Fusarium species, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol content in preharvest scabby wheat heads from Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chełkowski ◽  
K. Gromadzka ◽  
Ł. Stępień ◽  
L. Lenc ◽  
M. Kostecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
First Time

High incidence of Fusarium head blight occurred in Northern and Southern Poland in the 2009 season. Head samples from 106 wheat fields were collected before harvest from Northern, Central and Southern Poland in August 2009. Fusarium species were identified in 1,311 heads with visible scab symptoms and the collected material was subjected to mycotoxin analyses. Fusarium graminearum was identified as the most frequently occurring species on wheat, present in 48% of all samples examined. This species prevailed in Northern and Southern Poland, with the frequencies of 53% and 55%, respectively, and its frequency has increased over five-fold after two decades. In the central part of the country, Fusarium culmorum was the major pathogen of wheat, with a frequency of 43%, although in this region the incidence of infected heads in wheat fields was lower than 1%. Several other species, including Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium cerealis and Microdochium nivale, occurred with lower frequencies. Microscopic identification of species was confirmed using species-specific markers in DNA extracted directly from sporodochia. For the first time, glucosylated deoxynivalenol was identified in Polish cereals, in amounts of 1.6 to 7.4 mg/kg. Deoxynivalenol (DON) content was estimated between 1.7 and 11.9 mg/kg for the healthy looking kernels (HLK) fraction, while the Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) were contaminated with high amounts of DON, from 57.3 to 312.3 mg/kg, and zearalenone, from 0.035 to 4.48 mg/kg. The HLK fractions contained about 20 times less DON and zearalenone (ZEA) than the FDK fractions. ZEA accumulated in both FDK kernels and chaff fractions at a similar level. DON was accumulated in the chaff fraction in much lower amounts than in the FDK fraction.

scholarly journals Survey of Fusarium Species Associated with Fusarium Head Blight of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Southeastern Idaho

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn M. Bissonnette ◽  
Philip Wharton ◽  
Jianli Chen ◽  
Juliet M. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific

In Idaho, losses due to Fusarium head blight (FHB) of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) have been infrequent and have historically been dominated by Fusarium culmorum (Wm. G. Sm.) Sacc. However, the incidence of FHB and deoxynivalenol-contaminated grain has increased in spring wheat in southeastern Idaho since 2009, indicating that other species of Fusarium may be contributing to disease. In 2011 and 2012, 17 spring wheat fields were scouted and sampled for FHB in southern Idaho. Contaminated grains were cultured, and putative Fusarium isolates were identified using species-specific polymerase chain reaction. In 2011, 87% of all recovered isolates were identified as F. graminearum, whereas only 13% were identified as F. culmorum. Of the isolates collected in 2012, 51% were identified as F. graminearum and 49% as F. culmorum. In both years, more F. graminearum isolates were recovered as compared to a survey conducted in 1984. Implementation of effective disease management practices will be necessary to minimize the establishment and spread of F. graminearum–responsible FHB in southeastern Idaho.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity, Symptom Development, and Mycotoxin Formation in Wheat by Fusarium Species Frequently Isolated from Sugar Beet

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 1338-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela S. Christ ◽  
Ruben Gödecke ◽  
Andreas von Tiedemann ◽  
Mark Varrelmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
The Impact

Crop rotations with putative non-host crops such as sugar beet are often recommended to reduce Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereals. However, recent observations have shown pathogenic, endophytic, and saprotrophic colonization of sugar beet with various Fusarium spp. Therefore, strains of seven species frequently isolated from sugar beet were tested for pathogenicity on wheat. Species-specific symptoms on heads and kernels were evaluated and the grains were analyzed for 20 mycotoxins with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. cerealis from sugar beet caused typical FHB symptoms and mycotoxin contamination with deoxynivalenol and nivalenol, while a high incidence of black point was observed in heads inoculated with F. tricinctum or F. equiseti. Black point kernels revealed 3.4 to 14.5 times higher mycotoxin concentrations than symptomless grains, containing enniatin B1 at 38,000 μg/kg, moniliformin at 4,900 μg/kg, and 2-amino-14,16-dimethyloctadecan-3-ol at 5,500 μg/kg, as well as monoacetoxyscirpenol at 2,600 μg/kg and nivalenol at 3,800 μg/kg. Monitoring of these latter two species in the field is hampered by the lack of typical head symptoms after infection. In further experiments, the impact of sugar beet residues on FHB severity and the correlation between mycotoxin contamination of cereal lots and the amount of black point have to be evaluated.

scholarly journals Modelling the relationship between environmental factors, transcriptional genes and deoxynivalenol mycotoxin production by strains of two Fusarium species

