Combined effect of beauvericin and T-2 toxin on antioxidant defence systems in cherry tomato shoots

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Paciolla ◽  
A. Florio ◽  
G. Mulè ◽  
A.F. Logrieco
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Glutathione Cycle

During their life cycle, plants can undergo simultaneous attack by different pathogens that produce various toxins. It is well known that in some plant-fungal interactions, mycotoxins play an important role in pathogenesis and induce a reactive oxygen species increase. Plants counteract the overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species by reinforcing their defence systems. The mycotoxins T-2 toxin (T-2) and beauvericin (BEA) are produced by some Fusarium species and have different chemical structures, mechanisms of action and biological activities. In this study, the individual and combined effects of these two toxins on defence systems, such as the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and peroxidases, were evaluated in cherry tomato shoots. Hydrogen peroxide content as an index of oxidative stress was also measured. Inhibitory effects on ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase and ascorbate, and stimulatory effects on glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase and reduced glutathione were observed when tomato plants were simultaneously treated with BEA and T-2. The trend of these biochemical parameters highlight the presence of a range of defence mechanisms activated by plants in response to mycotoxins. The interaction between BEA and T-2 resulting in synergistic and/or antagonistic effects on the studied defence systems is also discussed. It is concluded that the effects of these mycotoxins alone are not predictive of their combined effects.

Ascorbate and glutathione metabolism during development and desiccation of orthodox and recalcitrant seeds of the genus Acer

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislawa Pukacka ◽  
Ewelina Ratajczak
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Glutathione Cycle

The ascorbate–glutathione system was studied during development and desiccation of seeds of two Acer species differing in desiccation tolerance: Norway maple (Acer platanoides L., orthodox) and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L., recalcitrant). The results showed remarkable differences in the concentration and redox balance of ascorbate and glutathione between these two kinds of seeds during development, and a significant dependence between glutathione content and acquisition of desiccation tolerance in Norway maple seeds. There were relatively small differences between the species in the activities of enzymes of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle: ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MR, EC 1.6.5.4), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2). At the end of seed maturation, ascorbic acid content and the activities of the above enzymes was about the same in both species The electrophoretic pattern of APX isoenzymes was also similar for both species, and the intensity of the bands decreased at the end of seed maturation in both species. When sycamore seeds were desiccated to a moisture content of less than 26%, there was a marked decrease in seed viability and an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species. During desiccation, Norway maple seeds had a more active defence system, which was reflected in a higher glutathione content, a higher glutathione redox status, a higher ascorbate redox status, and higher activities of APX, MR, DHAR, GR and GPX (glutathione peroxidase). During desiccation, sulfhydryl-to-disulfide transition into proteins was more intense in Norway maple seeds than sycamore seeds. All of these results suggest that, in orthodox seeds, the ascorbate–glutathione cycle plays an important role in the acquisition of tolerance to desiccation, in protein maturation, and in protection from reactive oxygen species.

scholarly journals The toxic effect of Vu-Defr, a defensin from Vigna unguiculata seeds, on Leishmania amazonensis is associated with reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and plasma membrane perturbation

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géssika Silva Souza ◽  
Lais Pessanha de Carvalho ◽  
Edésio José Tenório de Melo ◽  
Valdirene Moreira Gomes ◽  
André de Oliveira Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Leishmania Amazonensis ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Membrane Perturbation ◽  
Plant Defensins

Plant defensins are plant antimicrobial peptides that present diverse biological activities in vitro, including the elimination of Leishmania amazonensis. Plant defensins are considered promising candidates for the development of new drugs. This protozoan genus has great epidemiological importance and the mechanism behind the protozoan death by defensins is unknown, thus, we chose L. amazonensis for this study. The aim of the work was to analyze the possible toxic mechanisms of Vu-Defr against L. amazonensis. For analyses, the antimicrobial assay was repeated as previously described, and after 24 h, an aliquot of the culture was tested for viability, membrane perturbation, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) inductions. The results of these analyses indicated that after interaction with L. amazonensis, the Vu-Defr causes elimination of promastigotes from culture, membrane perturbation, mitochondrial membrane collapse, and ROS induction. Our analysis demonstrated that NO is not produced after Vu-Defr and L. amazonensis interaction. In conclusion, our work strives to help to fill the gap relating to effects caused by plant defensins on protozoan and thus better understand the mechanism of action of this peptide against L. amazonensis.

