scholarly journals In vitro antibiotic resistance of Staphylococci isolated from different animal species

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1055-1062
Author(s):  
Nurdan KARACAN SEVER ◽  
Mehmet AKAN
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The purpose of this study is to investigate resistance to antibiotics of Staphylococcus species isolated from various samples belonging to different animal species. Among 48 Staphylococcus spp. strains, Staphylococcus intermedius was the most common species, followed by S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. hyicus, S. saprophyticus. In a total of 48 Staphylococcus strains, the highest antibiotic resistance was observed to oxacillin (79.17%), tetracycline (39.58%), and ampicillin and cefoxitin (31.25%). Of 48 Staphylococcus strains, 42 showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent, while 23 of the strains had multidrug resistance. Antimicrobial resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin, erythromycin, streptomycin was detected frequently in S. aureus,S. intermedius, and S. epidermidis, respectively. Resistance rates for ampicillin, cefoxitin, and enrofloxacin were determined as 66.67% in S. hyicus strains. S. saprophyticus was determined to show resistance to 13 antibiotics other than meropenem. The highest antibiotic resistance was determined in S. aureus, S. intermedius, S. epidermidis, and in 48 Staphylococcus strains to oxacillin. Consequently, this study revealed resistance to various antibiotics in Staphylococcus species. Additionally, the presence of high oxacillin resistance and multidrug resistance in the Staphylococcus strains revealed the importance of determination of antimicrobial susceptibility before treatment and for rational use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals The Occurrence and Comparative Phenotypic Characteristics of Staphylococcus spp. from Healthy and Diseased, Household and Shelter Dogs, Based on Routine Biochemical Diagnostic Methods

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRZEJ KASPROWICZ ◽  
ANNA BIAŁECKA ◽  
JOANNA BIAŁECKA ◽  
IZABELA GODZISZ ◽  
WIESŁAW BARABASZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Animal Shelter ◽  
Staphylococcal Species ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽  
Shelter Dogs ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Infected Skin

To determine the staphylococcal colonization pattern in healthy and diseased dogs, living in two particular environments, a number of microbiological samples were taken. Overall, twenty dogs, either healthy or with infected skin lesions, were examined. In each case bacterial swabs were collected from the nasal mucosa, ear, perineum, lumbo-sacralis triangle, and from the infection sites if such were present. A total number of 104 isolates representing different staphylococcal species were isolated and identified using routine biochemical methods applied in diagnostic laboratories. Among 17 isolated staphylococcal species, Staphylococcus intermedius was the most common species isolated from both healthy or diseased dogs living either in animal shelter or household environments. The pattern of Staphylococcus sp. colonization differs considerably for animals living in the two tested habitats. In particular, S. aureus MRSA and MSSA isolates were detected only in infected skin lesion samples from animals that dwelled in the animal shelter. As could be expected, S. intermedius was found to be a predominant causative agent in canine skin infections. In our study, we demonstrated that S. intermedius in its carrier-state, inhabits mainly the mucosal membrane of the nasal vestibule. It was also found in the samples taken from the skin, the lumbo-sacralis triangle and perineum, but was rarely isolated from the ears.

scholarly journals Temporal profile of antimicrobial resistance exhibited by strains of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from cases of bovine mastitis for 20 years (1992-2011)

