31. HIV/AIDS, food insecurity, and undernourishment: amplifying cycles of risk in vulnerable populations

2015 ◽  
pp. 537-562
Author(s):  
R. Dellar ◽  
Q. Abdool Karim
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Modelling COVID-19 transmission in Africa: countrywise projections of total and severe infections under different lockdown scenarios

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e044149
Author(s):  
Isabel Frost ◽  
Jessica Craig ◽  
Gilbert Osena ◽  
Stephanie Hauck ◽  
Erta Kalanxhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Compartmental Model ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

ObjectivesAs of 13 January 2021, there have been 3 113 963 confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 and 74 619 deaths across the African continent. Despite relatively lower numbers of cases initially, many African countries are now experiencing an exponential increase in case numbers. Estimates of the progression of disease and potential impact of different interventions are needed to inform policymaking decisions. Herein, we model the possible trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 in 52 African countries under different intervention scenarios.DesignWe developed a compartmental model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to estimate the COVID-19 case burden for all African countries while considering four scenarios: no intervention, moderate lockdown, hard lockdown and hard lockdown with continued restrictions once lockdown is lifted. We further analysed the potential impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable populations affected by HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB).ResultsIn the absence of an intervention, the most populous countries had the highest peaks in active projected number of infections with Nigeria having an estimated 645 081 severe infections. The scenario with a hard lockdown and continued post-lockdown interventions to reduce transmission was the most efficacious strategy for delaying the time to the peak and reducing the number of cases. In South Africa, projected peak severe infections increase from 162 977 to 2 03 261, when vulnerable populations with HIV/AIDS and TB are included in the analysis.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly spreading across the African continent. Estimates of the potential impact of interventions and burden of disease are essential for policymakers to make evidence-based decisions on the distribution of limited resources and to balance the economic costs of interventions with the potential for saving lives.

scholarly journals How Researchers Define Vulnerable Populations in HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1313-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohini Sengupta ◽  
Bernard Lo ◽  
Ronald P. Strauss ◽  
Joseph Eron ◽  
Allen L. Gifford
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Aids Clinical Trials ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Mediators of Food Insecurity and Obesity in Female Heads-of-Household with Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Emily Havrilla
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heads Of Household ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Background: The prevalence of obesity is a significant issue in the United States. Among vulnerable populations, obesity exists in the presence of household food insecurity; however the mechanisms of the relationship are not well understood. General perceived stress and general self-efficacy were evaluated as mediators of the relationship between food insecurity and obesity in female heads-of-household with children. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design with mediation model testing was used. Subjects (N = 86) were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Core Food Security Module (CFSM), the General Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (SES). Body mass index and waist –to-hip circumference were calculated from measured data. Results: Significant relationships were found between food insecurity and general perceived stress, general perceived stress and obesity, and general self-efficacy and obesity. Mediation models’ testing was not completed due the lack of a significant correlation between food insecurity and obesity. Post hoc analysis was completed using bootstrapping and a revised mediation model process. Conclusion: General perceived stress and general self-efficacy are associated with obesity in female heads-of-household with children who are food insecure. Keywords: Food insecurity, Obesity, Stress, Self-efficacy, Vulnerable populations, Quantitative research, Socioeconomic factors

The association between HIV/AIDS and food insecurity at the US–Mexico border: Experiences of low-income patients in the Rio Grande Valley

2020 ◽  
pp. 095646242093060
Author(s):  
Jennifer Tabler ◽  
Laryssa Mykyta ◽  
Jason M Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rio Grande Valley ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Aids Diagnosis ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Us Mexico Border ◽  
Hiv Aids

US–Mexico border communities are uniquely vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission given the economic and social challenges these communities face. We surveyed low-income, predominantly Latinx residents receiving sexually transmitted infection testing and/or HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) care in the lower Rio Grande Valley of southernmost Texas about their experiences of food insecurity. Participants aged 18 years and over took a self-administered survey available in English or Spanish in a clinic waiting room ( N = 251). Ordinary least squares regression results suggested that those with a prior HIV/AIDS diagnosis reported a response for food insecurity that was approximately 0.67 points higher than peers without a prior HIV/AIDS diagnosis (coefficient = 0.67; p < 0.05), even when adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, social support, perceived discrimination, and neighborhood environment. Interaction results between age and HIV status indicated that younger individuals living with HIV/AIDS experienced uniquely higher food insecurity; those who reported a prior HIV/AIDS diagnosis experienced an additional reduction in food insecurity by approximately 0.06 points for each additional year of age (age × HIV/AIDS interaction coefficient = −0.06; p < 0.05). Community programs serving low-income populations should consider screening for and intervening on food insecurity, especially among young adults living with HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS, Undernutrition, and Food Insecurity

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1096-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise C. Ivers ◽  
Kimberly A. Cullen ◽  
Kenneth A. Freedberg ◽  
Steven Block ◽  
Jennifer Coates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Food insecurity and HIV/AIDS: Current knowledge, gaps, and research priorities

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aranka Anema ◽  
Nicholas Vogenthaler ◽  
Edward A. Frongillo ◽  
Suneetha Kadiyala ◽  
Sheri D. Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Food insecurity and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS on follow up receiving anti-retroviral therapy at public hospitals of Wollega zones, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2019

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adugna Oluma ◽  
Muktar Abadiga ◽  
Getu Mosisa ◽  
Werku Etafa ◽  
Ginenus Fekadu
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background : Food insecurity and HIV/AIDS are intertwined in a vicious cycle through nutritional, mental health, and behavioral pathways. Food insecurity is a potentially important barrier to the success of antiretroviral treatment, increased hospitalizations, and higher morbidity among HIV-infected individuals in resource-poor settings particularly in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of food insecurity and its associated factors among adult people living with HIV/AIDS on follow up receiving ART at public hospitals of wollega zone, west Ethiopia. Methods : An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on a sample of 428 among people living with HIV/AIDS on follow up receiving anti-retroviral therapy at public hospitals of wollega zones. Data was collected using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and dietary diversity scale by interviewer-administered questionnaires. The data was checked, cleaned and entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) window version 21 for analysis. Descriptive statistics - cross-tabulation frequency table, mean, standard deviation, percentage, were employed. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used with AOR at CI 95% and p<0.05 were used. Result: The overall prevalence of food insecurity among PLWHA receiving ART therapy was 68.8% which was partitioned as mild (23.32%), moderate (29.09%) and severe (16.35%) food in secured. Being single [AOR=3.507(1.377, 8.934)], illiterate [AOR=5.234(1.747, 15.686)], cigarette smoking [AOR=3.577(2.104, 6.081)], presence of anemia (AOR=2.650(1.563, 4.493)] and inadequate dietary diversity [AOR=2.870(1.088, 7.569)] were predictors of food insecurity. Conclusion : The prevalence of food insecurity was relatively high. Educational status, marital status, cigarette smoking, presence of anemia, opportunistic infection and inadequate dietary diversity were the major significant factors affecting food insecurity. We recommended Wollega Zonal Health Bureaus to effectively intervene in behavioral modification and health information dissemination (HID) which is the key strategies to improve food security.

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