Diversity of Phytophagous Insects with Potential to Become Key Pests in Genetically Modified Bt Cotton

Abstract A detection method for genetically modified foods is an essential regulatory requirement for many countries. The present study is aimed at developing a qualitative method for detection of genetically modified organisms by combining PCR methodology with capillary gel electrophoresis (PCR-CGE) in a sequencing platform to detect Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-cotton (MON 531)and Roundup Ready (RR) soybean (GTS 40-3-2). A sensitive duplex PCR-CGE method was developed in which target DNA sequences (35S and Nos) were separated both by size and color to detect 0.01% Cry1Ac DNA (w/w) in Bt-cotton. A multiplex PCR-CGE method was developed to simultaneously detect fourtargets such as Sad1, Cry1Ac, 35S, and Nos in Bt-cotton. Four novel PCR primers were designed to customize amplicon size for multiplexing for better visualizationof multiple peaks. The LOD for Cry1Ac DNA specific PCR was 0.01% for Bt-cotton. The LOD for multiplex PCR assay was 0.05% for Bt-cotton. A singleplex PCR-CGE method was developed to detect Lec, 35S and Nos in a trace sample of RR soybean grainpowder (0.1%, w/w). This study demonstrates aPCR-CGE-based method for the qualitative detection of35S, Nos and Cry1Ac targets associated with genetically modifiedproducts.

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Qualitative and Quantitative PCR-Based Detection Methods for Authorized Genetically Modified Cotton Events in India

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.5740/jaoacint.13-271 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 97 (5) ◽

pp. 1299-1309 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rashmi Chhabra ◽

Gurinder Jit Randhawa ◽

Rajesh K Bhoge ◽

Monika Singh

Keyword(s):

Genetically Modified ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Quantitative Detection ◽

Bt Cotton ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Genetically Modified Cotton ◽

Detection Assay ◽

Endogenous Reference ◽

The Cost

Abstract Qualitative diagnostics for all five commercialized genetically modified (GM) cotton events for insect resistance in India is being reported for the first time in this paper. The cost-effective and robust multiplex PCR (MPCR)-based detection assay, distinguishing the insect resistant transgenic Bt cotton events, viz., MON531, MON15985, Event 1, GFM-cry1A, and MLS-9124, has been developed. This decaplex PCR assay targets nine transgenic elements, viz., sequences of four transgenes, three transgene constructs, and two event-specific sequences along with one endogenous reference gene. The LOD of the qualitative MPCR assay was up to 0.1%. A quantitative detection method for four widely commercially cultivated GM cotton events, namely, MON531, MON15985, Event 1, and GFM-cry1A, covering 99.5% of the total area under GM cultivation in the country, is also reported. A construct-specific real-time PCR assay has been developed for quantification of these GM cotton events with LOQ <0.05% and LOD <0.025%. The developed assays will be of great use to screen for the presence/absence of authorized GM cotton events in unknown samples and to check the authenticity of GM cotton seed samples.

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Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi withTrichoderma virideandPseudomonas fluorescenson Growth Enhancement of Genetically Modified Bt Cotton (Bacillusthuringiensis)

Journal of Natural Fibers ◽

10.1080/15440478.2013.791913 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 309-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Neetu Badda ◽

Kuldeep Yadav ◽

Nisha Kadian ◽

Ashok Aggarwal

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Growth Enhancement ◽

Bt Cotton

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Genetically Modified Crops in Asia Pacific

10.1071/9781486310913 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Cropping Systems ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Genetically Modified Crops ◽