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035-1041
Author(s):  
Ananda Paula Kowalski ◽  
Grazieli Maboni ◽  
Julia Pires Espindola ◽  
Ariane Foletto ◽  
Guerino Bandeira Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Records of in vitro susceptibility tests performed between 1992 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed in order to evaluate the dynamic profiles of possible changes in antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from milk samples of cows with mastitis during two decades. The results of 2,430 isolates tested by disk diffusion technique for susceptibility to oxacillin, penicillin, ampicillin, cephalexin, norfloxacin, tetracycline, sulfazotrim, gentamicin, and neomycin were analysed. Comparisons were performed between the percentages of resistance to antimicrobials and their classes and also between the decades studied. Additionally, the possible tendency or changes in the behaviour of these pathogens against the major drugs used in the last two decades were evaluated using regression analysis. The highest rates of resistance (P<0.0001) were observed for the beta-lactams (34.3%), with exception of cephalexin (6.9%), and for the tetracyclines (28%). Similar resistance rates (7.6% to 15.7%) were observed among the other drugs. Regression analysis showed a reduction in resistance to penicillin and ampicillin throughout the period, whilst for oxacillin and neomycin a decrease in the resistance was observed during the first decade, followed by an increase. A trend towards decreased resistance was found for sulfazotrim, whereas for the other antimicrobials no decrease was observed. The results indicated no trend towards increased resistance for most antimicrobials tested. Nevertheless, it is necessary to monitor the resistance patterns of these pathogens in order to save these drugs as a therapeutic reserve

Increasing Antibiotic Resistance Among Isolates ofEscherichia coliRecovered From Inpatients and Outpatients in a Saudi Arabian Hospital

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 748-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Low Rate

Objective.To study the pattern of antibiotic resistance amongEscherichia coliand the trend in resistance during a 6-year period in a Saudi Arabian hospital.Design.Retrospective in vitro surveillance study of the antibiotic susceptibility pattern amongE. coliisolates recovered from outpatients and from inpatients.Setting.A general hospital in Saudi Arabia.Patients.All patients with a culture positive forE. coliduring a 6-year study period.Results.A statistically significant increase in antibiotic resistance was observed among outpatient and inpatient isolates ofE, coli.Inpatient isolates were more likely to be resistant to antimicrobial agents. Among isolates from outpatients, 50% were resistant to ampicillin, 33% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), and 14% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Among isolates from inpatients, 63% were resistant to ampicillin, 44% were resistant to TMP-SMZ, and 33% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. There was a low rate of resistance to imipenem (0.3% of isolates), amikacin (2%), and nitrofurantoin (2.4%-6.5%). Resistance to ceftazidime was detected in 9% of outpatient isolates and 17% of inpatient isolates. Multidrug resistance was defined as resistance to 2 or more classes of antibiotics. Multidrug resistance was detected in 2.0%-28.1% of outpatient isolates and 7.4%-39.6% of inpatient isolates, depending on the combination of antimicrobials tested. More isolates were resistant to ampicillin plus TMP-SMZ than to any other combination of antimicrobials.Conclusion.The prevalence of antibiotic resistance among outpatient and inpatientE. coliisolates increased during the study period. The rates of antibiotic resistance were statistically significantly higher among inpatient isolates, compared with outpatient isolates. These findings call for wiser use of antibiotics and continued surveillance of antibiotic resistance.

Increasing Antibiotic Resistance Among Isolates ofEscherichia coliRecovered From Inpatients and Outpatients in a Saudi Arabian Hospital

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 748-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Low Rate

Objective.To study the pattern of antibiotic resistance amongEscherichia coliand the trend in resistance during a 6-year period in a Saudi Arabian hospital.Design.Retrospective in vitro surveillance study of the antibiotic susceptibility pattern amongE. coliisolates recovered from outpatients and from inpatients.Setting.A general hospital in Saudi Arabia.Patients.All patients with a culture positive forE. coliduring a 6-year study period.Results.A statistically significant increase in antibiotic resistance was observed among outpatient and inpatient isolates ofE, coli.Inpatient isolates were more likely to be resistant to antimicrobial agents. Among isolates from outpatients, 50% were resistant to ampicillin, 33% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), and 14% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Among isolates from inpatients, 63% were resistant to ampicillin, 44% were resistant to TMP-SMZ, and 33% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. There was a low rate of resistance to imipenem (0.3% of isolates), amikacin (2%), and nitrofurantoin (2.4%-6.5%). Resistance to ceftazidime was detected in 9% of outpatient isolates and 17% of inpatient isolates. Multidrug resistance was defined as resistance to 2 or more classes of antibiotics. Multidrug resistance was detected in 2.0%-28.1% of outpatient isolates and 7.4%-39.6% of inpatient isolates, depending on the combination of antimicrobials tested. More isolates were resistant to ampicillin plus TMP-SMZ than to any other combination of antimicrobials.Conclusion.The prevalence of antibiotic resistance among outpatient and inpatientE. coliisolates increased during the study period. The rates of antibiotic resistance were statistically significantly higher among inpatient isolates, compared with outpatient isolates. These findings call for wiser use of antibiotics and continued surveillance of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Sitafloxacin as a New Drug Candidate for Helicobacter Eradication in Korea: An In Vitro Culture-Based Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Youn I Choi ◽  
Sung Min Lee ◽  
Jun-Won Chung ◽  
Kyoung Oh Kim ◽  
Kwang An Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Medical Burden