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (54) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schmidt-Heydt ◽  
R. Parra ◽  
R. Geisen ◽  
N. Magan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

The effect of changes in temperature/water activity ( a w ) on growth, deoxynivalenol (DON) production and trichothecene gene cluster expression (18 genes) for strains of Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum was studied. The expression data for six key transcription genes ( TRI4, TRI5 , TRI6, TRI10, TRI12 and TRI13 ) were analysed using multiple regression analyses to model the relationship between these various factors for the first time. Changes in a w and temperature significantly ( p = 0.05) affected growth and DON. Microarray data on expression of these genes were significantly related to DON production for both strains. Multi-regression analysis was done and polynomial models found to best fit the relationship between actual/predicted DON production relative to the expression of these TRI genes and environmental factors. This allowed prediction of the amounts of DON produced in two-dimensional contour maps to relate expression of these genes to either a w or temperature. These results suggest complex interactions between gene expression ( TRI genes), environmental factors and mycotoxin production. This is a powerful tool for understanding the role of these genes in relation to environmental factors and enables more effective targeted control strategies to be developed.

Trichothecene and Moniliformin Production by Fusarium Species from Western Canadian Wheat†

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1220-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ABRAMSON ◽  
R. M. CLEAR ◽  
D. GABA ◽  
D. M. SMITH ◽  
S. K. PATRICK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Western Canada

Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, and Fusarium avenaceum, isolated from Fusarium-damaged wheat harvested in western Canada, were cultured and evaluated for mycotoxin production. Extracts of the culture media were assayed for trichothecenes by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and for moniliformin by liquid chromatography. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was found in 28 of 42 isolates of F. graminearum and 42 of 42 isolates of F. culmorum at levels ranging from 0.5 to 25.0 μg/g. 15-AcetylDON was found in 28 of 42 isolates of F. graminearum at levels ranging from 1.0 to 7.1 μg/g. 3-AcetylDON was found in 41 of 42 isolates of F. culmorum at levels ranging from 0.8 to 13.0 μg/g. Several other trichothecenes were assayed but not detected in the culture medium. Moniliformin was present in 40 of 42 isolates of F. avenaceum at levels ranging from 1.3 to 138.1 μg/g, but was not present in any of the isolates of F. graminearum or F. culmorum.

scholarly journals Effects of fungicides applied at anthesis on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxins in wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Cromey ◽  
R.A. Parkes ◽  
K.I. Sinclair ◽  
D.R. Lauren ◽  
R.C. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicides

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat can cause yield losses of 3070 More importantly affected grain may be less palatable to stock than healthy grain and may contain mycotoxins A field trial in 2000/01 tested several fungicides and fungicide combinations for FHB control FHB incidence was 91 in untreated plots The greatest reduction of FHB incidence grain Fusarium and mycotoxins was achieved with triazoles a benzimadazole or a combination of these Strobilurin fungicides reduced FHB although less effectively than the triazoles and carbendazim but Fusarium incidence was greater in grain harvested from strobilurintreated plots than in grain from untreated plots Combining strobilurin fungicides with fungicides from other groups did not further reduce Fusarium levels in harvested grain Nine Fusarium species and Microdochium nivale were isolated from grain harvested from the trial Fusarium graminearum and F avenaceum were most commonly isolated with F crookwellense and F culmorum also common

Fusarium root rot complex in soybean: Molecular characterization, trichothecene formation and cross-pathogenicity.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hafez ◽  
Ahmed Abdelmagid ◽  
Reem Aboukhaddour ◽  
Lorne R. Adam ◽  
Fouad Daayf
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fusarium Pathogens ◽  
First Time

Soybean is threatened by many pathogens that negatively affect this crop's yield and quality, e.g., different Fusarium species that cause wilting and root rot diseases. Fusarium root rot (FRR) in soybean can be caused by F. graminearum and other Fusarium spp. that are associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereals. Therefore, it was important to enquire whether Fusarium pathogens from soybean can cause disease in wheat, and vice versa. Here, we investigated the Fusarium root rot complex in Manitoba (Canada) from symptomatic plants, using both culture- and molecular-based methods. We developed a molecular diagnostic toolkit to detect and differentiate between several Fusarium spp. involved in FHB and FRR, then we evaluated cross-pathogenicity of selected Fusarium isolates collected from soybean and wheat, and the results indicate that isolates recovered from one host can infect the other host. Trichothecene production by selected Fusarium spp. was also analyzed chemically using LC-MS in both soybean (root) and wheat (spike) tissues. Trichothecenes were also analyzed in soybean seeds from plants with FRR to check the potentiality of trichothecene translocation from infected roots to the seeds. All of the tested Fusarium isolates were capable of producing trichothecenes in wheat spikes and soybean roots, but no trichothecenes were detected in soybean seeds. This study provided evidence, for the first time, that trichothecenes were produced by several Fusarium spp. (F. cerealis, F. culmorum and F. sporotrichioides) during FRR development in soybean.

