scholarly journals Integrative diagnosis, biological observations, and histopathology of the fig cyst nematode Heterodera fici Kirjanova (1954) associated with Ficus carica L. in southern Italy

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Fanelli ◽  
Alessio Vovlas ◽  
Simona Santoro ◽  
Alberto Troccoli ◽  
Giuseppe Lucarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Public Gardens ◽  
Apulia Region ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
Rrna Sequences

Morpho-biological notes and histopathology, based on LM and SEM observations, of the fig cyst nematode Heteroderafici isolated from Ficuscarica roots, collected in home and public gardens of Apulia region, southern Italy, are described and illustrated. Seventy-five localities throughout the Apulia region were sampled and one-quarter of the sampled localities had fig roots infested with H.fici, with population densities ranging from 44 to 180 cysts/100 ml of soil. All attempts to detect H.fici on ornamental Ficus spp. as well as on imported bonsai in Italy were unsuccessful. Morphometric characters of the Italian population conform to those of the type and re-description populations reported for H.fici. Molecular analysis using ITS, D2–D3 expansion domains of the 28S rRNA, and the partial 18S rRNA sequences of H.fici newly obtained in this study matched well with the corresponding sequences of H.fici present in the GenBank database. Phylogenetic trees confirmed and supported the grouping of H.fici in the Humuli group. Heteroderafici completes its embryogenic development in 14–16 days at 25 °C. Post-invasion development and maturity in the roots of F.carica seedlings is completed in 64–68 days at 25–28 °C with juveniles and adults showing different parasitic habits, being endoparasitic and semi-endoparasitic respectively. The establishment of permanent feeding sites that consist of the formation of large syncytia causes anatomical modification of vascular elements and general disorder in the root stelar structures. Syncytia structures associated with mature females showed different degrees of vacuolisation, numbers of syncytial cells, and contained nuclei and nucleoli which were constantly hypertrophied.

Phylogenetic relationships of Cacopaurus pestis Thorne, 1943 within representatives of the Tylenchulidae Skarbilovich, 1947 as inferred from ITS and D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S-rRNA sequences

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 971-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abas Mokaram Hesar ◽  
Akbar Karegar ◽  
Reza Ghaderi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Stylet Length ◽  
Ectoparasitic Nematodes ◽  
North Western ◽  
Rrna Sequences

Summary The Persian sessile nematode (Cacopaurus pestis) and pin nematodes (Paratylenchus spp.) are sedentary ectoparasitic nematodes associated with many plant species worldwide. In this study, we provide morphological and molecular characterisation of seven populations of C. pestis and eight species of Paratylenchus recovered from north-western Iran. A total of 26 new sequences of D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA and ITS rRNA were obtained and used to reconstruct phylogenetic trees. Results of phylogenetic analyses revealed that the subfamilies of Tylenchulidae form well-separated clades, but that the genera Cacopaurus and Paratylenchus (= Gracilacus) in the subfamily Paratylenchinae are clustered in one clade. It appears that the previously used character of “stylet length greater than 40 μm” is not homologous and evolved more than once within the Paratylenchinae.

Integrative taxonomy of the willow cyst nematode, Heterodera salixophila Kirjanova, 1969, a new record of the Humuli group from Iran

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Younes Rezaee Danesh ◽  
Abbas Mokaram Hesar ◽  
Reza Ghaderi
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Salix Babylonica

Summary Whilst investigating plant-parasitic nematodes in Urmia City, West Azerbaijan, Iran, soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of willow trees (Salix babylonica) known to have a population of cyst nematodes. Morphological, numerical and molecular approaches revealed that this population represented the willow cyst nematode, Heterodera salixophila, the first report of this species from Iran. Reproduction of the nematode on S. babylonica was confirmed by inoculating 5000 viable eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) per kg soil on 2-year-old seedlings of S. babylonica grown in pots containing sterilised soil and incubated under glasshouse conditions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis of morphometric characters of J2 and vulval plates of species within the Humuli group supported the separation of H. salixophila from other species in this group. In the ITS-rRNA phylogenetic tree, the Iranian population of H. salixophila formed a cluster with two other populations of the species from Belgium and Ukraine, while in the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA tree, it grouped with a population from Belgium as a basal clade in the Humuli group.

