Back kinematics at take-off in elite showjumping horses over an upright and parallel-spread fence forming part of a three-fence combination

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Walker ◽  
C.A. Tranquille ◽  
P. Harris ◽  
C. Roberts ◽  
J. McEwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
Horizontal Angle ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
World Class ◽  
Head Neck ◽  
Horizontal Head

The objective of this study was to evaluate head, neck and back kinematics during take-off in elite level horses jumping, and to compare these over an upright and parallel spread fence. Ten mixed-breed elite-level showjumping horses were opportunistically evaluated jumping the same 15-fence course (1.35 m) during a British Equestrian Federation World Class Performance three-day training session. Two fences were evaluated using high-speed motion-capture (250 Hz). Head, neck and back kinematics of the horse were determined at take-off, at vertical orientation of leading and trailing third metacarpus/tarsus and as the trailing hindlimb left the floor. Very consistent patterns between all horses over both upright and spread fences were observed in neck-trunk (NT) angle, lumbosacral (LS) angle, the angle of the thoracolumbar (TL) to horizontal and of LS to horizontal. Head-neck (HN), TL angle and distance to fence showed moderate variation between horses. There were no significant differences between fence-type in HN, NT, TL, LS angle or distance to the fence, but TL to the horizontal angle was greater over the spread for all stride phases. LS to the horizontal angle was greater over the upright when the leading forelimb was vertical at take-off and when the trailing hindlimb was vertical at take-off. These findings suggest that elite horses may use some similar strategies to achieve a successful jump. Further understanding regions which are most influenced by velocity, rider, and horse stability could enable us to modify jumping patterns for the performance and welfare of jumping horses.

Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Professional Female Soccer Players’ Recovery Following Official Matches

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110212
Author(s):  
Alexandre Moreira ◽  
Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado ◽  
Marom Bikson ◽  
Gozde Unal ◽  
Paul S. Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Sham Condition ◽  
World Class

This study investigated the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with a recovery training session on the well-being and self-perceived recovery of professional female soccer players after official matches. Data from 13 world-class players were analyzed after participating in four official soccer matches of the first division of the Brazilian Women’s Soccer Championship (7-, 10-, and 13-day intervals). We applied anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with 2 mA for 20 minutes (+F3/−F4 montage) the day after each match. Participants underwent two randomly ordered sessions of a-tDCS or sham. Players completed the Well-Being Questionnaire (WBQ) and the Total Quality Recovery (TQR) scale before each experimental condition and again the following morning. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant time x condition interaction on the WBQ (F(1,11)=5.21; p=0.043; ηp2=0.32), but not on the TQR (F(1,12) = 0.552; p = 0.47; ηp2 = 0.044). There was a large effect size (ES) for a-tDCS for the WBQ score (ES = 1.02; 95%CI = 0.17;1.88), and there was a moderate WBQ score increase (ES = 0.53; 95%CI = −0.29;1.34) for the sham condition. We found similar increases in the TQR score for a-tDCS (ES = 1.50; 95%CI = 0.63–2.37) and the sham condition (ES = 1.36; 95%CI = 0.51–2.22). These results suggest that a-tDCS (+F3/−F4 montage) combined with a recovery training session may slightly improve perceived well-being beyond the level of improvement after only the recovery training session among world-class female soccer players. Prior to widely adopting this recovery approach, further study is needed with larger and more diverse samples, including for female teams of different performance levels.

scholarly journals Dance motion capture and composition using multiple RGB and depth sensors

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 155014771769608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yejin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Motion Path ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Depth Sensors ◽  
Motion Editing ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Marker Free ◽  
Motion Search

Dynamic human movements such as dance are difficult to capture without using external markers due to the high complexity of a dancer’s body. This article introduces a marker-free motion capture and composition system for dance motion that uses multiple RGB and depth sensors. Our motion capture system utilizes a set of high-speed RGB and depth sensors to generate skeletal motion data from an expert dancer. During the motion acquisition process, a skeleton tracking method based on a particle filter is provided to estimate the motion parameters for each frame from a sequence of color images and depth features retrieved from the sensors. The expert motion data become archived in a database. The authoring methods in our composition system automate most of the motion editing processes for general users by providing an online motion search with an input posture and then performing motion synthesis on an arbitrary motion path. Using the proposed system, we demonstrate that various dance performances can be composed in an intuitive and efficient way on client devices such as tablets and kiosk PCs.

