scholarly journals Synanthropic triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: geographical distribution and natural Trypanosoma infection rates between 2006 and 2007

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Beatriz Araújo Silva ◽  
Ana Virgínia Matos Sá Barreto ◽  
Helker Albuquerque da Silva ◽  
Cleber Galvão ◽  
Dayse Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Triatoma Sordida ◽  
Synanthropic Species ◽  
Trypanosoma Infection ◽  
Entomological Data

INTRODUCTION: The present study shows a descriptive analysis of triatomine occurrence and its natural Trypanosoma infection rates in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, between 2006 and 2007. METHODS: Entomological data for the species, such as specimens captured in both intra and peridomiciles and natural infection index, were obtained via domiciliary capture in 147 municipalities from 11 Regional Managements of Health. The database was obtained from a sample of insects (100% infected and 20% non-infected) sent to the Central Laboratory of Pernambuco. RESULTS: A total of 18,029 triatomines were analyzed from 138 municipalities of the state. Triatoma pseudomaculata (35%), Triatoma brasiliensis (34%), and Panstrongylus lutzi (25%) were the most captured species. These species also showed a widespread geographical distribution in the state. Panstrongylus megistus, Triatoma petrocchiae, Triatoma melanocephala, Triatoma sordida, Rhodnius nasutus, Rhodnius neglectus, and Triatoma infestans showed more limited geographical distribution and lower relative abundance. The parasitological research showed that 8.8% of the triatomines were naturally infected with flagellates morphologically similar to Trypanosoma cruzi and 91.3% of them were captured inside houses in 113 municipalities. P. lutzi showed the highest rates of natural infection. CONCLUSIONS: After the control of T. infestans, synanthropic species, such as T. brasiliensis, T. pseudomaculata, and P. lutzi, maintain the risk of T. cruzi transmission to humans in the state of Pernambuco. These species are widely distributed, and infected specimens have been found inside houses. Thus, an enhanced surveillance and vector control of Chagas disease is recommended in Pernambuco.

scholarly journals Triatominae fauna (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and the influence of climatic elements on their populations.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Cominetti ◽  
Renato Andreotti
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
The State ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Triatoma Sordida ◽  
Control Work ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Climatic Elements

Introduction: The objective of this work was to study Triatomine fauna captured during the period from 2006–2014 in Mato Grosso do Sul and to investigate the influence of climatic elements on these populations by providing subsidies to guide vector control work in the state. Methods: We verified the natural infection rate, the abundance of classes, constancy, frequency and dominance, and the influence of climatic factors on the frequency of triatomine. Results: Of the 14,178 specimens collected, 2,118 (14.94%) were domiciliary, and 12,060 (85.06%) were peridomiciles. The rate of natural infection in Triatoma matogrossensis was 18.18%, followed by Rhodnius neglectus (0.46%) and Triatoma sordida (0.27%). Triatoma sordida was the most frequent species: constant, abundant and dominant. We observed the influence of climatic factors on the encounter of insects during the period from January to December and throughout the eight years of the study period. Climatic factors such as relative humidity affect the frequency of insects. Conclusions: Although Mato Grosso do Sul is considered free of endemic vector transmission by Triatoma infestans, the persistent encounter vectors naturally infected by Trypanosoma cruzi remain worthy of attention, and the information in this work may improve actions to combat the vector in the state better selecting the periods and favorable environmental conditions for control using insecticides, ensuring greater efficiency and decreasing the possibilities of the vector triatomine becoming resistant to the chemical agent.

Chagas Disease Vectors of Paraguay: Entomoepidemiological Aspects of Triatoma sordida (Stål, 1859) and Development of an Identification Key for Paraguayan Triatomines Based on Cytogenetics Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilsa Elizabeth Gonzalez Britez ◽  
Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi ◽  
Ariane Cristina Caris Garcia ◽  
Clara Elena Martínez Purroy ◽  
Cleber Galvão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Cytogenetic Data ◽  
Triatoma Sordida ◽  
Chagas Disease Vectors

Approximately 150,000 people are living with Chagas disease in Paraguay. Although the country has been since 2008 considered as one of the countries that succeeded in interrupted the vector transmission of Chagas by Triatoma infestans in houses of the eastern region, there are nine other species notified in the country that are potential vectors and also deserve attention from vector control programs. Thus, we carried out an entomoepidemiological study of T. sordida in the eastern and western regions of the country and we developed an identification key for Paraguay's triatomines based on cytogenetic data. Between the years 2003 to 2004, 271 specimens of T. sordida were captured in domestic, peridomestic, and wild ecotopes, with 131 insects caught in the eastern (Alto Paraguay, Boquerón and Pte. Hayes) and 140 in the western region of Paraguay (Guairá and Paraguarí). High rates of peridomicillary infestation were observed for both regions. Besides that, the natural infection of the captured insects was detected by optical microscopy in 12% and 10%, and by PCR in 21% and 20% in the eastern and western regions, respectively. Based on cytogenetic data from nine of ten species notified in Paraguay, an identification key was developed to differentiate all taxa. Thus, given the vectorial importance of T. sordida, we highlight the need for continued attention from Paraguay's vector control programs for this species. Further, we provide a taxonomic key that assists in the correct classification of Paraguayan triatomines.

