Improve Kinetic Degradation Fluxion Filter Performance for Sterilization of Drinking Water by Magnetic Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Shadha Jalil Khal ◽  
Mahdi Shanshal J ◽  
Zinah Mohammed M
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Filter Performance

scholarly journals Impact of pretreatment on defluoridation of drinking water by bone char adsorption

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Teusner ◽  
Rhett Butler ◽  
Pierre Le Clech
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Gravity Driven

Fluoride concentrations in drinking water in excess of 1.5 mg L-1 are unsafe for human consumption. To reduce excess fluoride intake, developing countries must use low-cost, point-of-use defluoridation techniques. Although previous work has extensively assessed defluoridation using bone char (BC), most of the advanced studies have been based on the use of fluoridated distilled water as a feed solution. In the present study, BC columns were challenged with a range of model solutions, mimicking various pretreatment options. As a result, the relative impact of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and suspended solids (SS) on the performance of BC filters was assessed. In addition, the performance of a gravity-driven, hollow fibre ultrafiltration (UF) module was examined with regards to the potential for use as a pretreatment option. SS were observed to severely clog the columns and cause the complete cessation of flow. The subsequent removal of SS by UF improved the general filter performance as well as increasing the BC lifetime by 50 %. The UF module achieved a reduction in DOC of 34 ± 6 %, resulting in an additional 30 % increase in the lifetime of the BC column.

Biodegradation and attenuation of MIB and 2,4-D in drinking water biologically active sand and activated carbon filters

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 849-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle K. Shimabuku ◽  
Thomas L. Zearley ◽  
Katherine S. Dowdell ◽  
R. Scott Summers
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Contaminant Control ◽  
Variable Water ◽  
Trace Organic

Biologically acclimated sand and granular activated carbon (GAC) filter performance for trace organic contaminant control is compared under variable water quality and operational conditions.

Filtrate turbidity improvement of existing mono-media filters based on a pilot plant study

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1051-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supramaniam Suthaker ◽  
Daniel W. Smith ◽  
Stephen J. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Filter Performance

With the advancement of knowledge in drinking water and health impacts related to it, requirements for drinking water have progressively become more stringent. Removal of particulate matter causing turbidity has also been found to be an effective means for removal of microbial contaminants such as Giardia. The conventional treatment process most effective at removal of small particulates is filtration. Presented is a two-phase pilot-scale study used to select new filter media for the Rossdale Water Treatment Plant in Edmonton, Alberta. The study was necessitated by more stringent turbidity guidelines which existing filters would have difficulty achieving. The design and planning of the study had to consider constraints posed by upgrading of an existing filter facility which dictated the media depth and the allowable bed expansion during backwashing. Phase I involved a screening test of four types of media. Based on the phase I results, a crushed quartz and a dual-media consisting of anthracite and sand were selected for more detailed study in the second phase involving investigation of the effects of filtration rate (3.5–12.5 m/h). Filter performance was analyzed using different statistical methods. Factorial experimental concepts were used to study significant effects. Results from both phases indicated that crushed quartz consistently provided the best effluent quality, while the dual-media provided longer filter runs. Key words: water treatment, constant rate filtration, turbidity standards, filter media, crushed quartz, statistical analysis.

scholarly journals Assessment of a membrane drinking water filter in an emergency setting

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen H. J. Ensink ◽  
Andy Bastable ◽  
Sandy Cairncross
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
Internally Displaced Population

The performance and acceptability of the NeroxTM membrane drinking water filter were evaluated among an internally displaced population in Pakistan. The membrane filter and a control ceramic candle filter were distributed to over 3,000 households. Following a 6-month period, 230 households were visited and filter performance and use were assessed. Only 6% of the visited households still had a functioning filter, and the removal performance ranged from 80 to 93%. High turbidity in source water (irrigation canals), together with high temperatures and large family size were likely to have contributed to poor performance and uptake of the filters.