Limb and thoracolumbosacral kinematics over an upright and parallel spread fence

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
V.A. Walker ◽  
S.J. Dyson ◽  
C.A. Tranquille ◽  
J.B. Tacey ◽  
R.C. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Head Neck

Jumping mechanics have been investigated at take-off, flight and landing, mainly in reference to the limbs with limited evaluation of the thoracolumbosacral region. The objectives of this study were to investigate head, neck, thoracolumbosacral and limb angles in a group of experienced showjumping horses (competing at 1.20-1.60 m) over an upright and parallel spread fence. Ten horses in active showjumping training were recruited (mean 8 years old). High-speed videography (240 Hz) was used to determine thoracolumbosacral kinematic variables of the approach and take-off. No significant differences between the upright and parallel spread fences were observed for any of the variables measured. Individual horse review showed that neck-trunk, thoracolumbar, lumbosacral, coxofemoral angles, take-off distance and speed patterns at take-off were consistent among horses and also repeatable between fence types. Head-neck, stifle and tarsal angles had great variability among horses. The main limitation of this study was that only 2D motion analysis was carried out. In conclusion, analysis of individual horse patterns showed that head, neck, back and limb angles were repeatable over submaximal upright and spread fences in ten horses. Some angles were consistent among horses, but others had individual horse variation.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Outcomes from Chronic High-Speed, High-Impulse Resistance Exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 791-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Caruso ◽  
Michael Voor ◽  
Jason Jaggers ◽  
T. Symons ◽  
Jeremy Stith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Type I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Force Peak ◽  
Blood Marker ◽  
Hip Extension

AbstractWhile bones and muscles adapt to mechanical loading, it appears that very specific types of stimuli must be applied to achieve osteogenesis. Our study assessed musculoskeletal outcomes to 30 training sessions on an Inertial Exercise Trainer (Newnan, GA). Subjects (n=13) performed workouts with their left leg, while their right served as an untreated control. Workouts entailed three 60-s sets each of knee extension, hip extension and calf press exercises, separated by 90-s rests. Before and after the 30 training sessions, subjects underwent strength tests (knee and ankle extensors of both legs), DEXA scans (hip, knee and ankles of both legs), and blood draws. After 30 training sessions 2×2 ANOVAs showed left leg peak torques rose significantly. 2×2 ANCOVAs, with bone scan area as a covariate, showed significant left leg calcaneal bone mineral content (+29%) and density (+33%) increases after 30 training sessions. A significant decline in C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen, a blood marker of bone resorption, also occurred after 30 training sessions. The Inertial Exercise Trainer’s large volume of training session repetitions elicited high peak force, peak acceleration and impulses that likely provided a mechanical loading stimulus that evoked calcaneal accretion.

GPS Analysis of an International Field Hockey Tournament

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Jennings ◽  
Stuart J. Cormack ◽  
Aaron J. Coutts ◽  
Robert J. Aughey
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Large Margin ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Percent Difference ◽  
World Class ◽  
Multiple Games

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of multiple games on exercise intensity during a world-class hockey tournament.Methods:15 players (mean ± SD age 27 ± 4 y, stature 179 ± 5 cm, body mass 77 ± 5 kg, and estimated VO2 64.2 ± 3.1 mL · kg−1 · min−1) competing in the Champions Trophy (CT). Global-positioning systems assessed total distance (TD), low-speed activity (LSA; 0.10–4.17 m/s), and high-speed running (HSR; >4.17 m/s) distance. Differences in movement demands (TD, LSA, HSR) between positions and matches were assessed using the effect size and percent difference ± 90% confidence intervals. Two levels of comparison were made. First, data from subsequent matches were compared with match 1, and, second, data from each match compared with a tournament average (TA).Results:In all matches, compared with game 1, midfielders performed less HSR distance. However, the amount of HSR did not decrease as the tournament progressed. When compared with the TA, defenders showed more variation in each match. All positions showed lower movement outputs when the team won by a large margin.Conclusions:It was possible for elite team-sport athletes to maintain exercise intensity when playing 6 matches in a period of 9 days, contrary to the only other investigation of this in elite male field hockey.

