four light, medium, and heavy (extra-viscous) crude oil samples from Tatarstan Oil Field (Russian Federation) have been measured over the temperature range from (293 to 473) K (for density) and from (293 to 348) K (for viscosity) at atmospheric pressure (101 kPa). The density measurements were made using a new densimeter based on hydrostatic weighing method. The viscosity measurements of the same crude oil samples were made us-ing Brookfield rotational viscometer (DV-II+PRO, LVD-II+PRO). The combined expanded uncertainty of the density, viscosity, atmospheric pressure, and temperature measurements at 0.95 confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.16 %, 1.0 %, 1.0 %, and 20 mK, respectively. For validation of the reliability and accuracy of the measured density data and correct operation of the new densimeter, all oil samples were measured using the pycnometric method. The present study showed that the densities measured using the new hydrostatic weighing densimeter (HWD) are agree with the values obtained with pycnometric method within (0.03 to 0.14) %. The measured density and viscosity data were used to develop widerange correlations as a function of temperature and API characteristics. The measured densities were represented using simple function of temperature (polynomial type) with API gravity dependent parameters with an accuracy of AAD within from (0.10 to 0.18) %. The measured viscosity data were also used to develop linear Arrhenius and VTF models. API gravity dependence of the Arrhenius parameters was studied.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF RADIATION DOSE RATE OF RSG-GAS REACTOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hamzah ◽  
Hery Adrial ◽  
Subiharto Subiharto
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Radiation Dose Rate ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Limit Value

EVALUATION OF RADIATION DOSE RATE OF RSG-GAS REACTOR. The RSG-GAS reactor has been operated for 30 years. Since the nuclear reactor has been operated for a long time, aging process on its components may occur. One important parameter for maintaining the safety level of the RSG-GAS reactor is to maintain radiation exposure as low as possible, especially in the working area. The evaluation results should be able to demonstrate that the radiation exposure of the RSG-GAS is still safe for workers, communities and the surrounding environments. The purpose of this study is to evaluate radiation exposure in the working area to ensure that the operation of RSG-GAS is still safe for the next 10 years. The scope of this work is confirming the calculation results with the measured radiation dose in the RSG-GAS reactor working area. Measurement of radiation exposure is done by using the installed equipments at some points in the RSG-GAS working area and a portable radiation exposure measurement equipment. The calculations include performance of a modeling and analysis of dose rate distribution based on the composition and geometry data of RSG-GAS by using MCNP.  The analysis results show that the maximum dose rate at Level 0 m working area of RSG-GAS reactor is 3.0 mSv/h with a deviation of 6%, which is relatively close to the measurement value. The evaluation results show that the dose rate in RSG-GAS working area is below the limit value established by the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency of Indonesia (BAPETEN) of 10 mSv/h (for the average effective dose of 20 mSv/year). Therefore, it is concluded that the dose rate in RSG-GAS working area is safe for personnel..Kata kunci: dose rates, RSG-GAS, radiation safety, MCNP.

scholarly journals ПОЛІМЕР-ПОЛІМЕРНИЙ КОМПОЗИТ НА ОСНОВІ ВІДХОДІВ ЗШИТОГО ЕТИЛЕНВІНІЛАЦЕТАТУ

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Б. П. Савчук ◽  
Б. М. Савченко ◽  
Н. В. Сова ◽  
І. М. Костюк
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Capillary Viscometer ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing ◽  
Weighing Method ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing Method

Development of technology for the processing of cross liked EVA waste, followed by the use of polymer / polymer composite PVC / EVA as a filler. Method. The determination of the MFI was carried out in accordance with ISO 1133: 1997 on a capillary viscometer of constant pressure at a temperature of (190 ± 0,5) ° С and a weight of 2,16 kg. The thermostability  and  melting  point  are  determined  using  the  RM-200C  Hapro  rheometer  plastograph.  The mechanical properties were determined on a bursting machine according to the ASTM D638. Hardness - using  a  hard-gauge  with  a  Shore-D  scale,  the  density  by  hydrostatic  weighing  method  on  the  analytical scales RADWAG AS-X2.

scholarly journals Microwave Emission From Snow and Glacier Ice

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (74) ◽  
pp. 23-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.C. Chang ◽  
P. Gloersen ◽  
T. Schmugge ◽  
T.T. Wilheit ◽  
H.J. Zwally
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Mie Scattering ◽  
Microwave Emission ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Two Parameters

AbstractThe microwave emission from a model snow field, consisting of randomly spaced ice spheres which scatter independently, is calculated. Mie scattering and radiative transfer theory are applied in a manner similar to that used in calculating microwave and optical properties of clouds. The extinction coefficient is computed as a function of both microwave wavelength and ice-particle radius. Volume scattering by the individual ice particles in the snow field significantly decreases the computed emission for particle radii greater than a few hundredths of the microwave wavelength. Since the mean annual temperature and the accumulation rate of dry polar firn mainly determine the grain sizes upon which the microwave emission depends, these two parameters account for the main features of the 1.55 cm emission observed from Greenland and Antarctica with the Nimbus-5 scanning radiometer. For snow particle sizes normally encountered, most of the calculated radiation emanates from a layer on the order of 10 m in thickness at a wavelength of 2.8 cm, and less at shorter wavelengths. A marked increase in emission from wet versus dry snow is predicted, a result which is consistent with observations. The model results indicate that the characteristic grain sizes in the radiating layers, dry-firn accumulation rales, areas of summer melting, and physical temperatures, can be determined from multispectral microwave observations.

