scholarly journals Gut microbiota composition strongly correlates to peripheral insulin sensitivity in obese men but not in women

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Most ◽  
G.H. Goossens ◽  
D. Reijnders ◽  
E.E. Canfora ◽  
J. Penders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Gut microbiota composition may play an important role in the development of obesity-related comorbidities. However, only few studies have investigated gender-differences in microbiota composition and gender-specific associations between microbiota or microbial products and insulin sensitivity. Insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), substrate oxidation (indirect calorimetry), systemic inflammatory markers and microbiota composition (PCR) were determined in male (n=15) and female (n=14) overweight and obese subjects. Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes-ratio was higher in men than in women (P=0.001). Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes-ratio was inversely related to peripheral insulin sensitivity only in men (men: P=0.003, women: P=0.882). This association between Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes-ratio and peripheral insulin sensitivity did not change after adjustment for dietary fibre and saturated fat intake, body composition, fat oxidation and markers of inflammation. Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes-ratio was not associated with hepatic insulin sensitivity. Men and women differ in microbiota composition and its impact on insulin sensitivity, implying that women might be less sensitive to gut microbiota-induced metabolic aberrations than men. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02381145.

Dietary Alaska pollock protein alters insulin sensitivity and gut microbiota composition in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 3628-3637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Hosomi ◽  
Ayano Nishimoto ◽  
Toshihiro Kobayashi ◽  
Yuki Ikeda ◽  
Megumi Mitsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals PO-209 Effects of aerobic exercise on oxidant/anti-oxidant indexes and gut microbiota in young obese volunteers

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jibin Sha ◽  
Bo Sui ◽  
Hong Gong ◽  
Wenyu Li ◽  
Shengnan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Oxidation Index ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

  Objective The mean body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of obese and overweight individuals increasing substantially worldwide during the previous three decades. Variation in gut microorganisms might play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity, but the mechanisms by which gut microbiota promote metabolic disturbances are not well understood. Exercise is associated with altered gut microbial composition, but few studies have investigated whether the gut microbiota and associated metabolites are modulated by exercise training in humans. We explored the impact of 8 weeks aerobic exercise on serum oxidant and anti-oxidant indexes and gut microbiota. Methods All 40 young male volunteers are enrolled in the study, the lean ones (n=11), which BMI≤22 are as control group. And the obese ones (n=29), which BMI > 28 participated in the 8 weeks aerobic exercise. The body weight and BMI of each volunteers were recorded. The serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were measured by ELISA. The composition and diversity of gut microbiota were analyzed with 16S rDNA sequencing. Results ① Compared with the control, the level of serum GPx, SOD and TAOC decreased significantly (P < 0.001), and the MDA increased significantly (P < 0.001) in the obese group. After the 8 weeks aerobic exercise intervention, the MDA level decreased significantly (P＜0.01), the TAOC level increased significantly (P < 0.01), and there were no significant changes in the level of GPX and SOD. ② Compared with the control, the ratio of Bifidobacteriaceae, Alcaligenaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Verrucomicrobiaceae decreased significantly(p＜0.05) in the obese group, and the ratio of Ruminococcaceae, Helicobacteraceae increased significantly (P＜0.05). After the 8 weeks aerobic exercise intervention, the ratio of Bifidobacteriaceae, Alcaligenaceae increased significantly (P＜0.05)，and the ratio of Ruminococcaceae reduced remarkably (p＜0.05). The ACE index was significantly increased after the intervention (P < 0.05). ③ Through the correlation analysis of the data above, there was a certain correlation between the serum oxidant/anti-oxidant indexes and gut microbiota composition. After the aerobic exercise, there was a positive correlation between MDA and Ruminococcaceae、TAOC and Bifdobacteriace (P＜0.05)；a negative correlation between MDA and Bifdobacteriace、TAOC and Ruminococcaceae (P＜0.05). After 8 weeks of aerobic exercise, MDA level was negatively correlated with ACE index (r=-0.466，P＜0.05). Conclusions ① Compared with the control, there was a significant increase of serum oxidation index and the serum anti-oxidation index dropped significantly among the obese subjects, which indicated that the accumulation of serum free radicals might be one of the causes of obesity. The 8 weeks aerobic exercise intervention can enhance the antioxidant capacity effectively. ② Compared with the control, the proportion of Bifidobacteriaceae in the obese group was significantly decreased, and the proportion of the bacteria with direct correlation to obesity, such as Ruminococcaceae increased significantly. 8 weeks aerobic exercise could inverse these changes among the obese subjects, suggested that the improvement of body phenotype of obese subjects was closely related to the effective regulation of their gut microbiota structure.The change of ACE index indicated that aerobic exercise could increase the diversity of gut microbiota. ③ Combined the correlation analysis of gut microbiota diversity index showed that there were tight correlation between the serum oxidant/anti-oxidant indexes and the gut microbiota composition and structure. It might caused metabolic disorders and eventually increased fat accumulation and changed the host body phenotype.      

