Bifidobacterium longum D2 enhances microbial degradation of long-chain arabinoxylans in an in vitro model of the proximal colon

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Truchado ◽  
P. Van den Abbeele ◽  
A. Rivière ◽  
S. Possemiers ◽  
L. De Vuyst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Degrading Enzyme ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Long Chain

Long-chain arabinoxylans (LC-AX) are degraded in the colon by intestinal bacteria possessing AX-degrading enzymes, such as bifidobacteria. Enzymatic activity of intestinal bacterial might vary depending on the composition of the gut microbiota. To compare the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2), these bacterial communities were inoculated into in vitro model M-SHIME®. Differences in xylanase activities and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles, in particular a DNA-band corresponding with Bifidobacterium longum, were found in the proximal colon vessel. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. subsp. longum KACC 91563, respectively, further referred to as B. longum D1 and B. longum D2. When grown on LC-AX as the sole added energy source, B. longum D2 displayed significantly higher activities of β-xylanase (5.3-fold), β-xylosidase (2.9-fold), and α-arabinofuranosidase (1.5-fold), respectively, compared to B. longum D1. When B. longum D2 was inoculated in the M-SHIME, inoculated with the bacterial gut communities of the individual with low AX-degrading enzyme activities, the β-xylanase activity increased (1.5-fold) in the proximal vessel. We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain.

scholarly journals Symbiolite formation: a powerful in vitro model to untangle the role of bacterial communities in the photosynthesis-induced formation of microbialites

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1533-1546
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Nitschke ◽  
Cátia Fidalgo ◽  
João Simões ◽  
Cláudio Brandão ◽  
Artur Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals N-Palmitoyl Serinol Stimulates Ceramide Production through a CB1-Dependent Mechanism in In Vitro Model of Skin Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8302
Author(s):  
Kyong-Oh Shin ◽  
Sungeun Kim ◽  
Byeong Deog Park ◽  
Yoshikazu Uchida ◽  
Kyungho Park
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Permeability Barrier ◽  
Epidermal Permeability Barrier ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Endocannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

Ceramides, a class of sphingolipids containing a backbone of sphingoid base, are the most important and effective structural component for the formation of the epidermal permeability barrier. While ceramides comprise approximately 50% of the epidermal lipid content by mass, the content is substantially decreased in certain inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), causing improper barrier function. It is widely accepted that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) can modulate a number of biological responses in the central nerve system, prior studies revealed that activation of endocannabinoid receptor CB1, a key component of ECS, triggers the generation of ceramides that mediate neuronal cell fate. However, as the impact of ECS on the production of epidermal ceramide has not been studied, we here investigated whether the ECS stimulates the generation of epidermal ceramides in an IL-4-treated in vitro model of skin inflammation using N-palmitoyl serinol (PS), an analog of the endocannabinoid N-palmitoyl ethanolamine. Accordingly, an IL-4-mediated decrease in cellular ceramide levels was significantly stimulated in human epidermal keratinocytes (KC) following PS treatment through both de novo ceramide synthesis- and sphingomyelin hydrolysis-pathways. Importantly, PS selectively increases ceramides with long-chain fatty acids (FAs) (C22–C24), which mainly account for the formation of the epidermal barrier, through activation of ceramide synthase (CerS) 2 and Cer3 in IL-4-mediated inflamed KC. Furthermore, blockade of cannabinoid receptor CB1 activation by AM-251 failed to stimulate the production of total ceramide as well as long-chain ceramides in response to PS. These studies demonstrate that an analog of endocannabinoid, PS, stimulates the generation of specific ceramide species as well as the total amount of ceramides via the endocannabinoid receptor CB1-dependent mechanism, thereby resulting in the enhancement of epidermal permeability barrier function.

scholarly journals Effects of functional pasta ingredients on different gut microbiota as revealed by TIM-2 in vitro model of the proximal colon

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-313
Author(s):  
A. Martina ◽  
G.E. Felis ◽  
M. Corradi ◽  
C. Maffeis ◽  
S. Torriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Microbial Groups

Diet-related modulation of gut microbiota and its metabolic activity represents an intriguing research context, particularly in the case of disorders related to imbalances in gut microbial communities. We here explored the effects of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 (BC30), β-glucans, and innovative whole-grain pastas, with or without these functional ingredients, on gut microbiota from three groups of children, presenting different susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, by using the well-controlled TNO in vitro model of the proximal colon (TIM-2). Short- and branched-chain fatty acids production and microbiota composition were assessed by means of gas chromatography and 16S rRNA gene profiling, respectively. In most cases, in vitro dietary interventions caused microbiota-dependent modulations as a result of intergroup variability, but also specific changes in microbial groups were shared between the three microbiotas, highlighting specific diet-microbial taxa connections.

scholarly journals Degradation of fibres from fruit by-products allows selective modulation of the gut bacteria in an in vitro model of the proximal colon

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlota Bussolo de Souza ◽  
Melliana Jonathan ◽  
Susana Marta Isay Saad ◽  
Henk A. Schols ◽  
Koen Venema
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Selective Modulation ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
By Products

An in vitro model for investigation of vitamin A effects on wound healing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hoda Keshmiri Neghab ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Soheilifar ◽  
Gholamreza Esmaeeli Djavid
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Endothelial Cell Migration ◽  
Normal Fibroblast ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Vitro Model

Abstract. Wound healing consists of a series of highly orderly overlapping processes characterized by hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Prolongation or interruption in each phase can lead to delayed wound healing or a non-healing chronic wound. Vitamin A is a crucial nutrient that is most beneficial for the health of the skin. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of vitamin A on regeneration, angiogenesis, and inflammation characteristics in an in vitro model system during wound healing. For this purpose, mouse skin normal fibroblast (L929), human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), and monocyte/macrophage-like cell line (RAW 264.7) were considered to evaluate proliferation, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory responses, respectively. Vitamin A (0.1–5 μM) increased cellular proliferation of L929 and HUVEC (p < 0.05). Similarly, it stimulated angiogenesis by promoting endothelial cell migration up to approximately 4 fold and interestingly tube formation up to 8.5 fold (p < 0.01). Furthermore, vitamin A treatment was shown to decrease the level of nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent effect (p < 0.05), exhibiting the anti-inflammatory property of vitamin A in accelerating wound healing. These results may reveal the therapeutic potential of vitamin A in diabetic wound healing by stimulating regeneration, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammation responses.

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