scholarly journals The role of epinephrine in anaphylaxis at all stages of management in pediatric populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Maria Wołos ◽  
◽  
Jan Stachurski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Populations

scholarly journals Pediatric Antiphospholipid Syndrome: from Pathogenesis to Clinical Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Rosina ◽  
Cecilia Beatrice Chighizola ◽  
Angelo Ravelli ◽  
Rolando Cimaz
Keyword(s):  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Cellular Components

Abstract Purpose of Review Elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms mediated by antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) might exert important clinical implications in pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Recent Findings aPL are traditionally regarded as the main pathogenic players in APS, inducing thrombosis via the interaction with fluid-phase and cellular components of coagulation. Recent APS research has focused on the role of β2 glycoprotein I, which bridges innate immunity and coagulation. In pediatric populations, aPL should be screened in appropriate clinical settings, such as thrombosis, multiple-organ dysfunction, or concomitant systemic autoimmune diseases. Children positive for aPL tests often present non-thrombotic non-criteria manifestations or asymptomatic aPL positivity. In utero aPL exposure has been suggested to result in developmental disabilities, warranting long-term follow-up. Summary The knowledge of the multifaceted nature of pediatric APS should be implemented to reduce the risk of underdiagnosing/undertreating this condition. Hopefully, recent pathogenic insights will open new windows of opportunity in the management of pediatric APS.

Brain Death

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupamaa Seshadri ◽  
Ali Salim
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Apnea Test ◽  
Brainstem Reflex ◽  
Practice Parameters ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Definition Of

The concept of “brain death” is one that has been controversial over time, requiring the development of clear guidelines to diagnose and give prognoses for patients after devastating neurologic injury. This review discusses the history of the definition of brain death, as well as the most recent guidelines and practice parameters on the determination of brain death in both the adult and pediatric populations. We provide specific and detailed instructions on the various clinical tests required, including the brain death neurologic examination and the apnea test, and discuss pitfalls in the diagnosis of brain death. This review also considers the most recent literature and guidelines as to the role of confirmatory tests making this diagnosis.  Key Words: apnea test, brain death, brainstem reflex, death examination

scholarly journals From Nursery to Nursing Home: Emerging Concepts in Clostridioides difficile Pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Smith ◽  
Joshua Soto Ocana ◽  
Joseph P. Zackular
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

ABSTRACT Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacterium that infects the human gastrointestinal tract, causing a wide range of disorders that vary in severity from mild diarrhea to toxic megacolon and/or death. Over the past decade, incidence, severity, and costs associated with C. difficile infection (CDI) have increased dramatically in both the pediatric and adult populations. The factors driving this rapidly evolving epidemiology remain largely unknown but are likely due in part to previously unappreciated host, microbiota, and environmental factors. In this review, we will cover the risks and challenges of CDI in adult and pediatric populations and examine asymptomatic colonization in infants. We will also discuss the emerging role of diet, pharmaceutical drugs, and pathogen-microbiota interactions in C. difficile pathogenesis, as well as the impact of host-microbiota interactions in the manifestation of C. difficile-associated disease. Finally, we highlight new areas of research and novel strategies that may shed light on this complex infection and provide insights into the future of microbiota-based therapeutics for CDI.

Challenges and Opportunities in the Development of Medical Therapies for Pediatric Populations and the Role of Extrapolation

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Barrett ◽  
Raafat Bishai ◽  
Christina Bucci-Rechtweg ◽  
Amy Cheung ◽  
Solange Corriol-Rohou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Medical Therapies

scholarly journals A Review of the Role of Food Insecurity in Adherence to Care and Treatment Among Adult and Pediatric Populations Living with HIV and AIDS

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (S5) ◽  
pp. 505-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sera Young ◽  
Amanda C. Wheeler ◽  
Sandra I. McCoy ◽  
Sheri D. Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Care And Treatment ◽  
Living With Hiv