Asian Betylobraconinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with description of a new genus and phylogenetic affinities of the tribe Facitorini

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Sáez ◽  
Kaoru Maeto ◽  
Alejandro Zaldivar-Riverón ◽  
Sergey Belokobylskij
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Rrna Sequences

AbstractThe taxonomy of the Asian genera of the subfamily Betylobraconinae, a small and understudied group within the hymenopteran family Braconidae, is revised. A new genus exclusively from the Asian region, Asiabregma gen. nov., containing three species (A. ryukyuensis sp. nov. (type species, Japan and Malaya), A. makiharai sp. nov. (Japan) and A. sulaensis (van Achterberg), comb. nov. (Indonesia)) is described. One new species of Aulosaphobracon, A. striatus sp. nov. from Vietnam, and one of Facitorus, F. amamioshimus sp. nov. from Japan, are also described. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses using COI mtDNA and 28S rRNA sequences, the three genera previously placed in the tribe Facitorini, Facitorus, Conobregma and Jannya, together with Asiabregma gen. nov., are transferred to the rogadine tribe Yeliconini.

scholarly journals An Integrated Control Plan in Primary Schools: Results of a Field Investigation on Nutritional and Hygienic Features in the Apulia Region (Southern Italy)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3006
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Marcotrigiano ◽  
Giacomo Domenico Stingi ◽  
Simona Fregnan ◽  
Pantaleo Magarelli ◽  
Pietro Pasquale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Apulia Region ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Data concerning overweight and obesity in children and adolescent populations are alarming and represent one of the most serious public health problems of our time. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the school environment may play an important role in health promotion with regard to nutritional aspects. This article reports the results of a study conducted in the Apulia region (Southern Italy), aimed at providing an integrated surveillance of the behaviors related to nutrition habits in students and the hygienic and nutritional conditions of the school’s canteens attended by enrolled students. To this purpose, a sample of 501 students attending primary school (third class—children approximately eight years old) replied to a validated questionnaire, and official controls (OC), of both food and nutritional safety, were performed in 22 primary schools. A team of healthcare professionals carried out the study, and the implementation of all the prescribed improvement actions were subsequently verified through follow-up OC. The results of our study show a critical situation in the student sample, with 41.3% of children having a weight excess (overweight or obesity). With regard to the children’s behaviors, only 59.8% of children ate at least one fruit or had a fruit juice for breakfast, and 10.8% did not have breakfast at all. Overall, 40.1% of the total children played outdoors the afternoon before the survey and 45% reported going to school on foot or by bicycle. During the afternoon, 83.5% of the sample watched television or used video games/tablets/mobile phones, while 42.3% played sports. The schools had an internal canteen with on-site preparation of meals in 36.4%, the remaining 63.6% received meals from external food establishments. With regard to OC, for the hygienic–sanitary section, eleven prescriptions were issued, in the great part related to the structure and organization of the canteen. For the nutritional section, nine corrective actions were prescribed, mainly related to official documents and management. The follow-up OC showed that all prescriptions were subsequently addressed. Eating at school was less frequent among obese and overweight students compared with those with normal weight. Although this evidence needs to be further confirmed, it highlights the potential role that the school canteens may play in health promotion and prevention of nutritional disorders. On the other hand, in order to fulfill its health promotion task, the school canteens have to comply with official regulations and guidelines; therefore, OC during the management of the food service at school are needed.

Molecular and morphometric characterisation of Xiphinema globosum Sturhan, 1978 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Spain

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Landa ◽  
Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete ◽  
Juan Palomares-Rius ◽  
Pablo Castillo ◽  
Carlos Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Matrix Representation ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Parsimony Method ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Supertree Method ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractDuring a recent nematode survey in natural environments of the Los Alcornocales Regional Park narrow valleys, viz., the renowned 'canutos' excavated in the mountains that maintain a humid microclimate, in southern Spain, an amphimictic population of Xiphinema globosum was identified. Morphological and morphometric studies on this population fit the original and previous descriptions and represent the first report from Spain and southern Europe. Molecular characterisation of X. globosum from Spain using D2-D3 expansion regions of 28S rRNA, 18S rRNA and ITS1-rRNA is provided and maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analysis were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within X. globosum and other Xiphinema species. A supertree solution of the different phylogenetic trees obtained in this study and in other published studies using rDNA genes are presented using the matrix representation parsimony method (MRP) and the most similar supertree method (MSSA). The results revealed a closer phylogenetic relationship of X. globosum with X. diversicaudatum, X. bakeri and with some sequences of unidentified Xiphinema spp. deposited in GenBank.

Diaphanocephalus galeatus (Nematoda: Diaphanocephalidae), a poorly known parasite of lizards: redescription, first genetic characterization and a revision of its congeners from Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (05) ◽  
pp. 629-635
Author(s):  
F.B. Pereira ◽  
V.L. Ferreira ◽  
W.M. Tomas ◽  
C. Elisei ◽  
F. Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Buccal Capsule ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
First Time

