Analysis of Free Amino Acid and Total Protein Content in Pollen of Some Allergenic Taxa

Cow, sheep and goat raw milk raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola territories (‘Alto Casertano’, Italy) were characterized (raw proteins, free and total amino acids content) to assess milk quality. Raw milk with the highest total protein content is sheep milk followed by goat and cow milk from both localities. Total amino acid content in cow, goat and sheep raw milk is 4.58, 4.81 and 6.62 g per 100 g, respectively, in which the most abundant amino acid is glutamic acid (~20.36 g per 100 g of proteins). Vice versa, the free amino acids content characteristic profiles are different for each species. In particular, the most abundant free amino acid in cow, sheep and goat raw milk is glutamic acid (9.07 mg per 100 g), tyrosine (4.72 mg per 100 g) and glycine (4.54 mg per 100 g), respectively. In addition, goat raw milk is a source of taurine (14.92 mg per 100 g), retrieved in low amount in cow (1.38 mg per 100 g) and sheep (2.10 mg per 100 g) raw milk. Overall, raw milk from ‘Alto Casertano’ show a high total protein content and are a good source of essential amino acids.

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Seasonal Dynamics of the Tissue Levels of Total Protein, Free Amino Acid and Ribonucleic Acid in an Indian Air-Breathing Teleost Channa punctatus

Acta Biologica Hungarica ◽

10.1007/bf03543184 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 135-144

Author(s):

A. B. Das ◽

R. Roy

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Free Amino Acid ◽

Seasonal Dynamics ◽

Total Protein ◽

Ribonucleic Acid ◽

Free Amino ◽

Channa Punctatus ◽

Air Breathing ◽

Tissue Levels

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LIPID AND PROTEIN IN GERMINATING AND DEVELOPING FLAXSEED LINUM USITATISSIMUM L.

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/y63-086 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 745-754 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. E. Huber ◽

Saul Zalik

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Protein Content ◽

Free Amino Acid ◽

Free Amino ◽

Dynamic Equilibrium ◽

Lipid Synthesis ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Total Content ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L

The metabolism of lipid and protein fractions in developing and germinating flaxseed was investigated. Fatty acid concentrations in the early-development stages of field- and greenhouse-grown plants showed similar increases, but the fatty acid composition of the mature seed appeared to be influenced by environment. The pattern of fatty acid interconversions during lipid synthesis suggested that more-unsaturated acids were formed from less-unsaturated ones. Studies at later stages of seed development indicated that the lipid was in a state of dynamic equilibrium. The relative proportions of each fatty acid during germination remained constant, suggesting that fatty acids were being broken down at a rate proportional to the amount originally present. During flaxseed development protein content increased steadily. Until 4 weeks after the plants had bloomed, the total content of each amino acid increased, but the free amino acid portion and amide nitrogen decreased. Subsequently all remained at a constant level. During germination the protein content and the proportions of the various amino acids of flaxseed remained constant but the free amino acid content rose. The radioisotope studies gave no clear indication of amino acid interconversions.

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Seed protein sources—Amino acid composition and total protein content of various plant seeds

Economic Botany ◽

10.1007/bf02859245 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 132-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

C. R. Smith ◽

M. C. Shekleton ◽

I. A. Wolff ◽

Quentin Jones

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Composition ◽

Protein Content ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Total Protein ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Total Protein Content ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Plant Seeds

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Transfer of serine into polypeptides and myosin by chromatographic species of seryl-transfer ribonucleic acid

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1460395 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 146 (2) ◽

pp. 395-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M Nwagwu

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Free Amino Acid ◽

Total Protein ◽

Ribonucleic Acid ◽

Free Amino ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Amino Acid Incorporation ◽

Acid Incorporation

The efficiencies of two chromatographic species of [3-H]seryl-tRNA, namely peaks I and II, in cell-free amino acid incorporation were investigated. The maximum yield of polypeptide seems to be the same for the reaction mixtures containing either peak I or peak II, suggesting that the efficiency of both peaks in total protein synthesis is the same. The efficiency of transfer of serine into myosin heavy subunit (myosin H) by peaks I and II was also investigated. Peak II of [3-H]seryl-tRNA transfers three times as much serine into myosin H as peak I.

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Mapping and Validation of QTLs for the Amino Acid and Total Protein Content in Brown Rice

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2020.00240 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Su Jang ◽

Jae-Hyuk Han ◽

Yoon Kyung Lee ◽

Na-Hyun Shin ◽

Yang Jae Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Protein Content ◽

Total Protein ◽

Brown Rice ◽

Total Protein Content

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LIPID AND PROTEIN IN GERMINATING AND DEVELOPING FLAXSEED LINUM USITATISSIMUM L.

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/o63-086 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 745-754 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. E. Huber ◽

Saul Zalik

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Protein Content ◽

Free Amino Acid ◽

Free Amino ◽

Dynamic Equilibrium ◽

Lipid Synthesis ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Total Content ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L

The metabolism of lipid and protein fractions in developing and germinating flaxseed was investigated. Fatty acid concentrations in the early-development stages of field- and greenhouse-grown plants showed similar increases, but the fatty acid composition of the mature seed appeared to be influenced by environment. The pattern of fatty acid interconversions during lipid synthesis suggested that more-unsaturated acids were formed from less-unsaturated ones. Studies at later stages of seed development indicated that the lipid was in a state of dynamic equilibrium. The relative proportions of each fatty acid during germination remained constant, suggesting that fatty acids were being broken down at a rate proportional to the amount originally present. During flaxseed development protein content increased steadily. Until 4 weeks after the plants had bloomed, the total content of each amino acid increased, but the free amino acid portion and amide nitrogen decreased. Subsequently all remained at a constant level. During germination the protein content and the proportions of the various amino acids of flaxseed remained constant but the free amino acid content rose. The radioisotope studies gave no clear indication of amino acid interconversions.

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Short Communication: Differences in Levels of Free Amino Acids and Total Protein in Human Foremilk and Hindmilk

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10121828 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1828 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Joris van Sadelhoff ◽

Dimitra Mastorakou ◽

Hugo Weenen ◽

Bernd Stahl ◽

Johan Garssen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Human Milk ◽

Protein Content ◽

Total Protein ◽

Free Amino Acids ◽

Free Amino ◽

Infant Development ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Total Protein Content

Free amino acids (FAAs) in human milk are indicated to have specific functional roles in infant development. Studies have shown differences between human milk that is expressed at the beginning of a feed (i.e., foremilk) and the remainder of the milk expressed (i.e., hindmilk). For example, it is well established that human hindmilk is richer in fat and energy than foremilk. Hence, exclusively feeding hindmilk is used to enhance weight gain of preterm, low birthweight infants. Whether FAAs occur differently between foremilk and hindmilk has never been reported, but given their bioactive capacities, this is relevant to consider especially in situations where hindmilk is fed exclusively. Therefore, this study analyzed and compared the FAA and total protein content in human foremilk and hindmilk samples donated by 30 healthy lactating women. The total protein content was found to be significantly higher in hindmilk (p < 0.001), whereas foremilk contained a significantly higher total content of FAAs (p = 0.015). With regards to individual FAAs, foremilk contained significantly higher levels of phenylalanine (p = 0.009), threonine (p = 0.003), valine (p = 0.018), alanine (p = 0.004), glutamine (p < 0.001), and serine (p = 0.012) than hindmilk. Although statistical significance was reached, effect size analysis of the milk fraction on FAA levels in milk revealed that the observed differences were only small. To what extent these differences are of physiological importance for infant development remains to be examined in future research.

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