Open Innovation with Chinese Characteristics

2019 ◽  
pp. 152-166
Author(s):  
Henry Chesbrough
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
World Class ◽  
Rival Firms

Open Innovation in China is greatly affected by the powerful role of the Chinese Communist Party. Xi Jinping thought introduces a tension between the ‘decisive role of the markets’ to allocate resources and stimulate innovation across the economy and ‘the leading role of the Party’ to guide the development of innovation in the most important industries. This tension plays out differently in different industries in China. In high-speed rail, the tension has been adroitly managed, creating an organization with world class innovation capabilities that is a peer with the best of the rival firms in the world. In automotive and semiconductors, however, the tension has been more problematic. The state-owned enterprises are well aligned with the Party, while it is the privately owned companies and foreign companies that are driving innovation.

scholarly journals SnakeStrike: A Low-Cost Open-Source High-Speed Multi-Camera Motion Capture System

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grady W. Jensen ◽  
Patrick van der Smagt ◽  
Egon Heiss ◽  
Hans Straka ◽  
Tobias Kohl
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Motion Capture System

Monitoring Elite Soccer Players’ External Loads Using Real-Time Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1285-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Locomotor Activities ◽  
Physical Output

Purpose: To assess the validity of measuring locomotor activities and PlayerLoad using real-time (RT) data collection during soccer training. Methods: Twenty-nine English soccer players participated. Each player wore the same MEMS device (Micromechanical Electrical Systems; S5, Optimeye; CatapultSports, Melbourne, Australia) during 21 training sessions (N = 331 data sets) in the 2015–16 and 2016–17 seasons. An RT receiver (TRX; Catapultsports, Melbourne, Australia) was used to collect the locomotor activities and PlayerLoad data in RT and compared with the postevent downloaded (PED) data. PlayerLoad and locomotor activities (total distance covered; total high-speed running distance covered, >5.5#x00A0;m/s; total sprinting distance covered, >7 m/s; maximum velocity) were analyzed. Results: Correlations were near perfect for all variables analyzed (r = .98–1.00), with a varied level of noise between RT and PED also (0.3–9.7% coefficient of variation). Conclusions: Locomotor activities and PlayerLoad can use both RT and PED concurrently to quantify a player’s physical output during a training session. Caution should be taken with higher-velocity-based locomotor activities during RT compared to PED.

scholarly journals High Speed 3D Motion Capture System for Flying Golf Ball

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Hong Lin ◽  
Wen-Hong Wu ◽  
Wei-Zhe Huang
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Golf Ball ◽  
Motion Capture System ◽  
3D Motion ◽  
3D Motion Capture

scholarly journals Sight-Reading Versus Repertoire Performance on the Piano: A Case Study Using High-Speed Motion Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Brenda Wristen ◽  
Sharon Evans ◽  
Nicholas Stergiou
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Sight Reading ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Musical Excerpt ◽  
Angular Displacements

This study was intended to examine whether differences exist in the motions employed by pianists when they are sight-reading versus performing repertoire and to determine whether these differences can be quantified using high-speed motion capture technology. A secondary question of interest was whether or not an improvement in the efficiency of motion could be observed between two sight-reading trials of the same musical excerpt. This case study employed one subject and a six-camera digital infrared camera system to capture the motion of the pianist playing two trials of a repertoire piece and two trials of a sight-reading excerpt. Angular displacements and velocities were calculated for bilateral shoulder, elbow, wrist, and index finger joints. The findings demonstrate the usefulness of high-speed motion capture technology for analyzing motions of pianists during performance, showing that the subject's motions were less efficient in sight-reading tasks than is repertoire tasks.

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