scholarly journals Reduction of Microbial Contamination in Drinking Water using Flocculant Settling

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Arshad Ali ◽  
Hashim Nissar Hasim ◽  
Ashfaq Ahmad ◽  
Intikhab Ahmad Qureashi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment

Pakistan is subjected to rapid water shortage due to different social and environmental problems. Moreover, the drinking water is being contaminated at an alarming rate that is mostly due to the discharge of untreated domestic and industrial effluent and agricultural run-off. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the water quality problems of the subject area and to determine a cost effective treatment technique. The main objective was to determine the removal efficiency of microbial contamination using flocculant settling. The main pollutants identified by conducting water quality tests are arsenic, fluoride, nitrates and microbial contamination. The maximum concentration of arsenic, fluoride, nitrates and microbial contamination were observed as 12ppb, 2.2mg/L, 26mg/L and 84 colonies/100mL, respectively. During discrete settling tests performed in a 12cft column, it was noticed that the removal of microbial contamination corresponding to a detention time of 225min is 26.7% only. While working on different coagulants, it was observed that the optimum alum, lime and magnesium dosage for the removal of microbial contamination is 31.5mg/L, 10.5mg/L and 27mg/L respectively. The final results of the study suggest that the use of lime as a coagulant to improve the quality of water in terms of microbial contamination is an effective and reliable technique, both in terms of its treatability performance and cost-effectiveness, which was noticed to be 77.7%.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v8i0.4909Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 8, 2011 JanuaryPage: 34-37Uploaded date: 17 June, 2011

scholarly journals Drinking water quality assessment and water quality index of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrasoul Al-Omran ◽  
Fahad Al-Barakah ◽  
Abdullah Altuquq ◽  
Anwar Aly ◽  
Mahmoud Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Main Zone ◽  
Class V ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

One hundred and eighty drinking water samples were collected from five zones of Riyadh governorate including Riyadh main zone, Ulia, Nassim, Shifa, and Badiah zones. The water was collected from the main water network and underground and upper household tanks in each zone. The water quality was found to be acceptable for drinking with respect to chemical characteristics; however, analyses exhibited some microbial contamination. The water quality index (WQI) is a mathematical method used to facilitate water quality explanation. The WQI was calculated using several physico-chemical and microbial parameters. The results showed that more than 88% of Riyadh main zone, 91% of Ulia, 97% of Nassim, 88% of Shifa, and 100% of Badiah waters zones were considered excellent for drinking (class I). The remaining waters were considered unsuitable for drinking (class V) due to microbial contamination.

scholarly journals A new treatment design for water contaminated with phenol

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Ali Abdul Rahman-Al Ezzi ◽  
Salam H. Alhamdiny
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Retention Period ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment

Background: Several important designs have been applied to remove toxic and hazardous organic substances like phenol and phenol compounds from wastewater, but there is a need to seek an alternative design to effectively remove organic pollutants from water to less hazardous compounds and a costeffective system. Methods: A modified internal loop airlift reactor was designed to remove the organic pollutants in synthetic wastewater using an efficient and cost-effective treatment technique by means of a synergistic effect of combination oxidation, stripping, and adsorption. The influence of the current style was experimentally examined in the treatment of synthetic phenol contaminated wastewater. The practical device was tested under different airflow rates range (2-15 L/min) through gross difference retention period (5-60 minutes) at a various molar ratio of phenol to hydrogen peroxide ranging from 1:10 to 1:20. Results: It was revealed that the preferred molar ratio of phenol to hydrogen peroxide equals to 1:20. Moreover, the airflow rate is 15 L/min with longer retention period of 60 minutes, indicating the maximum removal efficiency (89%) of phenol from the synthetic wastewater. Conclusion: Successful removal of phenol from water by the removal efficiency of 89% boosts the success of the executed design as well as the scenario of conducting the synergistic processes (stripping, oxidation and adsorption) in one device and also increases the chances of solving environmental problems via treating wastewater before recycling and releasing it into natural water sources.

scholarly journals Inequalities in microbial contamination of drinking water supplies in urban areas: the case of Lilongwe, Malawi

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 851-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akosua Sarpong Boakye-Ansah ◽  
Giuliana Ferrero ◽  
Maria Rusca ◽  
Pieter van der Zaag
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Faecal Contamination ◽  
Household Level

Over past decades strategies for improving access to drinking water in cities of the Global South have mainly focused on increasing coverage, while water quality has often been overlooked. This paper focuses on drinking water quality in the centralized water supply network of Lilongwe, the capital of Malawi. It shows how microbial contamination of drinking water is unequally distributed to consumers in low-income (unplanned areas) and higher-income neighbourhoods (planned areas). Microbial contamination and residual disinfectant concentration were measured in 170 water samples collected from in-house taps in high-income areas and from kiosks and water storage facilities in low-income areas between November 2014 and January 2015. Faecal contamination (Escherichia coli) was detected in 10% of the 40 samples collected from planned areas, in 59% of the 64 samples collected from kiosks in the unplanned areas and in 75% of the 32 samples of water stored at household level. Differences in water quality in planned and unplanned areas were found to be statistically significant at p < 0.05. Finally, the paper shows how the inequalities in microbial contamination of drinking water are produced by decisions both on the development of the water supply infrastructure and on how this is operated and maintained.