scholarly journals Studies in search of a suitable experimental insect model for xenodiagnosis of hosts with Chagas' disease. 1 - Comparative xenodiagnosis with nine triatomine species of animals with acute infections by Trypanosoma cruzi

1982 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Perlowagora-Szumlewicz ◽  
Carlos Alberto Muller
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Triatoma Sordida ◽  
High Infection

In search of a suitable vector species for xenodiagnosis of humans and animals with chronic Chagas' disease we first investigated the reactions of different vector species to acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Vector species utilized in this study were: Triatoma infestans, Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma dimidiata, all well adapted to human habitats; Triatoma rubrovaria and Rhodnius neglectus both considered totally wild species; Panstrongylus megistus, Triatoma sordida, Triatoma pseudomaculata and Triatoma brasiliensis, all essentially sylvatic but some with domiciliary tendencies and others restricted to peridomestic biotopes with incipient colonization of human houses after successful eradication of T. infestans. Results summarized in Table IV suggest the following order of infectivity among the 9 studied vector species: P. megistus with 97.8% of infected bugs, T. rubrovaria with 95% of positive bugs a close second followed by T. Pseudomaculata with 94.3% and R. neglectus with 93.8% of infected bugs, almost identical thirds. R. prolixus, T. infestans and T. dimidiata exhibited low infection rates of 53.1%, 51.6% and 38.2% respectively, coupled with sharp decreases occuring with aging of infection (Fig. 1). The situation was intermediate in T. brasiliensis and T. sordida infection rates being 76.9% and 80% respectively. Results also point to the existence of a close correlation between prevalence and intensity of infection in that, species with high infection rates ranging from 93.8% to 97.8% exhibited relatively large proportions of insects (27.3% - 33.5%) harbouring very dense populations of T. cruzi. In species with low infection rates ranging from 38.2% to 53.1% the proportion of bugs demonstrating comparable parasite densities was at most 6%. No differences attributable to blood-meal size or to greater susceptibility of indigenous vector species to parasites of their own geographical area, as suggested in earlier...

scholarly journals Infestation of Palm Trees by Triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in the State of Bahia, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves ◽  
Gilmar Ribeiro Júnior ◽  
Eraldo Medeiros da Costa Neto
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
The State ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Triatoma Sordida ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
Suitable Habitats

