Rice Intake Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in Japanese Men but Not Women

There is new empirical evidence that the effects of impending death on cognition have been miscalculated because of neglect of the incidence of dropout and of practice gains during longitudinal studies. When these are taken into consideration, amounts and rates of cognitive declines preceding death and dropout are seen to be almost identical, and participants aged 49 to 93 years who neither dropout nor die show little or no decline during a 20-year longitudinal study. Practice effects are theoretically informative. Positive gains are greater for young and more intelligent participants and at all levels of intelligence and durations of practice; declines in scores of 10% or more between successive quadrennial test sessions are risk factors for mortality. Higher baseline intelligence test scores are also associated with reduced risk of mortality, even when demographics and socioeconomic advantage have been taken into consideration.

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Association Between Potentially Inappropriate Medications and 30-Day Post–Hospital Discharge Outcomes in US Veterans

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/10600280211032072 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106002802110320

Author(s):

Heather G. Allore ◽

Danijela Gnjidic ◽

Melissa Skanderson ◽

Ling Han

Keyword(s):

Hospital Discharge ◽

Adverse Drug Events ◽

Primary Care Clinic ◽

Care Utilization ◽

Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Care Clinic ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Reduced Risk

Background Potentially inappropriate medication (PIMs) use is common in older inpatients and it may lead to increased risk of adverse drug events. Objectives To examine prevalence of PIMs at hospital discharge and its contribution to health care utilization and mortality within 30-days of hospital discharge. Methods This was a prospective cohort of 117 570 veterans aged ≥65 years and hospitalized in 2013. PIMs at discharge were categorized into central nervous system acting (CNS) and non-CNS. Outcomes within 30-days of hospital discharge were: (1) time to first acute care hospital readmission, and all-cause mortality, (2) an emergency room visit, and (3) ≥3 primary care clinic visits. Results The cohort’s mean age was 74.3 years (SD 8.1), with 51.3% exposed to CNS and 62.8% to non-CNS PIMs. Use of CNS and non-CNS PIMs, respectively, was associated with a reduced risk of readmission, with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 0.93 (95% CI = 0.89-0.96) for ≥2 (vs 0) CNS PIMs and an aHR of 0.85 (95% CI = 0.82-0.88) for ≥2 (vs 0) non-CNS PIMs. Use of CNS PIMs (≥2 vs 0) was associated with increased risk of mortality (aHR = 1.37 [95% CI = 1.25-1.51]), whereas non-CNS PIMs use was associated with a reduced risk of mortality (aHR = 0.75 [95% CI = 0.69-0.82]). Conclusion and Relevance PIMs were highly common in this veteran cohort, and the association with outcomes differed by PIMs. Thus, it is important to consider whether PIMs are CNS acting to optimize short-term posthospitalization outcomes.

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Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80835-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hirotaka Saito ◽

Kenichi Tanaka ◽

Tsuyoshi Iwasaki ◽

Akira Oda ◽

Shuhei Watanabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Xanthine Oxidase ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Oxidase Inhibitor ◽

Cardiovascular Risks ◽

Diabetic Mellitus ◽

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors ◽

Reduced Risk

AbstractAs previous studies have reported finding an association between hyperuricemia and the development of cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease, hyperuricemia is thought to be an independent risk factor for hypertension and diabetic mellitus. However, we have not been able to determine whether the use of xanthine oxidase inhibitors can reduce cardiovascular disease. The present study used the longitudinal data of the Fukushima Cohort Study to investigate the relationship between the use of xanthine oxidase inhibitors and cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular risks. During the 3-year period between 2012 and 2014, a total of 2724 subjects were enrolled in the study and followed. A total of 2501 subjects had hypertension, diabetic mellitus, dyslipidemia, or chronic kidney disease, and were identified as having cardiovascular risks. The effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitor use on the development of cardiovascular events was evaluated in these patients using a time to event analysis. During the observational periods (median 2.7 years), the incidence of cardiovascular events was 20.7 in subjects with xanthine oxidase inhibitor and 11.2 (/1000 person-years, respectively) in those without. Although a univariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of cardiovascular events was significantly higher in subjects administered xanthine oxidase inhibitors (HR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.19–2.94, p = 0.007), the risk was significantly lower in subjects administered a xanthine oxidase inhibitor after adjustment for covariates (HR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.26–0.91; p = 0.024) compared to those without. Xanthine oxidase inhibitor use was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.