AbstractDiaphanocephalus galeatus collected from the small intestine of the lizard Dracaena paraguayensis in the Pantanal wetlands, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, is redescribed. Genetic characterization and observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed for the first time. The vouchers of D. galeatus and the type specimens of its congeners, deposited in the Coleção Helmintológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (CHIOC), were consulted. Light and SEM observations revealed several undescribed features of D. galeatus, i.e. structure of the cephalic end and of the buccal capsule, position and morphology of deirids, presence of phasmids in females and presence of unpaired papilla on the membranous projection that covers the genital cone in males. After observation of the specimens deposited in the helminthological collection, D. jacuruxi is considered a synonym of D. galeatus, and D. diesingi, despite its incomplete description, is tentatively retained as valid due to the poor condition of the type material. The results also indicated low host specificity of D. galeatus, contradicting previous assertions. Genetic comparisons using patristic distances and phylogenetic trees generated from sequences of the 28S rRNA nuclear gene indicated that D. galeatus is closer to the taxa within Ancylostomatoidea and Strongyloidea than any lineage of Metastrongyloidea or Trichostrongyloidea. However, most of the nodal supports were low. Based on the genetic and morphological characterization, the validity of D. galeatus was confirmed. These data may serve for further comparative approaches for different populations of the parasite, from different hosts in different geographical areas, mitigating taxonomic confusions.

Integrative description of Hypsibius repentinus sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae) from Sweden

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
D.V. Tumanov ◽  
G.S. Avdeeva
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Morphological Diagnosis ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Hypsibius Dujardini

A new species of tardigrade from the genus Hypsibius Ehrenberg, 1848 is described from the bottom sediments of a small lake in the central part of Scandinavian Peninsula (Sweden), using an integrative approach, i.e. morphological techniques (light and scanning electron microscopy) combined with a molecular analysis (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2 and COI markers). Hypsibius repentinus sp. nov. belongs to the Hypsibius dujardini species–group and differs from the most similar species of this group in having a second macroplacoid with a definite constriction and in some other morphometric characters. Morphological diagnosis for the Hypsibius dujardini species–group is proposed, and its composition is discussed.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Distolabrellus veechi (Rhabditida: Mesorhabditidae) from India

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman ◽  
Aashaq Hussain Bhat ◽  
Aasha ◽  
Ashok Kumar Chaubey ◽  
Joaquín Abolafia
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Soil Baiting ◽  
Its Rrna ◽  
First Time ◽  
Rrna Sequences

Summary A redescription of Distolabrellus veechi (Rhabditida: Mesorhabditidae) from agricultural soils in Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh, India, is provided. Specimens were extracted from soil using the Galleria soil baiting technique, with two strains of nematodes named JP1 and JP2 being obtained. Morphological and morphometric studies on the species agree well with previous records. Molecular analyses are provided using 18S, 28S and ITS rRNA sequences, the ITS sequences being obtained for the first time in this species. These analyses show that the material examined agrees well with previously studied populations. Phylogenetic analyses showed Distolabrellus to be the sister group of Crustorhabditis and Teratorhabditis, all having the male spicules fused for more than 50% of their length. Illustrations and phylogenetic trees based on 18S, 28S and ITS rRNA sequences are provided.

scholarly journals Taxonomical considerations and molecular phylogeny of the closely related genera Bitylenchus, Sauertylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus (Nematoda: Telotylenchinae), with one new and four known species from Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hosseinvand ◽  
A. Eskandari ◽  
S. Ganjkhanloo ◽  
R. Ghaderi ◽  
P. Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Tail Tip

Abstract During several nematological surveys in cultivated and natural habitats in Khuzestan and Zanjan provinces of Iran, a new species, Bitylenchus parvulus n. sp., two new records for Iran – namely, Tylenchorhynchus agri and Tylenchorhynchus graciliformis – and a population of Bitylenchus parvus and one of Sauertylenchus maximus were recovered and characterized based upon morphological and molecular approaches. The new species is characterized by lip region with five to seven annuli, stylet 17.7 (17.0–18.5) μm long, sub-cylindrical tail narrowing abruptly near terminus giving a bluntly digitate shape to the tail tip, cuticle near anterior part of vulva wrinkled and post-rectal sac occupies whole of tail cavity. The phylogenetic analyses were carried out using molecular data from D2–D3 expansion segments of large ribosomal subunit (28S rRNA) for all studied species and the partial small ribosomal subunit (18S rRNA) for the new species. The representatives of Bitylenchus and Sauertylenchus formed distinct clades from Tylenchorhynchus members, supporting the hypothesis in which Bitylenchus and Sauertylenchus could be considered as valid genera, but rejecting the ‘large-genus’ concept for Tylenchorhynchus. Also, Sauertylenchus ibericus was proposed as a junior synonym of S. maximus based on the results from morphological and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, an identification key for all known species included in the three genera Bitylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus and Sauertylenchus is presented herein. The number of transverse annuli on the lip region and presence/absence of post-rectal sac were considered as the main diagnostic characters for classifying the species into seven groups, and other morphological and morphometric characters were subsequently used for distinguishing species in each group.

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