Palm trees play important roles as breeding and foraging habitats for sylvatic triatomines, vectors of Chagas disease. The occurrence of triatomines in peridomestic palm trees may increase the risk of invasion in households and should therefore be considered to develop prevention strategies. In order to investigate the infestation of palm trees by triatomines in the state of Bahia and to determine their natural infection with Trypanosoma spp., we sampled 183 palms in 12 municipalities between 2006 and 2011 using manual capture and/or mouse-baited adhesive traps. Triatomines were detected in 79 palms (43%) such as Copernicia prunifera, (Mart.) Becc., Mauritia flexuosa L. and Attalea spp. (Attalea burretiana Bondar or Attalea salvadorensis Glassman). In other palm species (Syagrus coronata (Mill) H.E. Moore, Attalea funifera Mart ex. Spreng, and Elaeis guineensis Jacq) triatomines were not detected. Rhodnius neglectus Lent, Triatoma sordida (Stål), and Triatoma pseudomaculata Corrêa & Espínola occurred in C. prunifera along the São Francisco River. In western Bahia, R. neglectus and Psammolestes tertius Lent & Jurberg were detected in M. flexuosa, while Triatoma tibiamaculata (Pinto) occurred in Attalea sp. in urban areas of Salvador on the coast of Bahia. Overall, 180 triatomines were captured, mainly R. neglectus. T. tibiamaculata had the highest rate of natural infection (61%). The results indicate that at least three species of palms are suitable habitats for triatomines in the state of Bahia and occur in peridomestic environment, what may enhance the probability of triatomine invasion into houses. Infestação de Palmeiras por Triatomíneos (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) no Estado da Bahia, Brasil Resumo. As palmeiras desempenham papéis importantes como habitats de reprodução e alimentação para triatomíneos silvestres, vetores da doença de Chagas. A ocorrência de triatomíneos em palmeiras peridomiciliares pode aumentar o risco de invasão desses insetos em domicílios e deve ser considerada para desenvolver estratégias de prevenção. Com objetivo de investigar a infestação de palmeiras por triatomíneos no Estado da Bahia e determinar a infecção natural desses insetos por Trypanosoma spp., foram amostradas 183 palmeiras em 12 municípios entre 2006 e 2011 utilizando captura manual e/ou armadilhas adesivas iscadas com camundongos. Os triatomíneos foram detectados em 79 palmeiras (43%) das espécies Copernicia prunifera (Mart.) Becc., Mauritia flexuosa L. e Attalea spp. (Attalea burretiana Bondar ou Attalea salvadorensis Glassman). Em outras espécies de palmeiras (Syagrus coronata (Mill) H.E. Moore, Attalea funifera Mart ex. Spreng e Elaeis guineensis Jacq) não foram detectados triatomíneos. Rhodnius neglectus Lent, Triatoma sordida (Stål), e Triatoma pseudomaculata Corrêa & Espínola ocorreram em C. prunifera ao longo do rio São Francisco. No extremo oeste da Bahia, R. neglectus e Psammolestes tertius Lent & Jurberg foram detectados em M. flexuosa, enquanto Triatoma tibiamaculata (Pinto) ocorreu em Attalea sp. em áreas urbanas de Salvador. No total, 180 triatomíneos foram capturados, principalmente R. neglectus. A maior taxa de infecção natural (61%) foi observada em T. tibiamaculata. Os resultados indicam que pelo menos três espécies de palmeiras são habitats favoráveis para triatomíneos no estado da Bahia e ocorrem no ambiente peridomiciliar, o que pode aumentar a probabilidade de invasão de triatomíneos nas casas.

Population dynamics of Lymnaea columella and its natural infection by Fasciola hepatica in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.H.L. Coelho ◽  
W.S. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Snail Population ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Brazilian State

AbstractStudies on the population dynamics and natural infection of Lymnaea columella by Fasciola hepatica were carried out from September 1999 to December 2000 in a low-lying area near Itajubá in the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais. A total of 626 snails were collected monthly at nine different sites, counted, and dissected to search for larvae of F. hepatica. The highest populations of L. columella were reached in October of 1999 and August of 2000, and the highest natural infection rates of snails by F. hepatica were reached in September 1999 (5.2%) and July 2000 (3.9%). The removal by farmers of aquatic plants from the drainage furrows caused a drastic reduction in this snail population.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. graminis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Reay
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Natural Host Range

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. graminis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lolium italicum, L. multiflorum, L. perenne, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis, and Trisetum flavescens. Single cases of natural infection of Agropyron repens, Phalaris arundinacea and Phleum pratense are also recorded (62, 241), but their status in the natural host range is unknown. In inoculation tests (Egli et al., 1975; Egli & Schmidt, 1982) the following were highly susceptible: Alopecurus pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, F. pratensis, F. rubra, Lolium loliaceum, L. multiforum, L. parabolicae, L. perenne, L. remotum, L. temulentum, Phleum arenarium and P. bertolonii. Showing much less susceptibility were Agrostis alba, Arrhenatherum elatius, Phleum alpinum, P. phleoides, P. pratense, Poa annua, P. compressa, P. fertilis, P. memoralis, P. pratensis and P. trivialis. Leyns et al. (61, 6162) found that Agrosas tenuis and Festuca ovina were moderately susceptible when inoculated. Egli et al. (1975) recorded doubtful symptoms on Hordeum vulgare and Triacum aestivam on inoculation, but consider that they are unlikely to be naturally infected. DISEASE: Bacterial wilt of forage grasses. Symptoms usually first noticed at the heading stage, when young leaves curl and wither, and shoots remain stunted or may die. Other plants will continue to make poor growth and produce small, distorted inflorescences. Chlorotic and necrotic zones form on the older leaves along long stretches of vascular bundles, often extending into the sheaths. Bacterial streaming may be seen under the microscope from the cut ends of vascular bundles of infected tissue mounted in water. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: CMI Map 533, ed. 1, 1979 lists France, Germany, Switzerland and Wales, to which must be added Scotland (63, 2925), Belgium (61, 4199), Netherlands, Norway (62, 241), and New Zealand (62, 241). Possibly in USA (IL; 61, 5045) though this disease is currently attributed to a Rickettsia- like organism. TRANSMISSION: Within the crop transmission is presumed to be by the blades of mowing machines.