Saturated fat stimulates obesity and hepatic steatosis and affects gut microbiota composition by an enhanced overflow of dietary fat to the distal intestine

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (5) ◽  
pp. G589-G599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole de Wit ◽  
Muriel Derrien ◽  
Hanneke Bosch-Vermeulen ◽  
Els Oosterink ◽  
Shohreh Keshtkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

We studied the effect of dietary fat type, varying in polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratios (P/S), on development of metabolic syndrome. C57Bl/6J mice were fed purified high-fat diets (45E% fat) containing palm oil (HF-PO; P/S 0.4), olive oil (HF-OO; P/S 1.1), or safflower oil (HF-SO; P/S 7.8) for 8 wk. A low-fat palm oil diet (LF-PO; 10E% fat) was used as a reference. Additionally, we analyzed diet-induced changes in gut microbiota composition and mucosal gene expression. The HF-PO diet induced a higher body weight gain and liver triglyceride content compared with the HF-OO, HF-SO, or LF-PO diet. In the intestine, the HF-PO diet reduced microbial diversity and increased the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio. Although this fits a typical obesity profile, our data clearly indicate that an overflow of the HF-PO diet to the distal intestine, rather than obesity itself, is the main trigger for these gut microbiota changes. A HF-PO diet-induced elevation of lipid metabolism-related genes in the distal small intestine confirmed the overflow of palm oil to the distal intestine. Some of these lipid metabolism-related genes were previously already associated with the metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, our data indicate that saturated fat (HF-PO) has a more stimulatory effect on weight gain and hepatic lipid accumulation than unsaturated fat (HF-OO and HF-SO). The overflow of fat to the distal intestine on the HF-PO diet induced changes in gut microbiota composition and mucosal gene expression. We speculate that both are directly or indirectly contributive to the saturated fat-induced development of obesity and hepatic steatosis.

scholarly journals Plasma Metabolites Related to Peripheral and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity Are Not Directly Linked to Gut Microbiota Composition

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2308
Author(s):  
Annefleur M. Koopen ◽  
Nicolien C. de Clercq ◽  
Moritz V. Warmbrunn ◽  
Hilde Herrema ◽  
Mark Davids ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Plasma metabolites affect a range of metabolic functions in humans, including insulin sensitivity (IS). A subset of these plasma metabolites is modified by the gut microbiota. To identify potential microbial–metabolite pathways involved in IS, we investigated the link between plasma metabolites, gut microbiota composition, and IS, using the gold-standard for peripheral and hepatic IS measurement in a group of participants with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). In a cross-sectional study with 115 MetSyn participants, fasting plasma samples were collected for untargeted metabolomics analysis and fecal samples for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. A two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was performed to assess peripheral and hepatic IS. Collected data were integrated and potential interdependence between metabolites, gut microbiota, and IS was analyzed using machine learning prediction models. Plasma metabolites explained 13.2% and 16.7% of variance in peripheral and hepatic IS, respectively. Fecal microbiota composition explained 4.2% of variance in peripheral IS and was not related to hepatic IS. Although metabolites could partially explain the variances in IS, the top metabolites related to peripheral and hepatic IS did not significantly correlate with gut microbiota composition (both on taxonomical level and alpha-diversity). However, all plasma metabolites could explain 18.5% of the variance in microbial alpha-diversity (Shannon); the top 20 metabolites could even explain 44.5% of gut microbial alpha-diversity. In conclusion, plasma metabolites could partially explain the variance in peripheral and hepatic IS; however, these metabolites were not directly linked to the gut microbiota composition, underscoring the intricate relation between plasma metabolites, the gut microbiota, and IS in MetSyn

scholarly journals Repurposing Metformin in Nondiabetic People With HIV: Influence on Weight and Gut Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Isnard ◽  
John Lin ◽  
Brandon Fombuena ◽  
Jing Ouyang ◽  
Thibault V Varin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Metformin Treatment ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background People with HIV (PWH) taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) may experience weight gain, dyslipidemia, increased risk of non-AIDS comorbidities, and long-term alteration of the gut microbiota. Both low CD4/CD8 ratio and chronic inflammation have been associated with changes in the gut microbiota of PWH. The antidiabetic drug metformin has been shown to improve gut microbiota composition while decreasing weight and inflammation in diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome. Nevertheless, it remains unknown whether metformin may benefit PWH receiving ART, especially those with a low CD4/CD8 ratio. Methods In the Lilac pilot trial, we recruited 23 nondiabetic PWH receiving ART for more than 2 years with a low CD4/CD8 ratio (&lt;0.7). Blood and stool samples were collected during study visits at baseline, after a 12-week metformin treatment, and 12 weeks after discontinuation. Microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rDNA gene sequencing, and markers of inflammation were assessed in plasma. Results Metformin decreased weight in PWH, and weight loss was inversely correlated with plasma levels of the satiety factor GDF-15. Furthermore, metformin changed the gut microbiota composition by increasing the abundance of anti-inflammatory bacteria such as butyrate-producing species and the protective Akkermansia muciniphila. Conclusions Our study provides the first evidence that a 12-week metformin treatment decreased weight and favored anti-inflammatory bacteria abundance in the microbiota of nondiabetic ART-treated PWH. Larger randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials with longer metformin treatment will be needed to further investigate the role of metformin in reducing inflammation and the risk of non-AIDS comorbidities in ART-treated PWH.

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