Mycotoxins content and its association with changing patterns of Fusarium pathogens in wheat in the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sumíková ◽  
J. Chrpová ◽  
Z. Džuman ◽  
J. Salava ◽  
L. Štěrbová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Maximum Limit

Mycotoxin content in 244 samples of wheat ears randomly collected during 2014 and 2015 from various localities in the Czech Republic was analysed using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Mean mycotoxin concentration in 2014 was highest for deoxynivalenol (DON; 760 μg/kg), followed by zearalenone (ZEA; 115 μg/kg), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON; 88 μg/kg), deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (83 μg/kg), and enniatins (ENNs; 102 μg/kg). In 2015, DON (66 μg/kg) also had the highest concentration level, followed by ENNs (35 μg/kg), nivalenol (2 μg/kg), and beauvericin (2 μg/kg). The maximum limit for DON in the European Union (1,250 μg/kg) was exceeded in 2% of samples, and the maximum limit for ZEA (100 μg/kg) was exceeded in 0.8% of samples. Fusarium species causing head blight were identified using PCR assays. During 2014-2015, Fusarium poae considerably dominated (48.7% average value of occurrence in the samples). Other species were detected in much lower frequencies in both years: Fusarium graminearum (average frequency of occurrence 13.7%), Fusarium avenaceum (11.9%), Fusarium culmorum (4.2%), and Fusarium equiseti (2.9%). Fusarium langsethiae was identified only in 2015, at a frequency of 10.2%, and Fusarium sporotrichioides was present only sporadically in 2014.

scholarly journals Fusarium Head Blight of Cereals in Denmark: Species Complex and Related Mycotoxins

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 960-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Nielsen ◽  
J. D. Jensen ◽  
G. C. Nielsen ◽  
J. E. Jensen ◽  
N. H. Spliid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Yearly Variation ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Double Mass ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction differentiating 10 Fusarium spp. and Microdochium nivale or M. majus was applied to a total of 396 grain samples of wheat, barley, triticale, oat, and rye sampled across Denmark from 2003 to 2007, along with selected samples of wheat and barley from 1957 to 2000, to determine incidence and abundance of individual Fusarium spp. The mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, zearalenone, T-2, and HT-2 were quantified using liquid chromatography–double mass spectrometry. Major differences in the Fusarium species complex among the five cereals as well as great yearly variation were seen. Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. avenaceum were dominant in wheat, with DON as the dominant mycotoxin. F. langsethiae, F. culmorum, and F. avenaceum were dominant in barley and oat, leading to relatively high levels of the mycotoxins T-2 and HT-2. F. graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. avenaceum dominated in triticale and rye. The nontoxigenic M. nivale/majus were present in significant amounts in all cereal species. Wheat and barley samples from 1957 to 1996 exhibited no or very low amounts of F. graminearum, indicating a recent increase of this pathogen. Biomass and mycotoxin data exhibited good correlations between Fusarium spp. and their corresponding mycotoxins under field conditions.

Fusarium SPECIES AND TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXINS IN SUSPECT SAMPLES OF 1985 MANITOBA WHEAT

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ABRAMSON ◽  
R. M. CLEAR ◽  
T. W. NOWICKI
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
High Incidence

In 1985, abnormally high summer rainfall in southern Manitoba resulted in a high incidence of fusarium head blight symptoms in some samples of wheat delivered to primary elevators. Fifty-three wheat samples, containing between 0.2 and 5.4% (wt/wt) pink kernels and white "tombstone" kernels, were examined for Fusarium species and trichothecene mycotoxins. Fusarium species were found in 48 of the samples with F. graminearum in 30, F. sporotrichioides in 38, F. poae in 21, F. acuminatum in 21, F. avenaceum in 21, F. equiseti in 25, F. culmorum in 3, and F. oxysporum, F. sambucinum and F. subglutinans in 1 each. The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol was found in 39 samples at concentrations ≤ 1.40 ppm and in 1 sample at 3.65 ppm, diacetoxyscirpenol in 20 samples at ≤ 0.08 ppm, HT-2 toxin in 10 samples at < 0.05 ppm, and T-2 toxin in 11 samples at ≤ 0.20 ppm.Key words: Fusarium, trichothecenes, mycotoxins, wheat

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