Asia Pacific ◽

Gm Crops ◽

Bt Cotton ◽

Pacific Region ◽

Asia Pacific Region ◽

Gm Crop ◽

Food Needs

Meeting future food needs without compromising environmental integrity is a central challenge for agriculture globally but especially for the Asia Pacific region – where 60% of the global population, including some of the world’s poorest, live on only 30% of the land mass. To guarantee the food security of this and other regions, growers worldwide are rapidly adopting genetically modified (GM) crops as the forerunner to protect against many biotic and abiotic stresses. Asia Pacific countries play an important role in this, with India, China and Pakistan appearing in the top 10 countries with acreage of GM crops, primarily devoted to Bt cotton. Genetically Modified Crops in Asia Pacific discusses the progress of GM crop adoption across the Asia Pacific region over the past two decades, including research, development, adoption and sustainability, as well as the cultivation of insect resistant Bt brinjal, drought-tolerant sugarcane, late blight resistant potato and biotech rice more specific to this region. Regulatory efforts of the Asia Pacific member nations to ensure the safety of GM crops to both humans and the environment are also outlined to provide impetus in other countries initiating biotech crops. The authors also probe into some aspects of gene editing and nanobiotechnology to expand the scope into next generation GM crops, including the potential to grow crops in acidic soil, reduce methane production, remove poisonous elements from plants and improve overall nutritional quality. Genetically Modified Crops in Asia Pacific provides a comprehensive reference not only for academics, researchers and private sectors in crop systems but also policy makers in the Asia Pacific region. Beyond this region, readers will benefit from understanding how GM crops have been integrated into many different countries and, in particular, the effects of the take-up of GM cropping systems by farmers with different socioeconomic backgrounds.

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Genetically modified crops in India: Experiments with Bt Cotton to explore the road ahead

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2020-0044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 386-394

Author(s):

Amanpreet Kaur

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Genetically Modified Crops ◽

Field Trials ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Bt Cotton ◽

Vegetation Diversity ◽

Research Article

AbstractThe success of genetically modified crops (GMCs), claimed to hold solution to impending environmental problems, depends on land holdings, agroclimatic and geoclimatic conditions, food preferences and sociocultural factors. The direct and indirect impacts of these crops on human health, ecology and environment have not been evaluated on long-term basis. In India, with rich background of farming, GMCs remain a minor change. Introduction of first GMC, Bt Cotton (BC), showed varied response throughout the country. New GMCs like Bt Brinjal and GM Mustard approved for open-field trials in the country were marred under contentious debate and were never approved for commercial cultivation. The current research article aims to study the ecological implications of only GMC available for experimentation in India, BC. A three-phase study carried out as field survey, glass dome experiments and open-field trials compared the BC and conventional cotton (CC) plants with extensive experimentation of ecological parameters including vegetation diversity, insect diversity, plant morphology and infestation intensity. Results highlighted the better morphological characteristics of BC over CC, while infestation studies showed 40% survival rate of insect pest on BC for which it is genetically modified. High electrical conductivity and low organic matter content in the BC soil samples as compared to CC soil samples were indicative of impact of Bt toxins in soil but need further in-depth soil studies to reach scientifically valid results. The current research article substantiates the environmental concerns raised against GMCs especially BC in the country. Its objective is to trigger more research in this direction, so that the technology of GMCs is utilized for the benefit of humankind.

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A Case Study for Assessment of Microbial Community Dynamics in Genetically Modified Bt Cotton Crop Fields

Current Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s00284-010-9585-6 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 118-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Manisha Kapur ◽

Ranjana Bhatia ◽

Gunjan Pandey ◽

Janmejay Pandey ◽

Debarati Paul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Community Dynamics ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Bt Cotton ◽

Cotton Crop ◽

Crop Fields ◽

Microbial Community Dynamics

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Triple Helix Model of Innovation and the Politics of Genetically Modified Crops: Cases of Bt Cotton and Bt Brinjal in India

Perspectives on Global Development and Technology ◽

10.1163/15691497-12341443 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 434-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Madhulika Kumari ◽

Sambit Mallick

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Triple Helix ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Genetically Modified Crops ◽

Bt Cotton ◽

Bt Crops ◽

Triple Helix Model ◽

Private Research ◽

Research Questions ◽

The Government

The construal of genetically modified (gm) crops is not just scientific or technological, but also inherently political. This article attempts to understand the implications of proprietary technologies in agriculture in India where two gm crops namely Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) brinjal are analyzed. It critically examines how different normative institutional frameworks and ideologies are deeply embedded in the way diverse actors select their research questions. Further, an attempt is made to unfurl the debates on the policies of biotechnology, in general and Bt crops, in particular. It then moves onto capturing the networking between the government, academia and industry with reference to gm crops, particularly Bt cotton and Bt brinjal. In-depth personal interviews with 81 plant biotechnologists in the government, academic, and private research and development (R&D) institutions in India were conducted to ascertain the views of various stakeholders about Bt crops in agriculture in India.

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