Assessment of Drinking Water Microbial Contamination in Al-Butana Region of Sudan

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 856-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelmonem M. Abdella ◽  
Hago M. Abdel-Magi ◽  
Nadia A. Yahia
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbial Contamination

scholarly journals Reduction of Microbial Contamination in Drinking Water using Flocculant Settling

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Arshad Ali ◽  
Hashim Nissar Hasim ◽  
Ashfaq Ahmad ◽  
Intikhab Ahmad Qureashi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment

Pakistan is subjected to rapid water shortage due to different social and environmental problems. Moreover, the drinking water is being contaminated at an alarming rate that is mostly due to the discharge of untreated domestic and industrial effluent and agricultural run-off. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the water quality problems of the subject area and to determine a cost effective treatment technique. The main objective was to determine the removal efficiency of microbial contamination using flocculant settling. The main pollutants identified by conducting water quality tests are arsenic, fluoride, nitrates and microbial contamination. The maximum concentration of arsenic, fluoride, nitrates and microbial contamination were observed as 12ppb, 2.2mg/L, 26mg/L and 84 colonies/100mL, respectively. During discrete settling tests performed in a 12cft column, it was noticed that the removal of microbial contamination corresponding to a detention time of 225min is 26.7% only. While working on different coagulants, it was observed that the optimum alum, lime and magnesium dosage for the removal of microbial contamination is 31.5mg/L, 10.5mg/L and 27mg/L respectively. The final results of the study suggest that the use of lime as a coagulant to improve the quality of water in terms of microbial contamination is an effective and reliable technique, both in terms of its treatability performance and cost-effectiveness, which was noticed to be 77.7%.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v8i0.4909Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 8, 2011 JanuaryPage: 34-37Uploaded date: 17 June, 2011

scholarly journals Identification and management of microbial contaminations in a surface drinking water source

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Åström ◽  
T. J. R. Pettersson ◽  
T. A. Stenström
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The City

Microbial contamination of surface waters constitutes a health risk for drinking water consumers which may be lowered by closing the raw water intake. We have evaluated microbial discharge events reported in the river Göta älv, which is used for raw water supply to the city of Göteborg. Elevated levels of faecal indicator bacteria were observed during periods of closed raw water intake. High bacteria levels were, however, also occasionally detected during periods of open intake, probably as a result of microbial discharge far upstream in the river which may be difficult to predict and manage by closing the intake. Accumulated upstream precipitations, resulting in surface runoff and wastewater contaminations in the catchment, correlated positively with the levels of total coliforms, E. coli, intestinal enterococci and sulfite-reducing clostridia. Levels of faecal indicator organisms were negatively correlated to the water temperature due to enhanced survival at lower temperatures. Wastewater discharges from a municipality located just upstream of the water intake resulted in elevated E. coli concentrations downstream at the raw water intake for Göteborg. To improve the prediction of microbial contaminations within the river Göta älv, monitoring data on turbidity and upstream precipitation are of particular importance.

scholarly journals Public Health Risks Associated with Heavy Metal and Microbial Contamination of Drinking Water in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3982
Author(s):  
Paul J Molino ◽  
Richard Bentham ◽  
Michael J Higgins ◽  
Jason Hinds ◽  
Harriet Whiley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Public Health Risks ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
The Impact

Recently in Australia concerns have been raised regarding the contamination of municipal drinking water supplies with lead. This is of particular concern to children due to the impact of lead exposure on cognitive development and as such these findings have received much media attention. The response from legislators has been swift, and The Victorian School Building Authority has announced that all new schools and school upgrade works will only use lead-free tapware and piping systems. However, while the immediate replacement of lead-containing brass fittings may seem a logical and obvious response, it does not consider the potential implications on microbial contamination. This is particularly concerning given the increasing public health threat posed by opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPPs). This commentary explores this public health risk of lead exposure from plumbing materials compared to the potential public health risks from OPPPs. Non-tuberculous mycobacterium was chosen as the example OPPP, and the influence on plumbing material and its public health burden in Australia is explored. This commentary highlights the need for future research into the influence of plumbing material on OPPPs prior to any changes in legislation regarding plumbing material.