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Pasta meal intake in relation to risks of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women : findings from the Women’s Health Initiative

BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health ◽

10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000198 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bmjnph-2020-000198

Author(s):

Mengna Huang ◽

Kenneth Lo ◽

Jie Li ◽

Matthew Allison ◽

Wen-Chih Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Women's Health ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Diabetes Risk ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

White Bread ◽

Health Initiative ◽

Meal Intake ◽

Reduced Risk

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between pasta meal intake and long-term risk of developing diabetes or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke) in postmenopausal women.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingWomen’s Health Initiative (WHI) in the USA.Participants84 555 postmenopausal women aged 50–79 in 1994, who were free of diabetes, ASCVD and cancer at baseline who were not in the dietary modification trial of the WHI, completed a validated food frequency questionnaire, and were evaluated for incident diabetes and ASCVD outcomes during the follow-up until 2010.Main outcome measureDiabetes and ASCVD.ResultsCox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association (HR) between quartiles of pasta meal consumption (residuals after adjusting for total energy) and the risk of incidence diabetes, CHD, stroke or ASCVD, accounting for potential confounding factors, with testing for linear trend. We then statistically evaluated the effect of substituting white bread or fried potato for pasta meal on disease risk. When comparing the highest to the lowest quartiles of residual pasta meal intake, we observed significantly reduced risk of ASCVD (HR=0.89, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.96, p trend=0.002), stroke (HR=0.84, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.93, p trend=0.001), CHD (HR=0.91, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.00, p trend=0.058) and no significant alteration in diabetes risk (HR=1.02, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.07, p trend=0.328). Replacing white bread or fried potato with pasta meal was statistically associated with decreased risk of stroke and ASCVD.ConclusionsPasta meal intake did not have adverse effects on long-term diabetes risk and may be associated with significant reduced risk of stroke and ASCVD. The potential benefit of substituting pasta meal for other commonly consumed starchy foods on cardiometabolic outcomes warrants further investigation in additional high-quality and large prospective studies of diverse populations.

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Dietary Quercetin and Kaempferol: Bioavailability and Potential Cardiovascular-Related Bioactivity in Humans

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11102288 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2288 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Wijdan M. Dabeek ◽

Melissa Ventura Marra

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Cardiovascular Effects ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Food Sources ◽

Free Form ◽

Kaempferol Glycoside ◽

Plant Sources ◽

Reduced Risk

Fruit and vegetable intake has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Quercetin and kaempferol are among the most ubiquitous polyphenols in fruit and vegetables. Most of the quercetin and kaempferol in plants is attached to sugar moieties rather than in the free form. The types and attachments of sugars impact bioavailability, and thus bioactivity. This article aims to review the current literature on the bioavailability of quercetin and kaempferol from food sources and evaluate the potential cardiovascular effects in humans. Foods with the highest concentrations of quercetin and kaempferol in plants are not necessarily the most bioavailable sources. Glucoside conjugates which are found in onions appear to have the highest bioavailability in humans. The absorbed quercetin and kaempferol are rapidly metabolized in the liver and circulate as methyl, glucuronide, and sulfate metabolites. These metabolites can be measured in the blood and urine to assess bioactivity in human trials. The optimal effective dose of quercetin reported to have beneficial effect of lowering blood pressure and inflammation is 500 mg of the aglycone form. Few clinical studies have examined the potential cardiovascular effects of high intakes of quercetin- and kaempferol-rich plants. However, it is possible that a lower dosage from plant sources could be effective due to of its higher bioavailability compared to the aglycone form. Studies are needed to evaluate the potential cardiovascular benefits of plants rich in quercetin and kaempferol glycoside conjugates.

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Body Mass Index and Mortality From Cardiovascular Disease Among Japanese Men and Women

Stroke ◽

10.1161/01.str.0000169925.57251.4e ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 36 (7) ◽

pp. 1377-1382 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Renzhe Cui ◽

Hiroyasu Iso ◽

Hideaki Toyoshima ◽

Chigusa Date ◽

Akio Yamamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Japanese Men ◽

Men And Women

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Association of Sleep Duration with Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease and Other Causes for Japanese Men and Women: the JACC Study

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/32.3.295 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 295-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 219

Author(s):

Satoyo Ikehara ◽

Hiroyasu Iso ◽

Chigusa Date ◽

Shogo Kikuchi ◽

Yoshiyuki Watanabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Japanese Men ◽

Men And Women

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Deficiency of ASGR1 in pigs recapitulates reduced risk factor for cardiovascular disease in humans

PLoS Genetics ◽

10.1371/journal.pgen.1009891 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. e1009891

Author(s):

Baocai Xie ◽

Xiaochen Shi ◽

Yan Li ◽

Bo Xia ◽

Jia Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

De Novo ◽

Cholesterol Metabolism ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Atherogenic Diet ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Low Levels ◽

Reduced Risk

Genetic variants in the asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Given the cardiovascular similarities between pigs and humans, we generated ASGR1-deficient pigs using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. These pigs show age-dependent low levels of non-HDL-C under standard diet. When received an atherogenic diet for 6 months, ASGR1-deficient pigs show lower levels of non-HDL-C and less atherosclerotic lesions than that of controls. Furthermore, by analysis of hepatic transcriptome and in vivo cholesterol metabolism, we show that ASGR1 deficiency reduces hepatic de novo cholesterol synthesis by downregulating 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), and increases cholesterol clearance by upregulating the hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which together contribute to the low levels of non-HDL-C. Despite the cardioprotective effect, we unexpectedly observed mild to moderate hepatic injury in ASGR1-deficient pigs, which has not been documented in humans with ASGR1 variants. Thus, targeting ASGR1 might be an effective strategy to reduce hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, whereas further clinical evidence is required to assess its hepatic impact.

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