scholarly journals Microwave Emission From Snow and Glacier Ice

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (74) ◽  
pp. 23-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.C. Chang ◽  
P. Gloersen ◽  
T. Schmugge ◽  
T.T. Wilheit ◽  
H.J. Zwally
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Mie Scattering ◽  
Microwave Emission ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Two Parameters

AbstractThe microwave emission from a model snow field, consisting of randomly spaced ice spheres which scatter independently, is calculated. Mie scattering and radiative transfer theory are applied in a manner similar to that used in calculating microwave and optical properties of clouds. The extinction coefficient is computed as a function of both microwave wavelength and ice-particle radius. Volume scattering by the individual ice particles in the snow field significantly decreases the computed emission for particle radii greater than a few hundredths of the microwave wavelength. Since the mean annual temperature and the accumulation rate of dry polar firn mainly determine the grain sizes upon which the microwave emission depends, these two parameters account for the main features of the 1.55 cm emission observed from Greenland and Antarctica with the Nimbus-5 scanning radiometer. For snow particle sizes normally encountered, most of the calculated radiation emanates from a layer on the order of 10 m in thickness at a wavelength of 2.8 cm, and less at shorter wavelengths. A marked increase in emission from wet versus dry snow is predicted, a result which is consistent with observations. The model results indicate that the characteristic grain sizes in the radiating layers, dry-firn accumulation rales, areas of summer melting, and physical temperatures, can be determined from multispectral microwave observations.

scholarly journals Martian sub-surface ionising radiation: biosignatures and geology

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 455-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Dartnell ◽  
L. Desorgher ◽  
J. M. Ward ◽  
A. J. Coates
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Field ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Cellular Survival ◽  
Dose Accumulation ◽  
Global Magnetic Field ◽  
Absorbed Radiation Dose ◽  
Shielding Material

Abstract. The surface of Mars, unshielded by thick atmosphere or global magnetic field, is exposed to high levels of cosmic radiation. This ionizing radiation field is deleterious to the survival of dormant cells or spores and the persistence of molecular biomarkers in the subsurface, and so its characterisation is of prime astrobiological interest. Previous research has attempted to address the question of biomarker persistence by inappropriately using dose profiles weighted specifically for cellular survival. Here, we present modelling results of the unmodified physically absorbed radiation dose as a function of depth through the Martian subsurface. A second major implementation of this dose accumulation rate data is in application of the optically stimulated luminescence technique for dating Martian sediments. We present calculations of the dose-depth profile from galactic cosmic rays in the Martian subsurface for various scenarios: variations of surface composition (dry regolith, ice, layered permafrost), solar minimum and maximum conditions, locations of different elevation (Olympus Mons, Hellas basin, datum altitude), and increasing atmospheric thickness over geological history. We also model the changing composition of the subsurface radiation field with depth compared between Martian locations with different shielding material, determine the relative dose contributions from primaries of different energies, and briefly treat particle deflection by the crustal magnetic fields.

scholarly journals Acurácia de índices alternativos para avaliar o estado nutricional de homens e mulheres

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Guilherme Adroaldo Moraes Pereira ◽  
Silvana Corrêa Matheus ◽  
Diego Rodrigo Both ◽  
Mauri Schwanck Behenck
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Fat Mass Index ◽  
Good Evaluation ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing ◽  
Weighing Method ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing Method

A good evaluation of the nutritional status requires knowledge on body composition, casting doubts on the accuracy of some indexes. herefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the accuracy of the following nutritional status indexes: Body Mass Index (BMI), BMI elevated to 2.5 (BMI2.5), Fat Mass Index (FMI) and BMI adjusted for fat mass (BMIfat). Participated of this study 280 subjects (aged 17-48 years), from which the results of BMI, BMI2.5, FMI and BMIfat indexes were analyzed, having the Hydrostatic Weighing method as reference. FMI presented the highest concordance value, but classiied as discrete (k=0.21). he other indexes presented small concordance with results of the reference method (k<0.20). In conclusion, none of the indexes investigated has good accuracy in assessing the nutritional status of the study group, considering that, although they show results of correlation with the reference method, they do not reach the minimum agreement criterion.

scholarly journals Density of Single Crystals of Ice from a Temperate Glacier

1955 ◽  
Vol 2 (18) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Butkovich
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing ◽  
Weighing Method ◽  
Error Computation ◽  
Crystal Aggregate ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing Method

AbstractDensity of single crystals of ice from the Mendenhall Glacier near Juneau, Alaska, a temperate glacier, was determined by the hydrostatic weighing method. It was found that the densities of single crystals are slightly but measurably variable from one crystal to another. The values range from a minimum of 0.91712 gm./cm.3 to a maximum of 0.91728 gm./cm.3, when corrected for −3.5° C., for the eight crystals measured. Any imperfections such as Tyndall figures (hexagonal prismatic voids) were immediately evident in the density determinations, and correction for these imperfections give a corrected density essentially the same as that of clear specimens. Two clear crystal aggregate specimens tested had a lower density than the pure single ice crystals. An error computation gives the value of the estimated maximum error of the density determinations as ±2.1×10−5 gm./cm.3.

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