Rainwater harvesting solar pasteurization treatment systems for the provision of an alternative water source in peri-urban informal settlements

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Reyneke ◽  
Thomas Eugene Cloete ◽  
Sehaam Khan ◽  
Wesaal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Urban Informal Settlements ◽  
Alternative Water

Solar pasteurization systems are able to reduce microbial contamination in rainwater to within drinking water guidelines and thereby provide households in informal settlements and rural areas with an alternative water source.

scholarly journals Drinking water quality assessment and water quality index of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrasoul Al-Omran ◽  
Fahad Al-Barakah ◽  
Abdullah Altuquq ◽  
Anwar Aly ◽  
Mahmoud Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Main Zone ◽  
Class V ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

One hundred and eighty drinking water samples were collected from five zones of Riyadh governorate including Riyadh main zone, Ulia, Nassim, Shifa, and Badiah zones. The water was collected from the main water network and underground and upper household tanks in each zone. The water quality was found to be acceptable for drinking with respect to chemical characteristics; however, analyses exhibited some microbial contamination. The water quality index (WQI) is a mathematical method used to facilitate water quality explanation. The WQI was calculated using several physico-chemical and microbial parameters. The results showed that more than 88% of Riyadh main zone, 91% of Ulia, 97% of Nassim, 88% of Shifa, and 100% of Badiah waters zones were considered excellent for drinking (class I). The remaining waters were considered unsuitable for drinking (class V) due to microbial contamination.

Microbial contamination and environmental factors of drinking water source for households with children under five years old in two South China ethnic groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1514-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Fang Long ◽  
Spencer Lloyd ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Qiao Li ◽  
HaiRong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Under Five

The article aimed to find the causes of microbial contamination of drinking water source, by exploring the influencing factors of water on the incidence of diarrhea in children. Random stratified-cluster sampling was used to study Li and Han communities of rural Lingshui County with regard to water quality and environmental sanitation. Water samples were evaluated for microbial contamination using National Standard of the People's Republic of China and World Health Organization drinking water standards. Data were compared between ethnic groups. Li communities had more contamination than Han. The correlation between the frequency of diarrhea among children and the presence of microorganisms in the water was positive, for both total coliforms and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Regression analysis showed the substandard risk factors of total coliforms for source water were type of water supply (OR = 3.508) and garbage disposal methods (OR = 2.430). For E. coli, risk factors included the source of water supply (OR = 2.417); depth of wells (OR = 0.536) and distance of wells from the cesspit (OR = 0.723). The content of bacterium in drinking water source was high in the rural county. Water from open wells had higher contamination rates than water from centralized systems and tube-well sources. Improvement of water supply and environmental hygiene would decrease diarrheal diseases among children under five.

scholarly journals Microbial Risks in Household UF Purifiers and Disinfection Strategy with Electrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 02028
Author(s):  
Yucheng Chen ◽  
Jian-nan Fu ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Jian Ding ◽  
Xiaoying Lian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Pilot Test ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Hygienic Standard ◽  
Microbial Risks

The research studied microbial deterioration in household ultrafiltration membrane (UF) purifiers with residence time and anti-bacterial strategy with electrolysis. The pilot test was conducted on a household drinking water purifier. A 72-h stagnation test and a 60-min anti-bacterial test with electrolysis were subsequently done. There were some findings in this study: (1) The level of HPC exceeded the hygienic standard when the stagnation time was more than 3 h. (2) The lag phase of bacterial growth was no more than 12 h in filters. (3) With the method of electrolysis, microbial contamination induced by water stagnation can be controlled in the acceptable range, which was more efficient than the method of flushing with tap water.

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