Evaluation of Particle Removal at Water Treatment Plants in Nova Scotia

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Eisnor ◽  
Kevin C. O'Leary ◽  
Graham A. Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Abstract The physical removal of colloidal particles, microorganisms and other particulate material is an important objective for drinking water utilities. Because of the low concentration of suspended material in drinking water, turbidity has traditionally been the main water quality parameter for assessing particle removal in water treatment. However, particle counting is becoming increasingly popular for process optimization in conventional plants and for monitoring membrane integrity in new microfiltration and/or ultrafiltration plants. The research describes a survey of particle removal at four water treatment plants in Nova Scotia. Turbidity and particle counts were analyzed in both raw and filtered water. The treatment processes of the four plants was compared using particle count data. The results indicate that particle counters are able to detect decreases in filter performance earlier than turbidimeters.

Water quality and filter performance of nutrient-, oxidant- and media-enhanced drinking water biofilters

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina K. Stoddart ◽  
Graham A. Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Mixed Outcomes

Enhancement strategies provided mixed outcomes for both water quality and filter performance metrics.

The effect of surges on the performance of rapid gravity filtration

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme D. E. Glasgow ◽  
Andrew D. Wheatley
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Filter Performance

Filters used in drinking water treatment are subject to small continuous flow rate fluctuations or surges. Large changes in rate are known to have a detrimental effect on filtrate quality. Less is known about the effects of surging. Past observations suggest that surging may significantly influence filter performance but the effect has yet to be confirmed under controlled conditions and the mechanisms critically examined. Two rapid filters were developed in the laboratory to investigate the influence of surging on performance. Reproducible performance was established before applying surges to one filter only. Measurements of head loss and turbidity were taken with depth and time. Surges were found to reduce filter performance. The fluctuations in flow were found to slow the rate of ripening of the filter, retard the rate of head loss development and reduce the removal efficiency. The experimental results obtained suggest that surging does have a significant effect on rapid filter performance.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Microbial Community Evenness and Function in Slow Sand Filters

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah-Jane Haig ◽  
Christopher Quince ◽  
Robert L. Davies ◽  
Caetano C. Dorea ◽  
Gavin Collins
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
World Population ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Filter Performance

ABSTRACT Two full-scale slow sand filters (SSFs) were sampled periodically from April until November 2011 to study the spatial and temporal structures of the bacterial communities found in the filters. To monitor global changes in the microbial communities, DNA from sand samples taken at different depths and locations within the SSFs and at different filters ages was used for Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, 15 water quality parameters were monitored to assess filter performance, with functionally relevant microbial members being identified by using multivariate statistics. The bacterial diversity in the SSFs was found to be much larger than previously documented, with community composition being shaped by the characteristics of the SSFs (filter age and depth) and sampling characteristics (month, side, and distance from the influent and effluent pipes). We found that several key genera (Acidovorax, Halomonas, Sphingobium, and Sphingomonas) were associated with filter performance. In addition, at the whole-community level, a strong positive correlation was found between species evenness and filter performance. This study is the first to comprehensively characterize the microbial community of SSFs and link specific microbes to water quality parameters. In doing so, we reveal key patterns in microbial community structure that relate to overall community function. IMPORTANCE The supply of sustainable, energy-efficient, and safe drinking water to an increasing world population is a huge challenge faced by the water industry. SSFs have been used for hundreds of years to provide a safe and reliable source of potable drinking water, with minimal energy requirements. However, a lack of knowledge pertaining to the treatment mechanisms, particularly the biological processes, underpinning SSF operation has meant that SSFs are still operated as “black boxes.” Understanding these dynamics alongside performance-induced effects associated with operational differences will promote optimized SSF design, maintenance, and operation, creating more efficient and environmentally sustainable filters. Through a spatial-temporal survey of full-scale SSFs at various points of operation, we present the most detailed characterization to date of the functional microbial communities found in SSFs, linking various taxa and community metrics to optimal water quality production.

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