scholarly journals Limnochemistry of Three Freshwater Springs of Kashmir Himalaya

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Ullah Bhat ◽  
Ashok K. Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Kashmir Himalaya ◽  
Dissolved Silica ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Freshwater Springs

The present investigation was carried out during 2005-06 on three limnocrene freshwater springs located in single groundwater area in Kokergund (Yaripora) of District Kulgam, Kashmir, India. A perusal of the data showed that these springs were hard water type with slightly lower values of dissolved oxygen (DO) (1.2-6.4mg/L). The ionic composition of the spring waters revealed the predominance of bicarbonate and calcium over the other ions with usual ionic progression as HCO3- >Ca++ >Mg++ >Na+ >K+. None of the parameters studied foated the standards set by WHO for drinking water quality. However, relatively higher values of NO3-N (2500-3900µg/L), but well within the per-missible limits of WHO, were observed. The dissolved silica did not show any temporal variation between the different months but exhibited slight spatial variations (17.8-21mg/L).Key words: Limn chemistry; Water quality; Groundwater; Kashmir HimalayaDOI: 10.3126/hn.v7i0.4237Hydro Nepal Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Vol. 7, July, 2010Page: 54-59Uploaded date: 31 January, 2011

scholarly journals Cost-Effective and Eco-Friendly Methods for Lake Water- Purification

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Savita Dixit ◽  
Shlok Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Fishery Resource ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs

Lakes and reservoirs are very important property for people’s life, industrial activities and so on. They provide various benefits to us, such as securing water resources for drinking, agriculture and industrial use, fishery resource, flood control functions and ecosystem integrities. However, because of the closed nature of lakes’ water system, pollution tends to accumulate therein, once water is polluted, it is difficult to improve the water quality. In Addition, the situation is that a remarkable improving tendency of the water quality of lakes is not seen due to the increase of the pollutant load by the economic change and the increase of the Industrialization and population as well as the change in the lake environment. Bhopal city popularly known as the city of lakes, have more than eighteen water bodies. Out of eighteen water bodies, few are source of drinking water after preliminary treatment. Rest of the water bodies serves secondary purposes like irrigation, fisheries and recreational activities etc. These two lakes are Shahpura Lakeand Lower Lake. Shahpura Lake is situated in new Bhopal city where as Lower Lake is situated in old city. Both are eutrophic and sewage fed lake. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v16i0.12223          HYDRO Nepal  Journal of Water Energy and Environment Issue. 16, 2015, January Page: 40-43 Upload date: March 1, 2015 

Perceived Water Quality, Microbial Contamination, and Point of Use Treatment of Drinking Water

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-354
Author(s):  
Christine Poulos ◽  
Sumeet R. Patil ◽  
Subhrendu K. Pattanayak ◽  
Jui-Chen Yang ◽  
Siri Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Point Of Use

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Groundwater Boiling as Household Water Treatment in Metro and Bekasi Cities, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Rioneli Ghaudenson ◽  
Cindy Rianti Priadi ◽  
Tim Foster
Keyword(s):  
Water Storage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference

Groundwater serves as a major drinking water source due to inadequate piped supplies in Indonesia. To eliminate the health risks associated with groundwater consumption, boiling appears as the most suitable and cost-effective treatment technique and widely practiced in Indonesia. Despite treatment efforts, inappropriate water storage and handling practices pose a higher risk of recontamination after treatment. The objective of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of groundwater boiling and treated water recontamination in Metro and Bekasi cities, Indonesia. Groundwater at the source and point of use samples were surveyed and assessed from a total of 116 households, resulting in 60% and 35% E. coli contamination, respectively. Paired testing involving boiling observed a reduction in microbial risk for 45% of households. However, 12% samples had an increase in risk even though boiling was reported. Furthermore, E. coli concentration at source prior to boiling and point of use after boiling showed a statistically significant difference (N=111, P<0.01). This study demonstrated the effectiveness of boiling in reducing contamination, although recontamination was evident in some cases, likely due to unsafe water storage and unhygienic environment.

Testing the Water: Drinking Water Quality, Public Notification, and Child Outcomes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Michelle Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Emergency Room Visits ◽  
Public Notification

Health-based drinking water violations affect about 1 in 12 Americans annually, the benefits of drinking water regulation are not well understood. I exploit plausibly exogenous variation in water quality violation timing to estimate the impacts on avoidance behavior and child outcomes. Using purchases of bottled water and common stomach remedies, emergency room visits for gastrointestinal illness, and school absences, I provide a comprehensive calculation of costs associated with poor drinking water quality. Individuals avoid the negative health impacts of coliform bacteria violations only when informed immediately. Timely public notification is a cost-effective way to induce avoidance behavior and protect health.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document