The Combined Effects of Endotoxin and PM2.5 on Cytotoxicity and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in A549 Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 794-797
Author(s):  
Yu Shang ◽  
Lan Lan Fan ◽  
Ling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Oxygen Species

Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is found to be associated with adverse cardiopulmonary diseases. Endotoxin presented in PM is suggested to be one of the most important factors in triggering pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine release upon the exposure of PM. Pre-treated with endotoxin is found to enhance the inflammatory responses induced by PM in cultured cells. The aim of present study is to investigate the roles of endotoxin on the cytotoxicity and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by PM2.5 in a human lung epithelial cell line A549. The results find that PM2.5 induced a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability and pre-treated with endotoxin did not change the cytotoxicity of PM2.5 in A549 cells. Nevertheless the endotoxin significantly reduced the ROS generation in A549 induced by PM2.5 at the dose of 400 μg/mL. The results indicated that the combined effects of endotoxin and PM were complex and deserved further investigations.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species Acts as an Important Inducer in Low-temperature-induced Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Begonia semperflorens

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 486-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Qu ◽  
Xue Bai ◽  
Yajun Zhu ◽  
Rui Qi ◽  
Geng Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Superoxide Anions ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Glutathione Cycle ◽  
Begonia Semperflorens

Leaves of Begonia semperflorens accumulate anthocyanins and turn red under low temperature (LT). In the present work, LT increased H2O2 content and superoxide anions production rate, causing significant increases in the activities of enzymes and contents of reduced components involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH cycle). As a result, LT-exposed seedlings increased the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, and accumulated anthocyanin. Based on LT condition, application of N,N'-dimethylthiourea (DMTU) decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and unbalanced the AsA-GSH-controlled redox homeostasis. As a result, seedlings in the LT + DMTU group did not accumulate anthocyanin. Our results suggest that ROS may act as an important inducer in LT-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Erratum to: Reactive oxygen species mediated improvement in vigour of static and pulsed magneto-primed cherry tomato seeds

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Anjali Anand ◽  
Vijay Paul ◽  
Anil Dahuja ◽  
A. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Tomato Seeds

scholarly journals The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the Biological Activities of Metallic Nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdal Dayem ◽  
Mohammed Hossain ◽  
Soo Lee ◽  
Kyeongseok Kim ◽  
Subbroto Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species

Reactive oxygen species mediated improvement in vigour of static and pulsed magneto-primed cherry tomato seeds

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Anjali Anand ◽  
Vijay Paul ◽  
Anil Dahuja ◽  
A. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Tomato Seeds

scholarly journals The Effect of Environmental pH during Trichothecium roseum (Pers.:Fr.) Link Inoculation of Apple Fruits on the Host Differential Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 692
Author(s):  
Zhanhong Han ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Yang Bi ◽  
Yuanyuan Zong ◽  
Di Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Trichothecium Roseum ◽  
Apple Fruits

Trichothecium roseum is an important postharvest pathogen, belonging to an alkalizing group of pathogens secreting ammonia during fungal growth and colonization of apple fruits. Fungal pH modulation is usually considered a factor for improving fungal gene expression, contributing to its pathogenicity. However, the effects of inoculation with T. roseum spore suspensions at increasing pH levels from pH 3 up to pH 7, on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and scavenging capability of the apple fruits, affecting host susceptibility, indicate that the pH regulation by the pathogens also affects host response and may contribute to colonization. The present results indicate that the inoculation of T. roseum spores at pH 3 caused the lowest cell membrane permeability, and reduced malondialdehyde content, NADPH oxidases activity, O2●− and H2O2 production in the colonized fruit. Observations of the colonized area on the 9th day after inoculation at pH 3, showed that the rate of O2●− production and H2O2 content was reduced by 57% and 25%, compared to their activities at pH 7. In contrast, antioxidative activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidases of fruit tissue inoculated with spores’ suspension in the presence of a solution at pH 3.0 showed their highest activity. The catalase and peroxidases activities in the colonized tissue at pH 3 were higher by almost 58% and 55.9%, respectively, on the 6th day after inoculation compared to inoculation at pH 7. The activities of key enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle and their substrates and products by the 9th day after fruit inoculation at pH 3 showed 150%, 31%, 16%, and 110% higher activities of ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase, respectively, compared to pH 7. A similar pattern of response was also observed in the accumulation of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbate which showed a higher accumulation at pH 3 compared to the colonization at pH 7. The present results indicate that the metabolic regulation of the pH environment by the T. roseum not only modulates the fungal pathogenicity factors reported before, but it induces metabolic host changes contributing both together to fungal colonization.