Xanthomonas oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Zizania Latifolia ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Zizania Aquatica ◽  
Weed Hosts

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Oryza sativa. Natural infection of Leersia oryzaides, Leersia oryzaides var. japonica and Zizania latifolia[Zizania aquatica] is known (Mizukami & Wakimoto, 1959). Natural infection of Cyperus rotundus and C. difformis was reported in India (48, 460), but inoculation of these hosts in the Philippines failed (48, 1689). By inoculation many wild species of Oryza (45, 1789), Leptochloa filiformis (48, 1689), L. chinensis, L. panacea and Zizania aquatica (48, 1683) have all been found susceptible. DISEASE: Bacterial blight of rice and kresek disease of rice. Blight most commonly appears on leaves of young plants, after planting out, as water-soaked stripes at the margins. These enlarge and coalesce to give the characteristic yellowish lesions with wavy edges that occur mainly along the margins of the upper parts of the leaves. These lesions may later expand to cover much of the leaf, which turns whitish or greyish and dies. Leaf sheaths of the more susceptible varieties may be affected. Kresek, which occurs in tropical regions, is a strong systemic infection in which leaves or whole young plants wither and die. In older plants the leaves become pale yellow. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Limited to Asia (CMI Map 304, ed. 2, 1964). Occurrences not shown on this map include Korea, Taiwan and Indonesia (Mizukami & Wakimoto, 1969). TRANSMISSION: Spread locally by wind and rain and also by flood and irrigation waters; gains entry to the field in infected planting material, to the nursery in seed, and to both nursery and field from volunteer rice plants and weed hosts usually via the irrigation water. Overwintering may occur on volunteers, on or in the rhizospheres of weed hosts, in stored infected straw and in seed, but it is unlikely in soil and plant debris exposed to the weather, at least under Japanese conditions (Mizukami & Wakimoto, 1969). Infection is through hydathodes and wounds. Penetration through stomata results in a build-up of bacteria in the intercellular spaces, but it is not until they have been exuded on to the leaf surface and re-admitted through the hydathodes and thence into the vascular system, that symptoms of the disease appear (46, 2720).

scholarly journals First report of Eratyrus mucronatus, Stal, 1859, (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae), in the State of Rondônia, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionatas Ulises de Oliveira Meneguetti ◽  
Olzeno Trevisan ◽  
Renato Moreira Rosa ◽  
Luís Marcelo Aranha Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
The State ◽  
First Report ◽  
First Time

INTRODUCTION: This paper reports, for the first time, the presence of the Eratyrus mucronatus species in the State of Rondonia, Brazil. METHODS: These specimens were caught by chance in the forest and later they were collected using luminous traps. RESULTS: After finding these specimens, the number of the Triatominae genera in Rondonia rose to four, while its species rose to seven. CONCLUSIONS: Complimentary studies will be conducted in order to allow for clearer understanding the ecology of this arthropod, its possible role in transmitting Chagas' disease and its current geographical distribution.

scholarly journals The first record of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in the State of Paraná, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demilson Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Adão Celestino Ferreira ◽  
Alceu Bisetto Junior
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
First Record ◽  
The State ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Light Traps

INTRODUCTION: We report the first find of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the State of Paraná, Brazil. METHODS: The specimens were captured in the urban area of the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu, with Falcão light traps, in domiciliary and peridomiciliary areas of 61 properties, on two consecutive nights from 18:00 to 06:00hs in March 2012. RESULTS: We captured 40 specimens of Lu. longipalpis and 54 specimens of other sandfly species. CONCLUSIONS: This find expands knowledge of the geographical distribution of this sandfly in Brazil.

scholarly journals Natural infection of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) by trypanosomatids in two different environments in the municipality of Ouro Preto do Oeste, State of Rondônia, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionatas Ulisses de Oliveira Meneguetti ◽  
Olzeno Trevisan ◽  
Luís Marcelo Aranha Camargo ◽  
Renato Moreira Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
The State ◽  
High Index ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Digestive Tube ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System

INTRODUCTION: This study analyzed the occurrence and the contamination of triatomines by trypanosomatids in Orbignya speciosa (babassu) specimens in the State of Rondônia, Brazil, in two different environments (pasture and woods). METHODS: Capture of triatomines on babassus and microscopic search for trypanosomatids in their digestive tube were carried out. RESULTS: Four hundred ninety-four (494) specimens were captured (Rhodnius prolixus and R.robustus), of which 35.6% of the triatomines were positive for trypanosomatids. CONCLUSIONS: The high index of natural infection along with the abundance of triatomines points out to the necessity to create an epidemiological surveillance system to monitor vector-borne transmission and deepen the studies on the ecology of such vectors in the Amazon.

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