Periodic Variation in Trypanosoma Infection Rates in Trade Small Ruminants at Slaughter in Kaduna Central Abattoir

Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes tick-borne fever in small ruminants. Recently, novel Anaplasma variants related to A. phagocytophilum have been reported in ruminants from Tunisia, Italy, South Korea, Japan, and China. Based on 16S rRNA and groEL genes and sequencing, we screened the frequency of A. phagocytophilum and related variants in 433 apparently healthy small ruminants in Turkey. Anaplasma spp. overall infection rates were 27.9% (121/433 analyzed samples). The frequency of A. phagocytophilum and A. phagocytophilum-like 1 infections was 1.4% and 26.5%, respectively. No A. phagocytophilum-like 2 was detected in the tested animals. The prevalence of Anaplasma spp. was comparable in species, and no significant difference was detected between sheep and goats, whereas the prevalence significantly increased with tick infestation. Sequencing confirmed PCR-RFLP data and showed the presence of A. phagocytophilum and A. phagocytophilum-like-1 variant in the sampled animals. Phylogeny-based on 16S rRNA gene revealed the A. phagocytophilum-like 1 in a separate clade together with the previous isolates detected in small ruminants and ticks. In this work, A. phagocytophilum-like 1 has been detected for the first time in sheep and goats from Turkey. This finding revealed that the variant should be considered in the diagnosis of caprine and ovine anaplasmosis.

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Synanthropic triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: geographical distribution and natural Trypanosoma infection rates between 2006 and 2007

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822012000100012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 60-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Maria Beatriz Araújo Silva ◽

Ana Virgínia Matos Sá Barreto ◽

Helker Albuquerque da Silva ◽

Cleber Galvão ◽

Dayse Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geographical Distribution ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

The State ◽

Triatoma Infestans ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Triatoma Sordida ◽

Synanthropic Species ◽

Trypanosoma Infection ◽

Entomological Data

INTRODUCTION: The present study shows a descriptive analysis of triatomine occurrence and its natural Trypanosoma infection rates in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, between 2006 and 2007. METHODS: Entomological data for the species, such as specimens captured in both intra and peridomiciles and natural infection index, were obtained via domiciliary capture in 147 municipalities from 11 Regional Managements of Health. The database was obtained from a sample of insects (100% infected and 20% non-infected) sent to the Central Laboratory of Pernambuco. RESULTS: A total of 18,029 triatomines were analyzed from 138 municipalities of the state. Triatoma pseudomaculata (35%), Triatoma brasiliensis (34%), and Panstrongylus lutzi (25%) were the most captured species. These species also showed a widespread geographical distribution in the state. Panstrongylus megistus, Triatoma petrocchiae, Triatoma melanocephala, Triatoma sordida, Rhodnius nasutus, Rhodnius neglectus, and Triatoma infestans showed more limited geographical distribution and lower relative abundance. The parasitological research showed that 8.8% of the triatomines were naturally infected with flagellates morphologically similar to Trypanosoma cruzi and 91.3% of them were captured inside houses in 113 municipalities. P. lutzi showed the highest rates of natural infection. CONCLUSIONS: After the control of T. infestans, synanthropic species, such as T. brasiliensis, T. pseudomaculata, and P. lutzi, maintain the risk of T. cruzi transmission to humans in the state of Pernambuco. These species are widely distributed, and infected specimens have been found inside houses. Thus, an enhanced surveillance and vector control of Chagas disease is recommended in Pernambuco.

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An epidemiological investigation of gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants in Tangail, Bangladesh

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.3329/jbau.v15i2.35071 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Md Atikur Rahman ◽

Sharmin Shahid Labony ◽

Anita Rani Dey ◽

Mohammad Zahangir Alam

Keyword(s):

Small Ruminant ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Control Measures ◽

Effective Control ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Eimeria Spp ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Fasciola Spp

Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitism is anegregious problem in small ruminant production system due to is impact on growth and associated cost of control measures. An epidemiological study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants from different areas of Madhupur, Tangail. The stool samples were collected from a total of 426 goats and sheep from study areas. Specimens were subjected to Stoll’s ova counting technique and the overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection was found 63.4%. Overall prevalence of nematodes, cestodes, trematodes and protozoa was 52.11%, 2.11%, 36.62% and 10.33%, respectively. The prevalence of parasites were variable with Fasciola spp. (8.45%), Paramphistomum spp. (28.17%), Monieziaspp. (2.11%), Haemonchus spp. (31.22%), Trichurisspp. (1.17%), Oesophagostomum spp. (10.80%), Strongyloides spp. (4.93%), Trichostrongylus spp. (2.35%), Bunostomum spp. (1.64%), Eimeria spp. (24%) and Balantidium spp. (6.34%). Parasitic ova counts in male and female exhibited no significant variations (p>0.05) between them. The infection was significantly higher (65.11%) in adult than in young (58.09%). No significant (p>0.05) variation was observed in infection rates between goats (64.09%) and sheep (60.67%). Seasonal variation was found significant between rainy (72.44%), winter (56.72%) and summer (61.82%) seasons. Animals with poor body conditions (74.67%) were mostly affected compared to those with moderate (62.38%) and good (39.00%) body conditions. Further attempt is necessary for a structured surveillance and monitoring of GI parasites to formulate effective control measures.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 255-259, December 2017

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Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in small ruminants

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200012497 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 2003 ◽

pp. 90-90

Author(s):

J. B. Machete ◽

G. Cringoli ◽

L. Rinaldi ◽

D. Otranto ◽

B. Guida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Detection ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Multiple Infection ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Mortality And Morbidity

Ticks and tick-borne pathogens are responsible for mortality and morbidity in livestock, wildlife, pets and humans in many countries. However, detection is difficult with multiple infection cases and low infection rates in carrier animals. We used a macro-array-based method to simultaneously detect tick-borne pathogens.

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