Background: Increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection worldwide has driven the search for a new therapeutic candidate. Recently, sitafloxacin, a novel 4-quinolone agent, has emerged as a new therapeutic option for H. pylori eradication, in Japan. However, data on its efficacy for H. pylori eradication in Korea are limited. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of sitafloxacin as a first-line treatment for patients with Helicobacter infection through gastric tissue culture-based studies. Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled treatment-naïve patients with H. pylori infection who visited the Gil Medical Center between March 2015 and March 2018. After obtaining written informed consent from patients, a total of 121 H. pylori strains were collected. We tested the susceptibility of these strains to sitafloxacin, and other antibiotics for Helicobacter eradication, including clarithromycin (CLR), metronidazole (MTZ), amoxicillin (AMX), tetracycline (TET), levofloxacin (LEV), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) using the agar dilution technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these antibiotics against H. pylori strains were determined. Results: None of the H. pylori strains obtained were resistant to sitafloxacin (MIC > 1, n = 0), while other conventional eradication drugs including CLR, MTZ, AMX, and TET showed 24.8% (n = 30), 30.6% (n = 37), 5.0% (n = 6), and 0.8% (n = 1) resistance, respectively. Compared to the resistance rates of other quinolones (LEV [36.4%, n = 44] and CIP [37.2%, n = 45]), sitafloxacin showed the best antibiotic performance against Helicobacter strains (0%, n = 0). Furthermore, sitafloxacin also inhibited the growth of 14 H. pylori strains (12.4%), which were resistant to both of clarithromycin, and metronidazole, and 27 strains (22.3%) with multidrug resistance. Conclusions: Sitafloxacin might be a new promising candidate for Helicobacter eradication where antibiotic resistance for Helicobacter is an emerging medical burden, such as in Korea.

scholarly journals A new substrate triggers susceptibility by uncoupling a bacterial multidrug resistance efflux pump

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyton J. Spreacker ◽  
Nathan E. Thomas ◽  
Will F. Beeninga ◽  
Merissa Brousseau ◽  
Kylie M. Hibbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Secondary Site ◽  
Antibiotic Development ◽  
E Coli

AbstractSmall multidrug resistance (SMR) transporters perform coupled antiport of protons and toxic substrates, contributing to antibiotic resistance through efflux of these compounds from the bacterial cytoplasm. Extensive biophysical studies of the molecular transport mechanism of the E. coli SMR transporter EmrE indicate that it should also be capable of performing proton/drug symport or uniport, either of which will lead to drug susceptibility rather than drug resistance in vivo. Here we show that EmrE does indeed confer susceptibility to some small molecule substrates in the native E. coli in addition to conferring resistance to known polyaromatic cation substrates. In vitro experiments show that substrate binding at a secondary site triggers uncoupled proton uniport that leads to susceptibility. These results suggest that the SMR transporters provide one avenue for bacterial-selective dissipation of the proton-motive force. This has potential for antibiotic development and disruption of antibiotic resistance due to drug efflux more broadly.