Potential Role of Growth Hormone in a Pediatric Transient Ischemic Attack

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Farrier ◽  
Alexander J. Sandweiss ◽  
Brittnie Bartlett ◽  
Farida Abid
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attack ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Vessel Stenosis ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Ischemic Attack

AbstractGrowth hormone (GH) is often prescribed in pediatric populations with short stature and is associated with several potential adverse events. One underrecognized potential adverse event is its effect on intracerebral vasculature, with concern for its ability to cause cerebrovascular accident. We present a pediatric case of presumed transient ischemic attack in the setting of chronic GH administration for idiopathic short stature syndrome. We propose potential pathogenic mechanisms for intracerebral vessel stenosis. We hope this case becomes a resource for clinicians and other healthcare providers when deciding whether or not to start GH in their young patients.

scholarly journals Developmental and family considerations in internet use disorder taxonomy. Commentary on: How to overcome taxonomical problems in the study of Internet use disorders and what to do with “smartphone addiction”? (Montag et al., 2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 920-923
Author(s):  
Dillon T. Browne ◽  
Shealyn S. May ◽  
Laura Colucci ◽  
Hans-Jurgen Rumpf
Keyword(s):  
Internet Use ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Handheld Devices ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Psychological Maladjustment ◽  
Pediatric Populations

AbstractMontag, Wegmann, Sariyska, Demetrovics, and Brand (2019) propose an important framework surrounding the taxonomy of problematic internet usage, with particular applications to disentangling the role of mobile and other handheld devices versus stationary platforms. This is a critical contribution, as organizational frameworks have begun to move past “whether” there is disordered internet use, and towards better understanding the complex and multifaceted ways in which internet usage can be related to psychological maladjustment. In the present commentary, we encourage authors to extend this framework by incorporating developmental complexities. Montag and colleagues' (2019) contribution is discussed with reference to children and families, including: (1) the conceptualization of problematic internet usage and associated behaviors across the early years, (2) the types of internet use and devices that are most salient for young users, (3) the embedding of children's internet consumption within the context of a broader pattern of family media usage, and (4) the construct of behavioral addictions in pediatric populations. Recommendations for science and practice are briefly discussed.

Achieving Independence in Toileting: Self-Catheterization Efficacy and the Role of the School Nurse

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 314-318
Author(s):  
Erin Bradley
Keyword(s):  
School Health ◽  
Product Information ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Procedure Guidelines ◽  
Pediatric Populations

The school nurse is the most consistent healthcare provider for students who require scheduled intermittent self-catheterization; however, there is little literature regarding the role of the school nurse for educating and promoting self-catheterization independence for pediatric populations in the school setting. School nurses are dependent on research to identify best practices when implementing teaching strategies with young students who are ready to start catheterizing independently. The intent of this article is to contribute relevant information that is both useful and evidence based, so the school nurse is equipped with information to support the assessment, planning, and implementation of independent self-catheterization of school-age children. Additionally, this article will examine how to determine candidates for independent self-catheterization, product information and procedure guidelines, and coordination with caregivers and other members of the school health team to provide best outcomes for students diagnosed with neurogenic bladder in the school setting.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Children: Do They Have a Lower Risk of Severe Infection Than Adults?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Health Resources ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Limited Health ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Infants And Young Children

: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was first identified in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, has now spread around the world. It significantly affects the lower respiratory tract, and pneumonia is always present in patients with the severe form of the disease. Many studies have shown that the severity of COVID-19 is lower in pediatric populations. It is important to determine why infants and young children are not severely affected by COVID-19. By increasing our awareness of this disease, we can prioritize our limited health resources. Several theories have been proposed to explain such significant differences between the pediatric and adult populations with COVID-19. Some of them are: (1) the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2); (2) cross-immunity with other severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like viruses; (3) obtunded systemic inflammatory response in children; (4) more efficient T cells in them; (5) interactions of SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) with other viruses in the mucosa of the lungs and airways; and (6) a hypothesis that COVID-19 proteins onslaught the heme on the β-1 chain of hemoglobin. The important thing to keep in mind is that the asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic pediatrics are crucial in the spread of COVID-19.

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