scholarly journals Targeting biofilm inhibition using Quercetin – Interaction with bacterial cell membrane and ROS mediated biofilm control

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreelatha Sarangapani ◽  
Ayyavoo Jayachitra
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Biofilm Control ◽  
Enhanced Production

Background: Quercetin is an active nutraceutical ingredient widely distributed in foods, vegetables, fruits, and more. Quercetin is a versatile functional food with extensive protective effects against many infectious and degenerative diseases due to their antioxidant activities. Apsergillus niger is a filamentous fungus and the most abundant mold found in the environment. This fungus has been the source of several bioactive compounds and industrial enzymes through biotransformation.Aim: In this report we emphasized the potential of Aspergillus species for the selective conversion of rutin to quercetin, which involved stereoselective and regiospecific reactions with enhanced production and minimization of the formation of toxic wastes. This fungal microbe was able to transform the complex structure of rutin to quercetin with remarkable catalytic activity for the reaction with high product yield. The quercetin produced demonstrated the ability to inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate established biofilm involving the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) indicative of membrane activity. These results suggest quercetin may have implications in biofilm control targeting reactive oxygen species as a novel therapeutic strategy.Methods: Quercetin was synthesized by microbial biotransformation recruiting Aspergillus niger. The synthesis of quercetin was compared with the chemical process. Furthermore, the quercetin produced by the biotransformation process was characterized by high performance thin layer liquid chromatography. The quercetin produced was assessed for biological activities. The antimicrobial activity, hemolytic activity, inhibition of biofilm by crystal violet staining, and cell viability by confocal laser scanning microscope was assessed. The membrane interaction effect and oxidant scavenging effect by DPPH, Intracellular ROS release, and lipid peroxidation was measured.Results: Quercetin produced by microbial transformation demonstrated antimicrobial activity against S. aureus by effectively inhibiting the growth and dispersion of preformed biofilms. Quercetin demonstrated a significant free radical scavenging activity and significant inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Significant release of reactive oxygen species was observed in bacterial cells.Conclusion: In conclusion, the bio transformed quercetin exhibited disruptive potential of biofilm formation by preventing cell surface attachment and biofilm growth. Therefore, it can be suggested that the major public health benefits could be achieved by substantially increasing the consumption of quercetin rich foods.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms in human body

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Azab Elsayed Azab ◽  
 Almokhtar A Adwas ◽  
Ata Sedik Ibrahim Elsayed ◽  
Almokhtar A Adwas ◽  
 Ata Sedik Ibrahim Elsayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ischemic Heart Diseases ◽  
Wide Range

The present review aims to high light on the oxidative stress, and prevention by internal antioxidants and external antioxidants by some natural products possessing antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and detoxification favors an increase in ROS levels, leading to disturbed cellular function. ROS causes damage to cellular macromolecules causing lipid peroxidation, nucleic acid, and protein alterations. Their formation is considered as a pathobiochemical mechanism involved in the initiation or progression phase of various diseases such as atherosclerosis, ischemic heart diseases, diabetes, and initiation of carcinogenesis or liver diseases. In order to maintain proper cell signaling, it is likely that a number of radical scavenging enzymes maintain a threshold level of ROS inside the cell. However, when the level of ROS exceeds this threshold, an increase in ROS production may lead to excessive signals to the cell, in addition to direct damage to key components in signaling pathways. ROS can also irreversibly damage essential macromolecules. Protein-bound thiol and non-protein-thiol are the major cytosolic low molecular weight sulfhydryl compound that acts as a cellular reducing and a protective reagent against numerous toxic substances including most inorganic pollutants, through the –SH group. Hence, thiol is often the first line of defense against oxidative stress. Flavonoids have been found to play important roles in the non-enzymatic protection against oxidative stress, especially in the case of cancer. Flavonoids have occurred widely in tea, fruit, red wine, vegetables, and cocoas. Flavonoids, including flavones, flavanone, flavonols, and isoflavones, are polyphenolic compounds which are widespread in foods and beverages, and possess a wide range of biological activities, of which anti-oxidation has been extensively explored. It can be concluded that oxidative stress causes irreversible damage in cellular macromolecules that leads to initiation of various diseases such as atherosclerosis, ischemic heart diseases, liver diseases, diabetes, and initiation of carcinogenesis. Antioxidants inhibit reactive oxygen species production and scavenging of free radicals. Therefore, the review recommends that high consumption of natural foods that are rich in antioxidants will provide more protection against toxic agents and related diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document