Nationwide German Multicenter Study on Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcal Bloodstream Isolates and Comparative In Vitro Activities of Quinupristin-Dalfopristin

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 2819-2823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christof von Eiff ◽  
Ralf René Reinert ◽  
Michael Kresken ◽  
Johannes Brauers ◽  
Dieter Hafner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Antibiotic-resistant gram-positive bacteria have become an increasing problem in the last two decades. In order to evaluate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in staphylococcal bloodstream isolates in Germany, 2,042 staphylococci collected in 21 tertiary-care hospitals were investigated during a 3-year period (March 1996 to March 1999). Altogether, 1,448 S. aureus isolates and 594 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) that comprised 13 different species were included. Furthermore, the antistaphylococcal activities of quinupristin-dalfopristin were compared with those of eight other compounds by the broth microdilution method. The rates of oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, and other CoNS were 13.5, 69, 90, and 34%, respectively. In oxacillin-resistant strains high rates of resistance (up to 100%) to erythromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were also observed. However, no strain appeared to be resistant to vancomycin or quinupristin-dalfopristin. The streptogramin combination exhibited excellent in vitro activity against all staphylococcal species tested, regardless of the patterns of resistance to other drug classes. In terms of MICs at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited, quinupristin-dalfopristin was 2 times more active against S. aureus isolates, 4 to 16 times more active against S. haemolyticus, and 8 to 32 times more active against S. epidermidis than vancomycin or teicoplanin.

Antibiotic Resistance in Intensive Care Unit Areas

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Daschner ◽  
H. Langmaack ◽  
B. Wiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance ◽  
Resistance Rates

AbstractThe incidence of nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance rates of nosocomial pathogens vary considerably among countries and even among intensive care units (ICUs) within one hospital. Such differences might be partly due to the selection pressure exerted by certain antibiotics, since intensive care patients are given more antimicrobials than any other group of patients. We therefore compared resistance rates of four important nosocomial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from patients in general wards and ICUs. There were few trends toward higher resistance of ICU isolates, and most differences were found with Klebsiella pneumoniae.We also tried to relate antibiotic use in ICUs and frequency of antibiotic resistance of five selected nosocomial pathogens. The ampicillin and cephalosporin resistance of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae arose along with an increase in usage of both drugs. Decreasing prescription of cotrimoxazole was not reflected by decrease in resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Increasing prescriptions of tetracyclines were followed by an increasing resistance of E. coli, but not of Staphylococci. The oxacillin resistance of Staphylococcus epidermidis almost paralleled the consumption, the opposite was true for Staphylococcus aureus. There seemed to be a rather close relationship between the incidence of resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and the quantities of gentamicin, tobramycin and azlocillin prescribed.The increase or decrease of prescriptions of certain antimicrobials increased or decreased their resistance rate to the respective drugs of only certain bacterial strains in one ICU, but not in the other. The findings in our hospital cannot necessarily be applied to other hospitals. Restriction of antimicrobial usage however decreased resistance rates in most situations.

Inhibition of Human and Animal Platelet Adhesiveness to Glass Bead Columns by Adenosine, Dipyridamole, Chlorpromazine and Acetylsalicylic Acid

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buichi Fujttani ◽  
Toshimichi Tsuboi ◽  
Kazuko Takeno ◽  
Kouichi Yoshida ◽  
Masanao Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Glass Bead ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rabbit Platelet ◽  
Platelet Adhesiveness

SummaryThe differences among human, rabbit and guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness as for inhibitions by adenosine, dipyridamole, chlorpromazine and acetylsalicylic acid are described, and the influence of measurement conditions on platelet adhesiveness is also reported. Platelet adhesiveness of human and animal species decreased with an increase of heparin concentrations and an increase of flow rate of blood passing through a glass bead column. Human and rabbit platelet adhesiveness was inhibited in vitro by adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine, but not by acetylsalicylic acid. On the other hand, guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness was inhibited by the four drugs including acetylsalicylic acid. In in vivo study, adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine inhibited platelet adhesiveness in rabbits and guinea-pigs. Acetylsalicylic acid showed the inhibitory effect in guinea-pigs, but not in rabbits.

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